Survey of patterns and habit of food among GirJ teenage in kiar school

Introduction and Aims: Adolescence is the most important stage in life for establishing dietary pattern and habits. There is little evidence on adolescent dietary patterns and habits

The aim of this study was to determine food patterns among keiar girl adolescents

Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 300 girl adolescents aged 11-15, were assessed. Dietary intakes were evaluated by a questionnaire

Results: The results showed that 87.3 percent of students used to go to school with breakfast and 12.7 percent go without. In addition, 86.6 percent of the students used to eat snack. Based on this food pattern, we found that consumption of food groups like proteins, fruits and nuts was insufficient

Conclusion: Based on this food consumption pattern, we need to design extensive education programs for improving the parents and teacher's knowledge, point of view and behavioral patterns

[Effect of telephone counseling on continuity and duration of breastfeeding among primiparus women]

Breast milk provides many healthy nutrients to infants. Support provided by health care provider has positive effects on duration of breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of telephone counseling on continuity and duration of breastfeeding among primiparus women. This clinical trial was conducted on 140 primiparus women referred to the selected health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2010. The participants were randlomly allocated into two equal groups [each: 70 indviduals]. The participants in the intervention group received telephone counseling by one of the researchers. The control group received routine care. Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and a breastfeeding check list. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were recorded one and three months after childbirth in both groups. Also, the continuity and duration of exclusive breastfeeding were recored three months after childbirth in both groups. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, standard logistic regression and linear regression in the SPSS-16 and the Win Pepi. The average duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group [8.05 +/- 3.99] was significantly more than the control group [6.23 +/- 4.03] [P=0.008]. In the third month of delivery, continuity of exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group was more than the control group [P=0.03]. Results also showed that telephone counseling was effective in the duration of exclusive breastfeeding [P=0.02]. Telephone counseling was effective in continuity and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Using this inexpensive and easy method can help to increase exclusive breastfeeding, especially in primiparus women

comparative study of the effect of massage with sunflower oil or sesame oil on infants5 crying and sleep times: a randomized clinical trial

Infants are very sensitive and special attention is needed to take care of their physical and mental health. Some studies showed that massage by parents can improve infants' sleep quality. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of massage with sunflower oil or sesame oil on infants' crying and sleep times. This triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 120 infants who were 10-15 days old, full-term, single, exclusively breastfed and with no history of hospitalization. The infants were assigned randomly into three groups of sunflower oil massage, sesame oil massage and massage with no oils. Mothers administered 15 minutes of massage to their infants twice per day [morning and afternoon] for 28 days. Times of crying and sleep were measured by a parents' information form at baseline, and at the end of the first, second, third, and fourth weeks of the study. Data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA. Within four weeks of following, decreasing pattern of infants crying time was not significant [P=0.18]; however, the mean of crying time between the three groups was significant [P=0.007]. The interaction effect of crying time and groups was not significant [P=0.18]. Increasing pattern of infant sleep time was statistically significant in the fourth weeks of the following [P<0.001]; however, the mean of sleep time between three groups was not significant [P<0.56]. The interaction effect of sleeping time and groups was not significant [P<0.10]. Since there were not statistical significant differences between the infants' crying and sleep times between the three groups, and despite the fact that increasing pattern of infants sleep time is a normal pattern, it is not possible to have a proper conclusion