Expression and Prognostic Value of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in Pancreatic Cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme for tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway, exhibits an immunosuppressive effect and induces immune tolerance in tumor cells. The effects of IDO on pancreatic cancer are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of IDO in pancreatic cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We evaluated the protein expression of IDO in PANC-1, CFPAC-1, and BxPC-3 cell lines with or without 48 h treatment by 500 U/ml interferon-γ (IFN-γ). We performed immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis for IDO expression in both pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas tissues obtained from Chinese PLA General Hospital from July 2012 to December 2013. Survival analysis was performed to correlate IDO expression and histopathologic parameters with overall survival. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model were conducted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PANC-1, CFPAC-1, and BxPC-3 cell lines expressed IDO at the protein level, and the relative expression amount increased after stimulation with 500 U/ml IFN-γ. Immunohistochemical analysis results revealed that high IDO expression was observed in 59% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Compared with normal pancreatic tissues, pancreatic adenocarcinoma showed significantly higher IDO expression levels, especially among patients with high tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages (χ2 = 4.550, P = 0.030), poor histological differentiation (χ2 = 5.690, P = 0.017), and lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 4.340 P = 0.037). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high IDO expression was correlated with low survival rates (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.49 P = 0.009). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model indicated that lymph node metastasis (HR = 0.35 P = 0.010) and IDO expression (HR = 0.42 P = 0.020) were two independent prognostic predictors of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The study confirmed that high IDO expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma was related to poor prognosis of patients. These findings provided evidence that IDO was involved in pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression and might serve as a relevant therapeutic target.</p>

A preliminary study of imaging paclitaxel-induced tumor apoptosis with (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>In tumors the process of apoptosis occurs over an interval of time after chemotherapy. It is important to determine the best time for detecting apoptosis by in vivo imaging. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics and feasibility of imaging non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) apoptosis induced by paclitaxel treatment using a (99)Tc(m)-labeled Annexin V recombinant with ten consecutive histidines (His10-Annexin V) in a mouse model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V was prepared by one step direct labeling; radio-chemical purity (RCP) and radio-stability was tested. The binding of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V to apoptotic cells was validated in vitro using camptothecin-induced Jurkat cells. In vivo bio-distribution was determined in mice by dissection. The human H460 NSCLC tumor cell line (H460) tumor-bearing mice were treated with intravenous paclitaxel 24, 48 and 72 hours later. (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V was injected intravenously, and planar images were acquired at 2, 4 and 6 hours post-injection on a dual-head gamma camera fitted with a pinhole collimator. Tumor-to-normal tissue ratios (T/NT) were calculated by ROI analysis and they reflected specific binding of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V. Mice were sacrificed after imaging. Caspase-3, as the apoptosis detector, was determined by flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by the terminal deoxynucleotidytransferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Nonspecific accumulation of protein was estimated using bovine serum albumin (BSA). The imaging data were correlated with TUNEL-positive nuclei and caspase-3 activity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V had a RCP > 98% and high stability 2 hours after radio-labeling, and it could bind to apoptotic cells with high affinity. Bio-distribution of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V showed predominant uptake in kidney, relatively low uptake in myocardium, liver and gastrointestinal tract, and rapid clearance from blood and kidney was observed. The T/NT was significantly increased after paclitaxel treatment, whereas it was low in untreated tumors (T/NT = 1.43 ± 0.18). The %ID/g activity in Group 2 (24 hours), Group 3 (48 hours) and Group 4 (72 hours) after treatment was 2.55 ± 0.73, 3.35 ± 1.10, and 3.4 ± 0.96, respectively. Whereas in the non-treated group, Group 1, %ID/g was 1.10 ± 0.18. The radiotracer uptake was positively correlated to the apoptotic index (r = 0.852, P < 0.01), as well as caspase-3 activity (r = 0.816, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study addresses the dynamics and feasibility of imaging non-small cell lung tumor apoptosis using (99)Tc(m)- His10-Annexin V.</p>

