Significance of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone in immunosuppressive therapy for children with severe aplastic anemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the association between paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clone and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in children with severe aplastic anemia (SAA).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 151 children with SAA who were admitted and received IST from January 2012 to May 2020. According to the status of PNH clone, these children were divided into a negative PNH clone group (n=135) and a positive PNH clone group (n=16). Propensity score matching was used to balance the confounding factors, and the impact of PNH clone on the therapeutic effect of IST was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The children with positive PNH clone accounted for 10.6% (16/151), and the median granulocyte clone size was 1.8%. The children with positive PNH clone had an older age and a higher reticulocyte count at diagnosis (P<0.05). After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in baseline features between the negative PNH clone and positive PNH clone groups (P>0.05). The positive PNH clone group had a significantly lower overall response rate than the negative PNH clone group at 6, 12, and 24 months after IST (P<0.05). The evolution of PNH clone was heterogeneous after IST, and the children with PNH clone showed an increase in the 3-year cumulative incidence rate of aplastic anemia-PNH syndrome (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SAA children with positive PNH clone at diagnosis tend to have poor response to IST and are more likely to develop aplastic anemia-PNH syndrome.

Pancreatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A report of four cases and literature review / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological features, prognosis and genes mutations of pancreatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. METHODS: Four cases of pancreatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors were analyzed retrospectively. The cases were diagnosed in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from May 2010 to October 2018. PubMed and main domestic databases were searched to retrieve the domestic and foreign literatures for literature review. RESULTS: Including our 4 cases, 59 cases were reported, with 30 males and 29 females. The most common initial symptoms were abdominal pain or discomfort(38 cases, 64.4%), abdominal mass(10 cases, 16.9%) or health examination finds(11 cases, 18.7%). A total of 53 cases were composed of complete imaging and histological type data. CT examination showed that the tumors were more uneven and low-density shadow, with solid-cystic(21 cases,39.7%), solid(20 cases, 37.7%) or cystic(12 cases, 22.6%). The most common histological types were spindle cell type(44 cases, 83.0%), mixed type(7 cases, 13.2%) or epithelioid cell type(2 cases, 3.8%). The rates of 5-year overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) were 79.7% and 39.3% respectively. By univariate and multivariate analysis, the main indicator for adverse outcome was mitoses >5/50 HPF(P5/50 HPF is an independent influencing factor of prognosis.Usually, the size of tumor is large and risk is high. C-kit gene mutations are common.

Myricetin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation by anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation effect

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of myricetin on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Methods: The DIC model was established by injection of 60 mg/kg LPS in KM mice, and the treatment groups were injected myricetin with different concentrations (25 or 50 mg/kg) 30 min before the model was established. Both coagulation indicators and organ function were tested, including PT, APTT, fibrinogen, AST, ALT, BUN and tissue section. In vitro, the inflammatory model of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were established by 10 μg/mL LPS. The treatment group was treated with 50 μmol/mL myricetin for 30 min before LPS, and the expression of TNF-α and p-NF-κB was detected, further to explore the therapeutic mechanism. Results: LPS-induced DIC led to a reduction of fibrinogen and a rise of PT, APTT, AST, ALT, BUN levels, but the treatment of myricetin significantly inhibited these abnormalities. Histopathology analysis also revealed that myricetin remarkably protected the liver and renal damage. In vitro, the expression of TNF-α and p-NF-κB induced by LPS was repressed by myricetin. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the protective effects of myricetin in LPS-induced DIC by anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory via suppressing the activation of p-NF-κB which decreased TNF-α level.

