ABSTRACT
Objective@#To provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen surveillance of HFMD cases which were reported in Liaoning Province from 2008 to 2017.@*Methods@#The information of cases and laboratory monitoring were collected from the HFMD reports of 2008-2017. The epidemic intensity, three distribution and pathogen composition of HFMD were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method .@*Results@#There were 290 339 cases reported during 2008 to 2017 and the average incidence was 66.56/100000. The peak incidence was found for June to August, The incidence of crowd was mainly in the 0-6 years old children, and the male / female incidence ratio was 1.50∶1. Among 16 498 laboratory diagnosis cases, EV-A71 positive cases were 4 974 (30.15%), CV-A16 positive cases were 5 130(31.10%), and the other enteroviruses positive cases were 6 394 (38.76%).@*Conclusions@#The overall situation of HFMD in Liaoning province showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2008 to 2017. The epidemic had obvious seasonality and population, and the pathogenic characteristics were constantly changing, Monitoring should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:In vitro experiments suggest that LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) gene can increase the expression of LMP-1 protein in osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the LMP-1 expression in osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with RV-LMP-1-GFP in vitro. METHODS:Twelve SD female rats were selected and subjected to bilateral ovariectomy for establishment of osteoporosis models. After 2 months of feeding, bilateral femurs, tibiae, and humeri of rats were taken to isolate and culture bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Passage 3 cells were taken and randomly divided into ovariectomized group and LMP-1 transfection group. Another six rats only underwent removal of the same amount of fat tissue around the ovary, and passage 3 cells which were harvested as those in the former two groups served as sham group. RT-PCR and western blot assay were performed to determine the expression of LMP-1 protein and mRNA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under an inverted fluorescence microscope, transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic rats showed green fluorescent expression. The three groups al could express LMP-1 at the protein and mRNA levels. The expression levels of LMP-1 protein and mRNA in the LMP-1 transfection group were significantly higher than those in the ovariectomized group and sham group (P0.05). The successful expression of the RV-LMP-1-GFP gene in osteoporotic SD rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was realized at the protein and mRNA levels;moreover, the expression of LMP-1 was increased dramatical y. These findings indicate that LMP-1 gene is successful y transferred into osteoporotic SD rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and significantly elevates the expression of LMP-1 mRNA and protein.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between the ultrastructure and gallstone recurrence after cholecystolithotomy.Methods By implanting human cholesterol gallstone into the gallbladder of rabbits, the ultrasructure of the gallbladder was observed with scanning eleetron microscope and transmission electron microscope,3 months before and after cholecystolithotomy.Results ln the stone-implanted group,the epithelium cells were massively damaged,nuclei karyopyknosis,mitochondria destroyed, and phagolysosomes increased. After the gallstone removal, the epitheliune cells did not recover completely where exposed connective tissues and covering surface by mucus. In cytoplasm, the lysosome decreased, and mucus granules secretion increased and actively secreted into the gallbladder lumen.Conclusions The pathologic changes of chronic cholecystitis caused by implanting stones in rabbits is similar to that of the chronic calculous cholecystitis in human.The basic cause of gallstone recurrence after cholecystolithotomy might be that the ultrastructural changes not be restored and the mucus secretion increased obviously in gallbladder.