Preparation and evaluation of 99Tcm-(HYNIC-Lys3 -bombesin) (tricine) (TPPTS) for imaging the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To synthesize 99Tcm- (hydrazinonictinamide- [Lys3] -bombesin) (tricine)(trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3"-trisulfonate) ((HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS)) and evaluate its biodistribution and binding capability with tumor tissue in Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Methods HYNIC was conjugated to the [Lys3] -BBS at pH = 9.0 with SnCl2 as reducing agent and both tricine and TPPTS as coligands for 99Tcm-labeling. 99Tcm-HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) was purified by Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and was analysed by HPLC. The radiochemical purity and radiolabeling yield were measured. The stability of 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine)(TPPTS) in serum, biodistribution (% ID/g) in the normal mice and imaging of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo were studied. Results The radiolabeling yield was (90 ±2)% and the radiochemical purity was over 95%. The radiochemical purity after 4 h in serum was over 85%. The distribution in normal mice showed rapid clearance from blood (the uptake was (0.07 ±0.01) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS) was excreted mainly via the kidney with little radioactivity accumulation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract (the uptake of liver, stomach, intestine was (0.27 ±0.03), (0.06 ±0.03), (0.04 ±0.00) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). Marked uptake of radioactivity was found in tumor tissue of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer with maximum T/NT ratio of 3.71 ± 0.57 at 2 h postinjection. Conclusions 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) can be easily prepared with high radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity. The stability in serum and good biodistribution charateristics make it useful for the diagnosis of human pancreatic cancer with over-expression of the gastric-releasing peptide(GRP) receptor.

Implantation brachytherapy with 32P-chromic phosphate-poly (L-lactide) delayed-release particles for prostate cancer in nude mice / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of implantation brachytherapy with delayed-release particles of 32P-chromic phosphate-poly (L-lactide) (32P-CP-PLLA) on prostate cancer (PCa) in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We established a subcutaneous transplantable PCa model in nude mice, and randomly divided them into six groups, Groups A, B and C implanted intratumorally with 32P-CP-PLLA delayed-release particles at 3.7, 7.4 and 14.8 MBq, Groups D, E and F with 125I particles at the same doses as the former three, and another six nude mice were included in Group G as the blank control. Then we killed the mice at 21 days after the treatment, observed the effects of the particles on the morphology of the tumor and their inhibition of tumor growth, counted WBCs and platelets (PLTs) in the peripheral blood, and detected the toxic reaction of the blood.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 21 days after the treatment, the solid tumor tissues exhibited bleeding and necrotic changes, and the rates of tumor inhibition were positively correlated with the doses of administration. Groups A, B and C showed statistically significant differences from Groups D, E, F and G in the rate of tumor inhibition ([ 65.72 +/- 6.95]%, [77.58 +/- 4.32]% and [82.64 +/- 4.03]% versus [35.61 +/- 5.61]%, [43.30 +/- 6.94]% and [69.01 +/- 4.98]%), WBC count ([1.72 +/- 0.37] x 10(9)/L, [1.23 +/- 0.27] x 10(9)/L and [0.86 +/- 0.25] x 10(9)/L versus [1.45 +/- 0.40] x 10(9)/L, [0.51 +/- 0.24] x 10(9)/L, [0.37 +/- 0.26] x 10(9)/L and [3.96 +/- 0.26] x 10(9)/L), PLT count ([1.18 +/- 0.11] x 10(11)/L, [0.97 +/- 0.10] x 10(11)/L and [0.72 +/- 0.11] x 10(11)/L versus [0.97 +/- 0.15] x 10(11)/L, [0.76 +/- 0.16] x 10(11)/L, [0.64 +/- 0.12] x 10(11)/L and [2.89 +/- 0.21] x 10(11)/L) and body weight ([18.60 +/- 0.66] g, [17.60 +/- 0.39] g and [16.90 +/- 0.68] g versus [17.86 +/- 0.60] g, [15.56 +/- 0.39] g, [14.61 +/- 0.65] g and [19.95 +/- 0.73] g) (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intratumoral implantation of 32P-CP-PL-LA is a safe, simple and effective radionuclide interventional therapy for prostate cancer.</p>

