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Objective To evaluate the clinical improvements after autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) percutaneously injected into coronary artery in patients with heart failure due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy using PET myocardial peffusion/metabolic imaging.Methods From February 2011 to October 2012,40 patients with heart failure due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy were selected.The test group including 15 patients (13 males,2 females,average age (57.5±14.5) years) received the autologous BMMNCs intracoronary injection on the basis of drug treatment.The other 25 cases (21 males,4 females,average age (58.0±12.0) years) were taken as the control group and only received the drug treatment.All patients were followed up for 24 months,and the myocardial perfusion/metabolism imaging,echocardiography,brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test,6-minute walking experiment were performed.The data were analyzed by two-sample t test.Results During the follow-up period,the test group had no ventricular arrhythmia and other serious complications,and the patients' symptoms had been improved.There was no change in myocardial perfusion after treatment of autologous BMMNCs,but the myocardial metabolic defect by volume reduced from (43.79± 17.99) cm3 to (28.19±9.27) cm3 (t =3.33,P＜0.01) 24 months after the treatment.The myocardial metabolic defect by volume at the baseline and after 24 months in the control group was (43.30±15.70) cm3,(48.51±15.77) cm3 respectively (t=1.01,P＞0.05).In the test group,the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased from (64.0±8.0) mm to (59.0±7.0) mm 24 months after the treatment (t=2.04,P＜0.05),and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher than that before treatment:(45.0±4.0) ％ vs (27.0±6.0) ％ (t =10.81,P＜0.01).Conclusion PET myocardial perfusion/metabolic imaging can be used as tools in evaluating the therapeutic effect of autologous BMMNCs in patients with heart failure due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat models of pulmonary artery hypertention with monocrotaline, and to study the relationship between the evolution of right ventricular function and the evolution of pulmo-nary artery pressure ( PAP) by magnetic resonance ( MR) imaging of the right ventricular function. Methods Rat models of pulmonary artery hypertension were established by monocrotaline (MCT). The model rats were divided into 4 groups:the 1-week-PAH group, 2-week-PAH group, 3-week-PAH group, and 4-week-PAH group, and pulmonary artery pressure in the rats was measured by right heart catheterization. After injection of MCT, we used MRI to evaluate the ventricular function of the rats every week. All the measurement data of right ventricular function in the model group were compared with the average pulmonary pressure using Pearson' s correlation test. Results There were strong correlations between the parameters of RV function in model group with the average pulmonary pressure ( r= -0. 823 for RV EF, r=0. 732 and 0. 803 for RV EDV and RV ESV) . At 2 weeks after injection of monocrotaline, the mean pulmonary pressure, right ven-tricular eject fraction ( RVEF) , the end-diastolic volume ( EDV) and the end-systolic volume ( ESV) of right ventricle be-tween rats in PAH and the control group showed no significant difference (P>0. 05). But three-four weeks after MCT in-jection, all these parameters were significantly different in the PAH rats than in control rats (P<0. 05). Conclusions As the pulmonary arterial pressure is increased in the rats, the right ventricular function is gradually impaired. For the monito-ring of chronic pulmonary artery hypertension in rats, MRI can be used to accurately measure the changes of parameters. The PAH can be indicated by looking at the changes of parameter such as RV EF, RV EDV and RV ESV.
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Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat models of pulmonary artery hypertention with monocrotaline, and to study the relationship between the evolution of right ventricular function and the evolution of pulmo-nary artery pressure ( PAP) by magnetic resonance ( MR) imaging of the right ventricular function. Methods Rat models of pulmonary artery hypertension were established by monocrotaline (MCT). The model rats were divided into 4 groups:the 1-week-PAH group, 2-week-PAH group, 3-week-PAH group, and 4-week-PAH group, and pulmonary artery pressure in the rats was measured by right heart catheterization. After injection of MCT, we used MRI to evaluate the ventricular function of the rats every week. All the measurement data of right ventricular function in the model group were compared with the average pulmonary pressure using Pearson' s correlation test. Results There were strong correlations between the parameters of RV function in model group with the average pulmonary pressure ( r= -0. 823 for RV EF, r=0. 732 and 0. 803 for RV EDV and RV ESV) . At 2 weeks after injection of monocrotaline, the mean pulmonary pressure, right ven-tricular eject fraction ( RVEF) , the end-diastolic volume ( EDV) and the end-systolic volume ( ESV) of right ventricle be-tween rats in PAH and the control group showed no significant difference (P>0. 05). But three-four weeks after MCT in-jection, all these parameters were significantly different in the PAH rats than in control rats (P<0. 05). Conclusions As the pulmonary arterial pressure is increased in the rats, the right ventricular function is gradually impaired. For the monito-ring of chronic pulmonary artery hypertension in rats, MRI can be used to accurately measure the changes of parameters. The PAH can be indicated by looking at the changes of parameter such as RV EF, RV EDV and RV ESV.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of acute cold exposure on the inflammation and pathologic injuries in pulmonary of rats, and explore the mechanism induced by cold stress.