Quality Difference Analysis of Raw and Steamed Products of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Based on Electronic Eye Technique and Chemical Fingerprint / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the quality differences between steamed products and raw products of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium（CRP）. MethodThe color of steamed products and raw products of CRP was determined from the perspective of appearance by electronic eye technique， and the quality differences between them was objectively characterized by the luminous value（L*）， yellow-blue value（b*）， red-green value（a*） and total chromatic value（E*ab）. Based on this， ultra-high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） was used to establish a fingerprint evaluation method with the mobile phase of acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-5 min， 5%A； 5-30 min， 5%-20%A； 30-60 min， 20%-52%A）， detection wavelength at 270 nm， flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 and column temperature of 30 ℃. The quality differences between steamed products and raw products of CRP were compared from the perspective of chemical composition， and correlation analysis was used to reveal the correlation between the difference in appearance color and the difference in internal chemical composition. ResultAfter being steamed， L*， b* and E*ab of CRP showed an overall decreasing trend， indicating that the color of the steamed products darkened and deepened from yellow to blue but still tended to be yellow， while a* showed an overall increasing trend， indicating that the color of the steamed products tended to red. A total of 24 peaks were identified in the fingerprint profiles of raw products and steamed products of CRP， and 13 of the main peaks were identified. The precision， stability and repeatability studies showed that compared with the reference peak （peak 14， hesperidin）， the relative standard deviations（RSDs） of the relative peak area and relative retention time of the remaining peaks were<3.0%.The results of chemometric statistical analysis showed that there were some differences between raw products and steamed products of CRP， and 7 main differential components were identified， among which 5-hydroxymaltol（peak 1） and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（peak 2） were the characteristic components of steamed products. The correlation analysis results showed that， in addition to the above two characteristic components， four components of peak 4， peak 10 （vicenin-2）， peak 23 （tangeretin） and peak 24 （5-demethylnobiletin） also correlated significantly with the color change （E*ab） of the samples （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBefore and after steaming， not only the chemical composition changes， but also the color. Comparing the characteristic peaks of chemical composition difference and color difference before and after steaming of CRP， it is found that 5-hydroxymaltol， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and peak 4 are common characteristic difference components， which can provide a reference for establishing the characteristic quality control method of steamed products， and quickly evaluating the quality difference between raw products and steamed products of CRP.

Simultaneous determination of 4 major components in semen cassiae obtusifoline by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 4 major components in semen cassiae obtusifoline and provide valuable data for quality control of semen cassiae obtusifoline.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Kromasil 100-5 C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). Eluted with water: acetonitrile: tetramethylene oxide: glacial acetic acid (100: 23: 5:1). Detecte at 278 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four compositions were separated well. Good linearies were obtained within the range of 0.274-1.37 microg, 0.153-0.765 microg, 0.302-1.51 microg and 0.052-0.26 microg for rubrofusarin gentiobioside, casside, aurantio-obtusin-6-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside, casside B respectively. The average recoveries were 100.9% (RSD 1.8%),101.2% (RSD 1.2%), 99.40% (RSD 2.2%), 100.5% (RSD 1.6%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is accurate, reliable and convenient. It can be used to control the quality of semen cassiae obtusifoline and its products.</p>

Study on feasibility of cutting process of fresh Angelica sinensis Radix / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on the feasibility of cutting process of fresh Angelica sinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis methods were used to evaluate the quality of different cutting processed A. sinensis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of ligustilide and ferulic acid in the fresh cutting processed were both lower than the traditional cutting process, and the similarity of fingerprints of two different cutting processed A. sinensis were basically above 90%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of cutting process of fresh A. sinensis was not suitable apparently, and the effect on clinical application of these two different cutting processed A. sinensis need more study.</p>

Determination of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan in Daemonorops draco by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for the determination of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan in Daemrnonorops draco by HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Dikma Diamonsil C15 column(4. 6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of (60:40). The temperature of column was 30 degrees C. The flow rate was 1:0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was at 210 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curve was in good linearity with in the range from 0.01 to 0.10 microg (r = 0.9999). The average recovery was 100.1% (n=6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, rapid, as well as precise and reliable, and can be used for the determination of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan in D. draco.</p>

Incision concrescence of a nano-sized hydroxyapatite-zirconia bioceramical scalpel / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite is a kind of ideal orthopedic material, but its Iow strength and brittleness need to improve. The research suggested that the improvement of the toughness and strength of bioceramics which composite hydroxyapatite (HAP) and zirconia (3% mol yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia) and fabricated ceramic scalpel possesses of the wound recover faster with smaller side. So it is significant that research on the incision concrescence of nano-sized hydroxyapatite-zirconia bioceramical scalpel.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of incision using nano-sized HAP-TZP bioceramics as scalpel.DESIGN: A single sample study.SETTING: Second Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and Harbin Institute of Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Provincial Laboratory) from March to May 2006. A total of 54 SD rats, of 4 months old, weighing 120-180 g, of both genders, were selected in this study. The experiment materials included nano-sized hydroxyapatite Quartz Clock Company), ammonia (Suihua Chemical Reagent Company), and anhydrous ethanol (Tianjin Chemical Reagent Company).METHODS: The nano-sized Hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite powder was synthesis by rubbing according to 40% hydroxyapatite + 60% zirconia powders (mass ratio) were mixed and milled. The knife-edge biomaterials, which fabricated by hot pressed sintering, was grinding and used in incision experiment after autoclaving. The back of the rats was shaved and removing a patch of skin under ether anesthesia made a length of 2 cm open excision wound and stitched up the tear by 1# string. The each 18 rats were sacrificed on 3, 7 and 14 days post-wounding and used for analyses respectively. A full-thickness specimen containing the wound was dissected out from each of the surgical sites. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was applied in the pathological observation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The tissue sections of back and the results of pathological observation. RESULTS: All 54 rats were involved in the results analysis without any loss. There was long gap with minimal cellular reaction in the scalpel wounds that has not healed on day 3. There was inflamed cells infiltration at the wounded margin edge. By week 1, the tiny detritus which some of them appear the repaired response of epidermis rend were still obviously found in the area of the scalpel wounds where the detritus was found to be significantly less, the wounds changed smooth and started to heal. The optical microscopy observed indicated that there was incomplete epithelialization and hyalinization of dermal collagen at the wounded area. There were obvious inflamed cells to infiltrate in the margin subcutaneous tissue of the wounds where the newborn loose collagenous fibers filled in scalpel wounds was the tissue repairing response phase. There was a great deal of the infiltrated white blood cells in the subcutaneous tissue. The tiny detritus of epidermis by the optical microscopy observed rend could not be found in the area of the scalpel wounds which were healed by week 2. The newborn capillary nets appeared in the newborn repaired collagen fibers tissue. The inflamed cells to be infiltrated were reduced. The compact and strong collagenous fibers filled in scalpel wounds were the normal wound repairing and tissue. The white blood cells infiltrated obvious reduction in the subcutaneous tissue. The normal blood cells in the newborn capillaries could be seen. CONCLUSION: The experiments prove that a HAP-ZTP bioceramic scalpel, which possesses excellent bioactive, is nontoxic, nonallergenic and noncarcinogenic for incisions.