Chloride channel involved in the regulation of curcumin-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer cells

Objective: To investigate the role of ClC-3 chloride channel in the proliferation of breast cancer cell line Mcf-7 treated with curcumin and its specific mechanism. Methods: MTT assay was used to detect the effect of chloride channel blocker (DIDS) and curcumin on Mcf-7 and human normal cell viability. Patch-clamp technique was used to determine the current density before and after drug treatment. Apoptosis assay by flow cytometry was performed for further examination of cell apoptosis. Results: Curcumin had toxicity on Mcf-7 and HUVEC cells and DIDS reduced the survival rate of Mcf-7 cells by inhibiting proliferation. Curcumin could activate the chloride ion current on MCF-7 cell membrane, which would be inhibited by DIDS. Finally, curcumin in low concentration combined with DIDS could significantly promote the MCF-7 cells apoptosis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ClC-3 protein is involved in the regulation of curcumin induced proliferation inhibiting in breast cancer cells through inducing cell apoptosis. ClC-3 may be a potential target of tumor therapy.

Myricetin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation by anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation effect

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of myricetin on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Methods:The DIC model was established by injection of 60 mg/kg LPS in KM mice, and the treatment groups were injected myricetin with different concentrations (25 or 50 mg/kg) 30 min before the model was established. Both coagulation indicators and organ function were tested, including PT, APTT, fibrinogen, AST, ALT, BUN and tissue section. In vitro, the inflammatory model of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were established by 10 μg/mL LPS. The treatment group was treated with 50 μmol/mL myricetin for 30 min before LPS, and the expression of TNF-α and p-NF-κB was detected, further to explore the therapeutic mechanism.Results:LPS-induced DIC led to a reduction of fibrinogen and a rise of PT, APTT, AST, ALT, BUN levels, but the treatment of myricetin significantly inhibited these abnormalities. Histopathology analysis also revealed that myricetin remarkably protected the liver and renal damage. In vitro, the expression of TNF-α and p-NF-κB induced by LPS was repressed by myricetin.Conclusions:This study provides new insights into the protective effects of myricetin in LPS-induced DIC by anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory via suppressing the activation of p-NF-κB which decreased TNF-α level.

Chloride channel involved in the regulation of curcumin-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer cells

Objective:To investigate the role of ClC-3 chloride channel in the proliferation of breast cancer cell line Mcf-7 treated with curcumin and its specific mechanism.Methods:MTT assay was used to detect the effect of chloride channel blocker (DIDS) and curcumin on Mcf-7 and human normal cell viability. Patch-clamp technique was used to determine the current density before and after drug treatment. Apoptosis assay by flow cytometry was performed for further examination of cell apoptosis.Results:Curcumin had toxicity on Mcf-7 and HUVEC cells and DIDS reduced the survival rate of Mcf-7 cells by inhibiting proliferation. Curcumin could activate the chloride ion current on MCF-7 cell membrane, which would be inhibited by DIDS. Finally, curcumin in low concentration combined with DIDS could significantly promote the MCF-7 cells apoptosis.Conclusions:Our results suggest that ClC-3 protein is involved in the regulation of curcumin induced proliferation inhibiting in breast cancer cells through inducing cell apoptosis. ClC-3 may be a potential target of tumor therapy.

Inhibitor tolerance of a recombinant flocculating industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain during glucose and xylose co-fermentation

ABSTRACT Lignocellulose-derived inhibitors have negative effects on the ethanol fermentation capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, the effects of eight typical inhibitors, including weak acids, furans, and phenols, on glucose and xylose co-fermentation of the recombinant xylose-fermenting flocculating industrial S. cerevisiae strain NAPX37 were evaluated by batch fermentation. Inhibition on glucose fermentation, not that on xylose fermentation, correlated with delayed cell growth. The weak acids and the phenols showed additive effects. The effect of inhibitors on glucose fermentation was as follows (from strongest to weakest): vanillin > phenol > syringaldehyde > 5-HMF > furfural > levulinic acid > acetic acid > formic acid. The effect of inhibitors on xylose fermentation was as follows (from strongest to weakest): phenol > vanillin > syringaldehyde > furfural > 5-HMF > formic acid > levulinic acid > acetic acid. The NAPX37 strain showed substantial tolerance to typical inhibitors and showed good fermentation characteristics, when a medium with inhibitor cocktail or rape straw hydrolysate was used. This research provides important clues for inhibitors tolerance of recombinant industrial xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae.

