ABSTRACT
Objective@#To construct and determine the weight of Index System for Assessing Parent s Ability on Child Injury Prevention, and to provide the basis for childhood injury intervention in family.@*Methods@#Twenty four experts majored in related fields were invited to participate in Delphi consultation. The final index system was constructed according to the consulting results and the weight of primary and secondary indicators were calculated.@*Results@#The final index system consisted of 5 subscales corresponding to 5 age groups: 0,1-2,3-5,6-11 and 12-17 years old. Each scale included 4 primary indicators and 11 secondary indicators. The weight of primary indicators obtained by analytic hierarchy process is 0.28 for "environment", 0.16 for "product", 0.31 for "behaviors and skills", and 0.25 for "psychology". The highest weight of secondary indicators for "environment", "product" and "behaviors and skills" was "water area", while the top secondary indicators for "psychology" included "parental style""emotional control" "family atmosphere", with all indicators weighted higher than 0.2.@*Conclusion@#The Index System for Assessing Parent s Ability on Child Injury Prevention by Delphi consultation is comprehensive in content, and with the focus on parental behaviors and skills on injury prevention.
ABSTRACT
Airway remodeling is an important pathological basis of asthma， and also the main reason for the difficulty in asthma therapy. By referring to the experimental reports on the treatment of airway remodeling in asthma with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in recent years， the authors comprehensively analyzed the effect of TCM on proteins related to airway remodeling in asthma， and it was found that TCM could regulate the signal pathway related proteins （such as transforming growth factor-β1/Smads， extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Wnt/β-catenin）， structural proteins （such as α-smooth muscle actin， collagen， osteopontin and fibrin） and gene regulatory proteins （such as matrix metalloproteinase-9， vascular endothelial growth factor， B lymphoma cell-2 related X protein）， and participate in the regulation of airway remodeling signaling pathway， tissue structure homeostasis and gene expression， so as to inhibit airway remodeling in asthma. In conclusion， TCM can improve the pathological morphology of airway remodeling and delay the progress of airway remodeling by controlling the corresponding proteins. At present， however， a lot of studies are limited to single Chinese herbal or TCM extract in animal experiments， and there is a lack of clinical research. It is suggested to establish a systematic and multi-level study on the mechanism of TCM for treating airway remodeling in asthma based on the theory of TCM， so as to provide a better reference for clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of prenatal exposure to stress and lead on spatial learning and memory development in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 32 Sprague-Dawley (SD) pregnant rats were divided randomly into 4 groups, 8 per group in line with the Random Number Table. The four groups were: no maternal stress, no Pb exposure (NS/C); non-maternal stress, Pb exposure (NS/L), maternal stress, no Pb exposure (S/C), and maternal stress plus Pb exposure (S/L). The spatial learning and memory ability, the serum corticosterone level both pre and post-testing of 30-day old offsprings, and lead concentration in hippocampus were tested by means of Morris Water Maze, radioimmunoassay and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The residence time of male and female in NS/L was (16.08+/-3.41) s, (15.72+/-3.33) s, which were significantly shorter than NS/L (25.42+/-4.76) s, (24.55+/-4.43) s and S/C (20.96+/-3.45) s, (20.65+/-2.98) s, and significant difference was observed in the joint exposure effect (F=5.478, P<0.05). The effect of the joint exposure was significant on post-testing serum corticosterone. The hippocampus lead concentrations of NS/L and S/L were (0.4378+/-0.1041) microg/g and (0.4679+/-0.1243) microg/g without significant differences (F=0.298, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prenatal joint exposure to restraint stress and lead might increase the effects of single exposure on the spatial learning and memory ability and serum corticosterone level of offsprings, and the joint influence on corticosterone level might be one of the reasons of further impairment of learning and memory.</p>