Automatic synthesis of N-succinimidyl 4-18F-fluorobenzoate and its utility for 18F labeled C2A donain of synaptotagmin I / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To develop and optimize a module for the automatic production of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F] fluorobenzoate (18F-SFB) that is used for further 18F labelling C2A domain of Synaptotagmin Ⅰ . The conjugated compound was applied for detecting the tumor apoptosis in rabbit model after chemotherapy. Methods GE TRACERlab and TRACERlab FXF-N modules were modified and programmed to automatically produce 18 F-SFB which was further analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).C2A-glutathione S transferase (GST) was conjugated with 18F-SFB (18F-FB-C2A-GST) and subsequently purified by HPLC. Two rabbits grafted with VX2 lung cancer were first treated with chemotherapy and then,37 MBq of 18F-FB-C2A-GST was administered via the auricular vein. Serial PET/CT imagings were performed at 0.5, 1 and 2 h post-injection respectively. Tumor apoptosis was examined by pathological study. Results The TRACERlab FXFoG and TRACERlab FXF-N modules were successfully adapted to synthesize18F-SFB, with the radiochenmical yield (76.41 ±4.00)% (n = 10), the corrected yield (45.43 ±5.90 ) % and the radiochemical purity about 95%. The whole procedure for labeling 18 F-SFB was about 87 min.From PET/CT imagings, significant uptake was found in the tumor after chemotherapy, but no obvious up-take was found in heart, lungs and liver. HE staining demonstrated large number of apoptotic bodies within the tumor tissues. Conclusions 18 F-SFB can be automatically synthesized. 18F-FB-C2A-GST might be useful for the detection of apoptosis in tumor after chemotherapy.

The experimental study on anti-tumor effect of 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide in nude mice bearing human non-small cell lung cancer / 中华核医学杂志

Objective Radionuclide-labeled low molecular weight polypeptide is reeently advocated for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide in nude mice bearing human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide was prepared by Ch-T method. The radiochemical purity was measured and biodistribution was evaluated. The nude mice models bearing human NSCLC were studied and divided into four groups: group A injected 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide through tail vein, group B injected normal saline, group C injected 131Ⅰ-Tyroctreotide through stroma and group D injected 131Ⅰ through stroma. The radioactivity ratio of tumor to normal tissue (T/NT) was calculated over region of interest (ROI). The tumor cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotion nick end labeling (TUNEL) and histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.0, and the comparison for difference between groups performed with one-way ANOVA analysis. Results The labeled radiochemical purity was (95.23±1.67)% and specific activity of 3.5×106Bq/ug. The biodistributiou showed high uptake in kidney, and low uptake in liver and spleen. The radioactive uptake in group C was higher than the other groups, and the retention time was longer. The T/NT was 52.74±0.13 after 24 h, which was much higher than that the other groups (group D: 8.90±0.23, group A: 6.42±0.02, q=628.81 and 664.33, all P<0.05). The resuits of tmnor cell cycle determined by FCM showed that the G1 phase was blocked mast remarkably in group C than the other groups [group C: (83.17±6.86)%, group A: (57.02±18.81)%, group D: (49.29±7.80)%, group B: (45.88±5.13)%, q=5.29, 6.86, 7.55, 1.56, 2.26, 0.69, all P<0.05]. Apeptotic cells were observed by TUNEL, and apoptotic body was detected by immuno-histochemical examination. Conclusions 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide was easily labeled by Ch-T. 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide could induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit the tumor cell of NSCLC. It might be a potential target-directed agent in NSCLC.

Epidermal growth factor up-regulates the mRNA expression of endothelin-1 and its receptors in prostate cancer PC-3 cell lines / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of the epidermal growth factor on the mRNA expression of endothelin-1 and its receptors (ET(A)R, ET(B)R) in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) PC-3 cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PC-3 cells were cultured in vitro. After the treatment with EGF, the mRNA expressions of endothelin-1, ET(A)R and ET(B)R were detected by RT-PCR in PC-3 cell lines. The levels of the mRNA expression of endothelin-1 and its receptors were examined at different time points by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of endothelin-1 and ET(A)R mRNA but not the mRNA expression of ET(B)R was observed in PC-3 cell lines. After 24 hours of treatment with EGF, the expressions of endothelin-1 and ET(A)R in PC-3 cell lines were both up-regulated and there was significant difference (P < 0.05) between the experimental and control groups. Different expression levels of endothelin-1 and ET(A)R mRNA were noted at different time points of EGF intervention, up-regulated with the increase of treatment time, and with significant difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGF can up-regulate the mRNA expressions of endothelin-1 and ET(A)R in PC-3 cell lines and play a great role in prostate cancer progression, which may offer a substructure of molecular biology for the treatment of HRPC.</p>

