ABSTRACT
In recent years, with the continuous studies on tumor metabonomics, more and more results have shown that changes of metabolism play important roles in the occurrence and development of malignant tumor. Carcinogenic factors can destroy the metabolic balance of human body, induce metabolic reprogramming, and then mediate a variety of biological behaviors to partici-pate in the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Lipids provide the body with the necessary energy and essential fatty acids, and a variety of lipid molecules and metabolites are involved in cell signal transduction. Lipid metabolism is an important link in the metabolic system of the body, and the relationship between the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer and lipid metabo-lism is not clear. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the changes of lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer, summarize some preclinical studies and clinical trials, and deeply explain the research status of abnormal lipid metabolism associated with pancreatic cancer, so as to provide new ideas for the study of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and accurate treatment.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly progressive and highly malignancy of the digestive system. In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer has been in a slow stage of development, and the 5-year survival rate of patients remains very low. The main objective of translational medicine is to remove the barriers between basic medical research and clinical medical applications, to achieve practical integration between laboratory and clinic, and to accelerate the translation of the results obtained from basic research into clinical diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of diseases, thus promoting the development of life sciences. With the rapid development of the concept and technology of translational medicine, its application in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can bring new hope for effectively improving the overall prognosis of patients. The authors comprehensively analyzed the latest research progress of translational medicine in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in order to improve the early diagnosis and long-term survival of pancreatic cancer patient.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the causes of failed transcatheter closure for ventricular septal defects (VSD)in children. Methods One thousand two hundred and eighty children aged 13 to 141 months who underwent transcatheter closure from June 2009 to September 2013 in Guangdong General Hospital were selected. There were 43 failures(3. 36% ). The clinical data including transthoracic echocardiograph( TTE),radiography,interventional ap-proach and surgical findings were analyzed. Results Forty - three patients included 25 male and 18 female. The pa-tients' ages ranged from 13 to 141(43. 0 ± 31. 9)months and their weight ranged from 10 to 35(16. 3 ± 5. 59)kg. The causes of failure including doubly committed subarterial VSD misdiagnosed as perimembranous VSD(PMVSD)or intracristal VSD were in 6 patients. The size of occluder was too small in 13 cases,and there were statistical differences between three measurements of size of VSD(F = 19. 134,P = 0. 001). The size of VSD measured by left ventricular an-giography was significantly smaller than that measured by TTE,and there was statistical difference[(4. 78 ± 1. 11) mm vs(6. 48 ± 1. 43)mm,t = 4. 50,P = 0. 001]. The dimension of VSD measured by left ventricular angiography was significantly smaller than that measured by surgical findings,and there was statistical difference[(4. 78 ± 1. 11) mm vs(7. 02 ± 1. 08)mm,t = 5. 92,P = 0. 001]. But,the size of VSD measured by TTE had no significant difference compared with that measured by surgical findings(t = 1. 42,P = 0. 168). Aortic regurgitation occurred in 14 cases;atrioventricular block or left bundle branch block in 3 patients;tricuspid stenosis in 2 cases and residual shunt in 5 pa-tients. Conclusions Doubly committed subarterial VSD may be misdiagnosed as PMVSD or intracristal VSD. In the ca-ses of VSD concomitant with aortic valve prolapse,size of the occluders should be referred to VSD dimensions measured by TTE. In the cases of VSD adjacent to aortic valve,suitable occluders should be selected and operation technique should be improved to avoid aortic regurgitation.