A preliminary analysis of changes in composition of intestinal microbiota during infancy using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the composition of bacteria in the stools of infants and the colonization of intestinal microbiota during infancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fresh stools were collected from 15 healthy infants at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 28 days and 3, 6, and 12 months after birth. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyze the composition of intestinal microbiota, perform sequencing of dominant bacteria, and to analyze the changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota during infancy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DGGE fingerprint showed that the composition of intestinal microbiota during infancy changed significantly over time after birth. The cloning and sequencing results indicated that Proteobacteria colonized the earliest, mainly the obligate aerobes Enterobacter and Pseudomonas, followed by the obligate anaerobes (Clostridium hathewayi and Veillonella parvula) and the facultative anaerobe Clostridium ramosum in Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia. Actinobacteria colonized the latest, mainly Bifidobacterium, and gradually became dominant bacteria.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>During infancy, obligate aerobes colonize the intestinal tract the earliest, followed by obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes. Proteobacteria colonizes the earliest, followed by Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, mainly Bifidobacterium, colonizes the latest.</p>

The 2015 China Adult Tobacco Survey: exposure to second-hand smoke among adults aged 15 and above and their support to policy on banning smoking in public places / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the situation on exposure to second-hand smoke among Chinese adults aged 15 and above and their support to policy on banning smoking in public places in 2015.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted based on the protocol on Global Adult Tobacco Survey.Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 16 800 households in China.Data were collected through household survey,using the electronic devices.One eligible respondent was selected by random sampling in each household.Standardized questionnaire was used from Global Tobacco Surveillance System.Data were weighted and analyzed by SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN 10.0.1 complex survey data analysis program.Results 93.1％ (60 128 × 103/64 575 × 103),76.3％(455 473 × 103/596 782 × 103),57.1％ (621 793 × 103/1 089 582 × 103),54.3％ (218 792 × 103/402 732 × 103),38.1％ (61 208 × 103/160 574 × 103),26.9％ (119 783 × 103/444 679 × 103),23.8％(17 598 × 103/73 993 × 103),17.2％ (41 099 × 103/239 022 × 103) and 16.4％ (102 153 × 103/623 015 ×103) of the respondents reported that smoking did exsit in the following places as:inside of bars or night clubs,in the restaurants,households homes,working places,government buildings,health care facilities,universities,primary and high schools (both indoor and outdoor areas),and on public transportation,respectively.Compared with those data in 2010,the proportions of exposure to indoor areas of restaurants,government buildings,health care facilities,primary and high schools (both indoor and outdoor areas),public transportation,and homes all significantly decreased after standardization of data.Results also showed that most respondents were supportive to the policy on banning smoking in public and working places.However,the proportions of exposure to indoor areas of restaurants were still high but almost 70％ of the respondents thought smoking should not be allowed in indoor areas of restaurants.Conclusion From 2010 to 2015,proportions of exposure to indoor areas of public places,working places,public transportation and homes were obviously declining in China.The Chinese public seemed supportive to the policy on banning smoking in public places.

