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Brain image segmentation algorithm based on deep learning is a research hotspot at present. In this paper, firstly, the significance of brain image segmentation and the content of related brain image segmentation algorithm are systematically described, highlighting the advantages of brain image segmentation algorithms based on deep learning. Then, this paper introduces current brain image segmentation algorithms based on deep learning from three aspects: the brain image segmentation algorithms based on problems existent to brain image, the brain image segmentation algorithms based on prior knowledge guidance and the application of general deep learning models in brain image segmentation, so as to enable researchers in relevant fields to understand current research progress more systematically. Finally, this paper provides a general direction for the further research of brain image segmentation algorithm based on deep learning.
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Brain , Deep Learning , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neural Networks, ComputerABSTRACT
The application of minimally invasive surgical tool detection and tracking technology based on deep learning in minimally invasive surgery is currently a research hotspot. This paper firstly expounds the relevant technical content of the minimally invasive surgery tool detection and tracking, which mainly introduces the advantages based on deep learning algorithm. Then, this paper summarizes the algorithm for detection and tracking surgical tools based on fully supervised deep neural network and the emerging algorithm for detection and tracking surgical tools based on weakly supervised deep neural network. Several typical algorithm frameworks and their flow charts based on deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks are summarized emphatically, so as to enable researchers in relevant fields to understand the current research progress more systematically and provide reference for minimally invasive surgeons to select navigation technology. In the end, this paper provides a general direction for the further research of minimally invasive surgical tool detection and tracking technology based on deep learning.
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Algorithms , Deep Learning , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Neural Networks, ComputerABSTRACT
Objective To study the survey outcome of idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS) in 12 881 junior middle school students from Shantou city ,Guangdong province.Methods From October 2013 to January 2015,the survey of AIS was carried out in 12 881 junior middle school students from 10 middle schools in Shantou city ,Guangdong province.Three methods such as school screening ,hospital review and X -ray film examination were used.The two five surface checking method was used as physical examination method .X-ray was used to slicing a positive lateral view of the whole spine as standing position.The persons whose Cobb angles ≥10°were diagnosed as AIS.Results The amount of individual with suspicious signs were 1 543 students,the suspected rate was 11.98%.Meanwhile,a further checking was conducted by hospital to 263 students,the response rate was 17.04% and 136 students were diagnosed as AIS.The positive rate of AIS was 51.71%.Conclusion The prevalence of AIS in junior middle school students in Shantou city is higher than national average level.Therefore,it is necessary to attach attention to the census for AIS.
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Objective:To build the model of the gene FKBP38 (FK506 binding protein 38) conditional knock out in liver.Methods:Transgenic mouse whose FKBP38 gene was flanked with loxP was constructed by embryo microinjection.The FKBP38 gene was deleted by breeding mice harboring two loxP sites in FKBP38 (FKBP38fl/fl) with the mice bearing the expression ofCre recombinase mice driven by an album promoter.Afterward,the genotype of FKBP38 conditional knockout mice was analyzed.Results:①Relative hepatic FKBP38 mRNA levels showed significant difference between FKBP38 conditional knockout mice (FKBP38-/-) and wild type(P＜ 0.001).②Relative hepatic FKBP38 protein expression levels of FKBP38 conditional knockout mice (FKBP38-/-) were significantly different with wild type(P＜0.001).③Relative phosphorylation of hepatic p70 S6K and 4E-BP-1 protein of FKBP38 conditional knockout mice (FKBP38-/-) showed no significant difference,with slight decrease in phosphorylation of 4E-BP-1,compared with wild type.④No significant difference in expression of hepatic Bcl-2 between FKBP38-/-and wild type.Conclusions:The mouse model of the gene FKBP38 (FK506 binding protein 38) conditional knock out in liver is successfully built.
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Objective Lipid metabolism disorder can lead to male sterility, but its mechanism of affecting spermatogenesis and testis microenvironment remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effects of high fat diet on reproductive function and the expression of Ox-LDL within testis in male mice. Methods 16 C57BL/6 mice aged 8 weeks were divided into two groups by random number table method.High fat diet group was fed with high fat diet while normal fat diet group was fed with normal fat diet .At the end of 16 weeks, the levels of TG, TC, Ox-LDL and testosterone in serum were measured.The sperm concentration and motility from caudal epi-didymis were analyzed.The testis structure was observed by HE stai-ning.The localization and expression of Ox-LDL in testis were detec-ted by immunohistochemical technique. Results Compared with the normal diet group mice, the body weight (P0.05).The serum level of testosterone[(3.64 ±0.43)mg/L vs (0.40 ±0.14) mg/L, P<0.01], the sperm concentration[(9.95 ±0.75)106/mL vs (5.66 ±1.51)106/mL, P<0.01] and the sperm motility[(54.69 ±17.84)%vs (32.48 ±5.80)%, P<0.01] decreased in high fat diet group significantly.HE staining also showed that the amount of Leydig cells, spermatids and spermatozoons reduced obvi-ously in high fat diet group.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that Ox-LDL was mainly distributed around Leydig cells of mice tes-tis.The expression of Ox-LDL in high fat diet group increased significantly ( P<0.01) . Conclusion The expression of Ox-LDL in Leydig cells of high fat diet C57BL/6J mice increases significantly, which may inhibit testosterone biosynthesis and affect spermatogen-ic function.
