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AIM: To analyze the similarities and differences of the clinical features between persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV)and congenital fibrovascular pupillary membrane(CFPM).METHODS: Retrospectively analyze the ocular biometric parameters, clinical features and morphological changes in children with PHPV(PHPV group)and CFPM(CFPM group)who received surgery at the department of ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital from March 2006 to December 2021.RESULTS: The study included 56 cases(61 eyes)of PHPV and 24 cases(25 eyes)of CFPM. There were no differences on the gender and age of onset between PHPV and CFPM, and both of them were mainly unilaterally affected, with the ratio of 91% and 96%. Children with PHPV and cataract combined with other complications and ocular developmental abnormalities. CFPM was mainly presented different degrees of blockage and morphological abnormalities of pupillary area. In unilateral cases of PHPV and CFPM, the anterior chamber depth(ACD)of affected eyes was smaller than that of the fellow eyes, and in subgroups with age of operation ≤24mo, the axial length(AL)of affected eyes was smaller than that of the fellow eyes(P<0.05). The corneal diameter(CD)of the affected eyes in PHPV group was smaller and the intraocular pressure(IOP)was higher than those of the fellow eyes(all P<0.05); while there were no significant differences on CD and IOP between affected eyes and the fellow eyes in CFPM group(P&#x003E;0.05). The ACD of affected eyes in PHPV group was significantly smaller than that of CFPM group(P<0.05). The fibrovascular membrane in PHPV group was located in the posterior part of the lens and vitreous cavity; while the fibrovascular membrane in CFPM group was located between the iris and the anterior capsule of the lens, rarely involving the lens.CONCLUSION: PHPV and CFPM had the similar clinical features, suggesting that they may belong to the different variants of persistent fetal vasculature(PFV). However, PHPV had a wider range of lesions and more complex conditions.
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@#AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects of using anti-VEGF drugs combined with Steroids to treat macular edema(ME)secondary to retinal vein occlusion. <p>METHODS: Chinese and English electronic databases(Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu)were searched to obtain qualified random controlled test(RCT)researches from their foundation to January 2020. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers retrieved the literature independently, extracted data and evaluate methodological quality. Review Manager 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis.<p>RESULTS: A total of 5 RCTs were identified with 212 patients. There was no significant difference in patients' best correct visual acuity(BCVA)improvement in 1mo, 3mo and 6mo between anti-VEGF combined with steroids and anti-VEGF monopoly. Significant difference was found in the relieve of ME in 1mo and 3mo(1mo: <i>MD</i>=-20.89, 95% <i>CI</i>: -34.65 to -7.13, <i>P</i>=0.003; 3mo: <i>MD</i>=-22.83, 95% <i>CI</i>: -33.68 to -11.97, <i>P</i><0.0001), but not in 6mo between two groups. As for side effects and complications, the combination group occurs more often than the monopoly group(<i>P</i>=0.02). Meanwhile, significant difference was found in the number of injections between two groups(<i>P</i><0.001). <p>CONCLUSION: Compared with the single use of anti-VEGF drugs, anti-VEGF drugs combined with corticosteroids for the treatment of ME secondary to RVO have the characteristics of rapid onset, fewer injections, and more economical. The treatment process should closely follow the patient's intraocular pressure and lens status.
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Context: Increasing evidence has indicated an association between immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and clinical outcomes. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) on the prognosis of patients with LUAD. Settings and Design: This was a case–control study. Materials and Methods: The CIBERSORT algorithm calculated the proportion of cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Cox regression analysis evaluated the effect of TIICs on the prognosis of LUAD. The immune risk score model was constructed based on a statistical correlation. Multivariate cox regression analysis investigated independent factors. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Certain immune cells had differential infiltration between normal tissues and LUAD. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that four immune cell types were statistically correlated with LUAD-related survival risk, and an immune risk scoring model was constructed. The results indicated that patients in the high-risk group were associated with poor outcomes. In addition, the multivariate cox analysis revealed that the immune risk scoring model was an independent factor for LUAD prognosis prediction. Ultimately, a nomogram was established to comprehensively predict the survival of LUAD patients. Conclusions: TIICs played an essential role in the prognosis of LUAD. Furthermore, the immune risk score was a poor predictive factor of LUAD, and the established model was reliable in predicting the prognosis of LUAD