The 2015 China Adult Tobacco Survey: exposure to second-hand smoke among adults aged 15 and above and their support to policy on banning smoking in public places / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the situation on exposure to second-hand smoke among Chinese adults aged 15 and above and their support to policy on banning smoking in public places in 2015.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted based on the protocol on Global Adult Tobacco Survey.Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 16 800 households in China.Data were collected through household survey,using the electronic devices.One eligible respondent was selected by random sampling in each household.Standardized questionnaire was used from Global Tobacco Surveillance System.Data were weighted and analyzed by SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN 10.0.1 complex survey data analysis program.Results 93.1％ (60 128 × 103/64 575 × 103),76.3％(455 473 × 103/596 782 × 103),57.1％ (621 793 × 103/1 089 582 × 103),54.3％ (218 792 × 103/402 732 × 103),38.1％ (61 208 × 103/160 574 × 103),26.9％ (119 783 × 103/444 679 × 103),23.8％(17 598 × 103/73 993 × 103),17.2％ (41 099 × 103/239 022 × 103) and 16.4％ (102 153 × 103/623 015 ×103) of the respondents reported that smoking did exsit in the following places as:inside of bars or night clubs,in the restaurants,households homes,working places,government buildings,health care facilities,universities,primary and high schools (both indoor and outdoor areas),and on public transportation,respectively.Compared with those data in 2010,the proportions of exposure to indoor areas of restaurants,government buildings,health care facilities,primary and high schools (both indoor and outdoor areas),public transportation,and homes all significantly decreased after standardization of data.Results also showed that most respondents were supportive to the policy on banning smoking in public and working places.However,the proportions of exposure to indoor areas of restaurants were still high but almost 70％ of the respondents thought smoking should not be allowed in indoor areas of restaurants.Conclusion From 2010 to 2015,proportions of exposure to indoor areas of public places,working places,public transportation and homes were obviously declining in China.The Chinese public seemed supportive to the policy on banning smoking in public places.

Changes in platelet GPIbα and ADAM17 during the acute stage of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke among Chinese / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Glycoprotein (GP) Ibα ectodomain shedding has important implications for thrombosis and hemostasis. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) was identified to play an essential role in agonist induced GPIbα shedding. The relationship of GPIbα shedding and ADAM17 in the acute stage of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (AIS) patients has not been thoroughly studied. A total of 306 patients and 230 controls matched for age, sex, race, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study. GPIbα, ADAM17, glycocalicin were detected by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Compared with the control group, the expression of GPIbα in patients with acute ischemic stroke was significantly lower (P=0.000, P<0.01). Plasma glycocalicin and ADAM17 in AIS group were higher than those in control group (P=0.699, P=0.000). Pearson's analysis showed glycocalicin bore no correlation with GPIbα in AIS patients (r=0.095, P>0.05). GPIbα and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) had negative correlation (r=-0.514, P<0.01). Our findings indicate that ADAM17 may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke in Chinese and the expression of GPIbα can serve as a measure for stroke severity.

Changes in platelet GPIbα and ADAM17 during the acute stage of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke among Chinese / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Glycoprotein (GP) Ibα ectodomain shedding has important implications for thrombosis and hemostasis. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) was identified to play an essential role in agonist induced GPIbα shedding. The relationship of GPIbα shedding and ADAM17 in the acute stage of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (AIS) patients has not been thoroughly studied. A total of 306 patients and 230 controls matched for age, sex, race, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study. GPIbα, ADAM17, glycocalicin were detected by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Compared with the control group, the expression of GPIbα in patients with acute ischemic stroke was significantly lower (P=0.000, P0.05). GPIbα and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) had negative correlation (r=-0.514, P<0.01). Our findings indicate that ADAM17 may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke in Chinese and the expression of GPIbα can serve as a measure for stroke severity.

Effect of morphine postconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effects of morphine postconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)injury and the potential mechanisms in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Group 1 (Sham), Group 2 (I/R), Group 3 (ischemic postconditioning), Group 4 (ischemia and morphine postconditioning). Group 1 was perfused for 160 min; Group 2 underwent 40 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion; Group 3 underwent three cycles of 30 s reperfusion and 30 s left anterior descending coronary artery re-occlusion immediately after 40 min ischemia and before 120 min reperfusion; Group 4 was given morphine 1.0 mg/kg immediately after 40 min ischemia in 1 min and before 120 min reperfusion. Blood samples were taken from arterial line at 20 min before occlusion, 20 min after occlusion, 40 min after occlusion, 1 h after reperfusion and 2 h after reperfusion for determination of the plasma levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). At the end of the reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk were defined by Evans and TTC staining. Plasma SOD activity and MDA were determined at the end of reperfusion.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The levels of cTnI were significantly lower during reperfusion in the two postconditioning groups than those in I/R group. The plasma MDA content was significantly lower and SOD activity was significantly higher in the two postconditioning groups than those in I/R group, but there was no difference between two postconditioning groups. Morphine significantly reduced infarct size of the left ventricular area at risk as compared with I/R group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Morphine postconditioning is as effective as ischemic postconditioning in the protection of myocardium against I/R injury in rabbits. Decrease in oxygen free radicals and increased antioxidant activity might be involved in its mechanism.</p>