Noninvasive detection of experimental vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with 99Tc m labeled C2A domain of synaptotagmin I / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>(99)Tc(m) labeled C2A domain of synaptotagmin I ((99)Tc(m)-Syt I-C2A) is used for noninvasive detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombinant C2A domain of synaptotagmin I, overexpressed in E. Coli, was thiolated with 2-iminothiolane (2-IT) and labeled with (99)Tc(m). Atherosclerotic plaques were produced in 5 rabbits by deendothelialization of the abdominal aorta and the rabbits were fed with cholesterol diet for 3 months. Three rabbits not manipulated served as normal controls. All animals were injected with (99)Tc(m)-Syt I-C2A and underwent in vivo imaging thereafter. Aortas were then explanted for ex vivo imaging and histological characterization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In deendothelialized animals, intense radio-uptake in abdominal aorta, showed by gamma camera at 2 h after injection, was visualized and T/B was 3.25 +/- 0.51 by ROI measurement, quantitative uptake ratio of abdominal aortas with atherosclerotic lesions to thoracic aortas was 8.39 +/- 1.74 in ex vivo imaging. The mean uptake in specimens of abdominal aortas with lesions was 12.6-fold higher than in control abdominal aortas, and 10.2-fold higher than in thoracic aortas of deendothelialized animals by gamma-counter.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(99)Tc(m)-Syt I-C2A has a high affinity for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and is a suitable a gent for the noninvasive detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.</p>

Technetium-99m labeled synaptotagmin I C2A detection of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 99mTc-labeled C2A probe in detection of apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells after chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Imaging studies were performed in NSCLC H460-bearing mice. The mice were divided into 2 groups: the paclitaxel-treated group and control group. 99mTc-C2A was injected intravenously at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after chemotherapy. Images were acquired at 3 h and 6 h after injection using a pinhole collimator. The regions of interest (ROI) were drawn in tumor area and contralateral nomal tissue, and the ratio of T/NT were caculated. The tumor sections were stained by HE and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-nick-end labeling) staining to confirm the presence of apoptosis. Activated caspase-3 was also analyzed with flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Little uptake of 99mTc-C2A was found in baseline images, but tumor uptake increased very much after chemotherapy, the T/NT ratio was 1.79 +/- 0.34, 2.23 +/- 0.33 and 2.78 +/- 0.34, respectively. The T/NT ratio of control was 1.48 +/- 0.23. Tumor uptake (% ID/g) of 99mTc-C2A in chemotherapy groups were 2.82 +/- 0.90, 3.13 +/- 0.48 and 3.52 +/- 1.18, respectively. Tumor uptake (% ID/g) in the control group was 1.21 +/- 0.51. It in paclitaxel-treatment groups were 2.82 +/- 0.90, 3.13 +/- 0.48 and 3.51 +/- 1.18, respectively, significantly higher than that in untreated mice. Furthermore, the uptake of 99mTc-C2A correlated well with apoptotic index (r = 0.56, P < 0.01), and activated caspase-3 (r = 0.59, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our preliminary results demonstrated that 99mTc-C2A imaging in vivo for detection of cell death in solid tumors is feasible and well correlated with TUNEL staining and activated caspase-3. The C2A holds promise and warrants further development as a molecular probe to early predict cancer treatment efficacy.</p>

Advances in researches on the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism and prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been regarded as the third generation of heredity markers with many marked characteristics. It has been developed many new experimental techniques for detecting SNP in recent years, such as TaqMan probe technique, gene chip technique, denaturing high performance liquid chromatograph, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time off light mass spectrometry and minisequencing technique. Great progress has been made in researches on human tumors with SNP as heredity markers. This article reviews the genes and SNP related to the development of prostate cancer, including prostate specific antigen response component, enzymes, hormones and their receptors, cell cycle regulating protein, cytokines, adhesion molecules, vitamins and so on, and aims to explore the possible mechanism of the disease.