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups(n = 8): control group (23 ± 2) °C 2.5 h, -25°C 0.5 h group, -25°C 1 h group, -25°C 2 h group and -25°C 2.5 h group. Rats were exposed to cold at -25°C and no wind by keeping them in a low temperature chamber except control group. Rectal temperatures of the rats were measured before and after cold exposure. The morphological changes of pulmonary were observed by the optics microscope. The levels of tumer necrosis factor-α(TNF- α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-β (IL-1β) in lung tissue homogenate were measured by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the control group, body core temperatures of the -25°C 1 h group, -25°C2 h group and -25°C 2.5 h group were decreased significantly, and the D-values of rectal temperature were increased before and after cold exposure (P < 0.05). The infiltration of inflammatory cells and alveolar edema fluid appeared in the lung tissue of the -25°C 2.5 h group. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inter- leukin-1β (IL-1β) in lung tissue homogenate were increased significantly in -25°C l h group, -25°C 2 h group and -25C° 2.5 h group (P < 0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The infiltration of inflammatory cells and the increase in proinflammatory cytokine from pulmonary may lead to the lung tissue injury after acute cold exposure.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cold Temperature , Inflammation , Interleukin-1beta , Metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Lung , Metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric burn in the midwest region of Inner Mongolia and the related areas, and to provide reference for seeking pertinent measures of prevention and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Medical records of patients hospitalized in the 253rd Hospital of PLA, the 322nd Hospital of PLA, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital from January 1996 to December 2010 were collected. Patients were divided into pediatric burn group with specific reason (group SF, with scald resulted from construction defect of Guo-lian-kang--a heatable brick bed linked to a cooking pot), and burn control group with other causes (group C) according to the main injury cause. Clinical data of patients in both groups, including general condition, family background, occurrence regularity, and outcome, were analyzed. The epidemiological trend of variation before and after taking preventive measures (1996 to 2001 and 2002 to 2010) was compared. Data were processed with chi-square test and rank sum test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) General condition: out of 16 595 pediatric burn patients, 15 816 cases (95.3%) suffered scald due to liquids with high temperature, and 779 cases (4.7%) suffered burns due to other causes. Patients in group SF (scald due to specific cause--Guo-lian-kang) accounted for 32.2% (5089/15 816) of the total suffered scald by liquids with high temperature, and 30.7% (5089/16 595) of all the inpatients the cause of burn was related to Guo-lian-kang (group SF). The patients in group SF admitted to the 322nd Hospital of PLA accounted for 34.2% of all the inpatients admitted to this hospital (1803/5267), more than the other two hospitals in this study. The number of patients in group C was 11 506, accounted for 69.3% of all the inpatients. The age of patients ranged from 8 months to 5 years in group SF and 1 month to 12 years in group C. The age of the majority of patients ranged from 1 to 3 years in both groups. The ratio of male to female was 2.1:1.0 in group SF and 1.4:1.0 in group C. The incidence of scald involving multiple body parts in group SF (3590 cases accounting for 70.5%) was obviously higher than that of group C (6311 cases accounting for 54.8%, χ(2) = 361.138, P < 0.01). In both group SF and group C, the incidence in different sites was ranked from high to low as follows: upper limbs, lower limbs, the head-face-neck region, and the trunk. The degree of injury in group SF was much more severe than that of group C (Z = 27.770, P < 0.01). The rate of patients without pre-hospital treatment was 31.2% (1588/5089) in group SF, which was obviously higher than that of group C (24.8%, 2857/11 506, χ(2) = 73.010, P < 0.01). The rate of patients treated with cryotherapy was obviously lower in group SF (14.7%, 747/5089) than in group C (19.6%, 2255/11 506, χ(2) = 57.636, P < 0.01). The rate of patients treated with delayed resuscitation (6 hours after injury) in group SF (31.5%, 1601/5089) was obviously higher than that of group C (7.8%, 897/11 506, χ(2) = 1545.234, P < 0.01). (2) Family background and occurrence regularity: in group SF, 67.3% (3424/5089) of the patients came from farming area, 22.1% (1123/5089) from villages and towns, and 10.7% (542/5089) from urban areas. In group C, 32.4% (3727/11 506) of the patients came from farming area, 48.4% (5570/11 506) from villages and towns, and 19.2% (2209/11 506) from urban areas. Most of the patients in group SF (77.8%, 3958/5089) were injured between October and March, while most of the patients in group C (58.2%, 6697/11 506) were injured between May and October. (3) Outcome and epidemiological variation: the cure rate of patients in group SF was 32.3% (1645/5089), which was obviously lower than that of group C (44.7%, 5143/11 506, χ(2) = 215.615, P < 0.01). The mortality of patients in group SF was 1.6% (79/5089), and it was obviously higher than that of group C (0.4%, 46/11 506, χ(2) = 62.700, P < 0.01). From 1996 to 2001, patients in group SF accounted for 42.5% (2213/5212), while patients in group C accounted for 57.5% (2999/5212) of the inpatients scalded by hot liquid. After taking preventive measures against injury due to Guo-lian-kang, incidence of scald injury in group SF was lowered to 27.1% (2876/10 604), while the incidence in group C remained at 72.9% (7728/10 604) of the inpatients with hot liquid scald from 2002 to 2010. The difference between the two periods was statistically significant (χ(2) = 376.695,P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The defect of construction of Guo-lian-kang is one of the main factors that lead to a high incidence of pediatric burn in the midwest of Inner Mongolia. Installation of a protective bannister between the cooking pot and the "kang (heatable brick bed)" can obviously reduce the incidence of scald injury. Special injury-causing factors, unprofessional pre-hospital treatment of the wound, delayed resuscitation after shock are the main causes of increasing mortality and disability, and they constitute the key targets of prevention and treatment of such injury in future.</p>