Intratumor bleomycin-A5 injection under electrolaryngoscope for treatment of large laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangioma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effect of bleomycin-A5 injection under eletrolaryngoscope for treatment of large laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Intratumor bleomycin-A5 injection under eletrolaryngoscope was performed in 18 cases of large laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangioma with surface anaesthesia, for totally 7 to 14 (mean 10.2) injections in each case.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve patients were cured and 6 showed obvious improvement. Follow-up of the patients for over one year found no recurrence of the hemangioma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bleomycin-A5 injection is a minimal invasive procedure for treatment of large laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangioma, causing less pain and better preserving the laryngeal function without the necessity of tracheotomy.</p>

Glottic measurement and vocal evaluation after three surgical techniques in the treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate postoperative glottic area and vocal quality of three various surgical techniques for treating bilateral vocal cord paralysis, including laser arytenoidectomy (Group A, 24 cases), reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle by phrenic nerve (Group B, 9 cases) and arytenoidectomy accompanying lateral cordopexy by extralaryngeal approach (Woodman's procedure, Group C, 13 cases).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>46 cases suffered from bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were included in our study. The pre-postoperative glottic measurement and vocal acoustic parameters were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The decannulated cases in group A and group B and group C were 22, 8, 13 respectively. The post-operative mean maximal glottic area was (47.2 +/- 7.4) mm2, (78.3 +/- 16.0) mm2, (48.1 +/- 6.5) mm2 respectively. Group B cases glottic area was larger than that of group A and group C (t value were 4.46 and 3.85, P value were 0.000 and 0.001). No significant difference was found between group A and group C (t = 1.68, P = 0.101). After surgery, in group A, 17 cases voice quality was the same compared with that of before surgery, and 7 cases voice quality had become worse; In group B, the voice quality had become better in 5 cases, completely recovered in 1 case, and had not change in 3 cases; In group C, the voice quality had become deteriorated in 10 cases and no change in 3 cases. And in group B, ipsilateral diaphragm paralysis in 9 cases after surgery, whose vital capacity and forced vital capacity had decreased to 72%-84%, 76%-84% of that before the surgery respectively; and the diaphragm mobility had recovered by 35%-76% respectively, while vital capacity and forced vital capacity had become 93%-97%, 91%-98% of that before the surgery. In Group B, all cases' pulmonary function was normal half a year postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle by phrenic nerve seems to be best procedure with better post-operative voice and larger glottic area. Although the sufficient airway for decannulation can be acquired in Group A and Group C, but most of patients in Group A had pre-operative vocal level and badly abnormal in Group C.</p>

Correlation between serum alpha-fetoprotein variant levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and the presence of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in the circulating blood / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) variant levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cancer cells disseminating through blood.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum AFP variant levels were measured by crossed immunoaffino-electrophoresis in the presence of lectin before initial surgical treatment in HCC patients. Circulating tumor cells were simultaneously detected in pre-operative blood samples using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for AFP mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-six HCC patients with serum AFP positive were studied. Serum AFP variant level > or 20% was showed in 37 patients, among whom there were 22 (59.5%) showing AFP mRNA positive. In contrast, the positive AFP mRNA expression was only observed in 2 out of 9 patients (22.2%) with AFP variant level<20% (x(2)=4.02, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In hepatocellular carcinoma patients, increased AFP variant levels are associated with a haematogenous spread of tumor cells.</p>