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Objective Sperm quality can be affected by many factors .The aim of this study was to observe the effects of di-etary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs) on sperm concentration and motility . Methods Twenty healthy B6 male mice were equally randomized to a control and an experimental group to be fed with standard diet and standard diet +10%arachidonic acid (AA), respectively, both for 8 weeks.Then the testes and epididymal tails of the mice were collected for observation of the changes in the microstructure of the epididymal tissue and determination of sperm motility and concentration . Results Compared with the con-trol group, the experimental animals showed significantly decreased serum levels of α-linolenic acid ( ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and linoleic acid (LA) (P <0.01), but dramatically increased the levels of AA and n-6/n-3 PUFAs (P<0.01).The latter also exhibited remarkable reduction in sperm concentration (7 ×106/mL vs 80 ×106/mL, P<0.01), sperm motility (27%vs 86%, P<0.01). Conclusion High levels of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratios reduce sperm concentration and motility in mice .
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Objective To explore the appropriat.e treatment process for elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture in primary hospitals.Methods According with the evaluation system and the characteristics of the grassroots hospitals and elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures,the treatment standards for risk assessment was established,and the appropriate treatment process for intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients in primary hospitals was initially formed and tried to promote applications in three primary hospital from December 2010 to January 2012,and its feasibility and effectiveness were tested.Results 66 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated in three primary hospital,and 38 cases were hospitalized in primary hospital,including 24 cases of osseous union in 27cases treated with expectant treatment,11 cases of surgical treatment,and the cure rate was 89.5％.Sent on the operation rate of 90.3％ cases,54.8％ of cases occurred within 2 days.The incident of complications in early stage was 25.8％.Conclusion The diagnosis and treatment process and assessment criteria of treatment risk for elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture in the primary hospital which is initial established is simple,practical,practicable,and has good effect and certain clinical value.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of lubar intervertebral disc protrusion treatment with ozone injection combined radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Methods 36 patients with lubar intervertebral disc protrusion confirmed by clinical and imaging examination were underwent radiofrequency thermocoagulation followed ozone injection guided with CT. Results All the patients were followed up for 3 ～6 months,and statistic the improvement rate was evaluated according to Macnab standard. The total effective rate was 94.4%, and the improvement rate was 86.1%. Conclusion CT guided treatment could greatly elevate the accuracy of puncture. Radiofrequency target point thermocoagulation combined with ozone injection was a minimally invasive、safet and markedly effective method for lubar intervertebral disc protrusion treatment.
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Two human endometrial carcinoma cell lines, HEC-1-A and RL95-2, were treated with adiponectin,and then changes of cell count, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were measured. The expression of phospho-AMPK(Thr172) and AMPK was determined by Western Blot. The results showed that adiponectin may exert direct anti-proliferative effects on HEC-1-A and RL95-2 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may be mediated by AMPK pathway.
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Objective To study the clinical effect of percutaneous laser disc decompression(PLDD) combined with ozone injection in the treatment of cervical spondylosis.Methods 183 cases of cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into two groups.One group of 80 cases with 118 cervical discs herniation were treated with PLDDonly.while the other group of 103 cases with 142 cervical discs herniation were treated with PLDD combined with ozone injectlon.The patients were followed up for 3 to18 months(mean 7 months).The clinical effects were assessed according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system(JOA score)and the improvement rates of the two groups were compared.Results 167 cases were followed up.The average point of the group treated with PLDD is 15.2 and the improvement rate is 74.7%.The average point of the group treated with PLDD combined with ozone injection is 16.3 and the improvement rate is 91.3%.The difference between two groups has statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of cervical spondylosis with PLDD combined with ozone injection is safe.painless and minimally invasive.The clinical effect is impmved tremendously and much better than monotherapy.
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Robot assisted surgery is becoming a widely popular technology and is now entering the total knee replacement. The development of total knee replacement and the operation system structure are introduced in this paper. The vision position technology and the related calibration technology, which are very important, are also analyzed. The experiments of error analysis in our WATO system demonstrate that the position and related calibration technologies have a high precision and can satisfy surgical requirement.
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Humans , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Methods , Pattern Recognition, Automated , Methods , Robotics , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , MethodsABSTRACT
Robot-assisted surgery is becoming a widely popular technology and now entering total knee replacement. The development of total knee replacement is introduced in this paper with the emphasis on femur positioning technologies. The experiments and error analysis of robot-assisted surgical system for total knee replacement demonstrate that femur positioning technologies have a high precision and thus deserve to be popularized theoretically and practically.