Expression of somatostatin receptor reporter gene and its correlation with targeted imaging in vivo for detection of pancreas carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of (99 m)Tc-sandostatin scintigraphy in targeted diagnosis of pancreas carcinoma and the correlation with expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) reporter gene in tumor tissue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nude mice bearing human pancreas carcinoma xenograft were established in advance. (99 m)Tc-sandostatin imaging was performed in 18 nude mice and tumor to normal tissue ratio (T/NT) was calculated. mRNA expression of SSTR1, SSTR2 and SSTR5 in tumor tissue was detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of 18 nude mice, 13 mice showed intense uptake of (99 m)Tc-sandostatin. Six hours after (99 m)Tc-sandostatin administration, the T/NT ratio was 2.53 +/- 0.84. Five mice showed negative findings, and the T/NT ratio was 1.04 +/- 0.06. Positive correlations were obtained between the T/NT ratio and the expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 mRNA, especially SSTR2 (r = 0.807, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High expression of SSTR1, SSTR2 and SSTR5 mRNA were found in human pancreas tumor xenograft in nude mice, especially SSTR2. There is a significant correlation between the tumor uptake of (99 m)Tc-sandostatin and SSTR2 mRNA level. This approach may allow SSTR-targeted diagnosis and therapy of human pancreas cancer.</p>

Detection and clinical significance of phospholipase A2 in semen of male infertile patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To explore the clinical application of anti-human seminal plasma phospholipase A2 (PLA2) monoclonal antibody (McAb) for male infertility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), immunocytochemistry(ICC), as well as flow cytometry (FCM) analysis were established using two strains anti-human seminal plasma PLA2 McAb prepared by our laboratory to detect the PLA2 content in human seminal plasma and the anterior head region of spermatozoa, respectively. Then the PLA2 content in male infertile patients were compared with that in normal control with fertility. The seminal routine analysis was performed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PLA2 content of infertile groups were (31.13 +/- 14.49) ng/ml in azoospermic patients, (17.71 +/- 12.45) ng/ml in oligospermic patients and (16.46 +/- 11.31) ng/ml in patients with normal sperm density, which were all higher than that of normal controls [(8.09 +/- 3.15) ng/ml, P < 0.01]; There was significantly negative correlation between PLA2 content in seminal plasma and sperm density(r = -0.602, P < 0.05), while there was insignificant correlation between PLA2 and sperm motility or percentage of motility. The PLA2 content in the anterior head region of spermatozoon of male infertile groups was significantly lower than that of normal controls by ICC and FCM(P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PLA2 in human seminal plasma is closely related to male fertility, and the PLA2 deficiency in the head of spermatozoa may be one of the reasons causing male infertility. The methods detecting PLA2 content in seminal plasma and the head of spermatozoa can provide powerful evidences for exploring the mechanism of male infertility.</p>

Construction and identification for cell strain of anti-human seminal plasma phospholipase A2 monoclonal antibody / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To establish and evaluate the anti-human seminal plasma phospholipase A2 (PLA2) monoclonal antibody (McAb).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After having been separated and purified from human seminal plasma by PEG precipitation, Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography and HA column chromatography, PLA2 was regarded as an antigen to immune BALB/C mouse to produce anti-human seminal plasma PLA2 McAb. The PLA2 McAb sensitivity and specificity were performed by ELISA technique and Western-blot analysis, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The molecular weight of PLA2 depurated with 245 fold purification from human seminal plasma was about 34,900, while the sensitivity and typing of its McAb were 1:5(6)-1:5(8) and IgM (kappa) with a satisfied Western-Blot results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The PLA2, which had not been reported in international and domestic papers, may be a new type of PLA2. The establish of its McAb will provide significant tools for the research of the relationship between PLA2 in human seminal plasma and male fertility.</p>