ABSTRACT
Background Natural product sanguinarine chloride (SC) can significantly alleviate liver fibrosis and acute liver injury in mice, but whether it has a protective effect on mouse liver injury caused by sodium arsenite (SA) has not been studied. Objective To verify if SC may present preventive and therapeutic effects on SA-induced liver injury in mice. Methods A total of 140 SPF male Kunming mice were randomly divided into two sub-studies, which included a prevention sub-study and a treatment sub-study. In each sub-study, a blank group (normal saline), a model group (5 mg·kg−1 SA), and a positive control group (11.375 mg·kg−1 bicyclol and 182 mg·kg−1 glutathione), as well as SC low, medium, and high dose groups (25, 50, and 100 mg·kg−1) were arranged with 10 mice in each group. In the prevention sub-study, the blank group was given normal saline, the model group was given SA, and the other groups (the SC low, medium, and high dose groups and the positive control group) were given the corresponding treatment 30 min before gavage of SA, once a day, for 28 d. In the treatment sub-study, except for the blank group which was given normal saline, the other groups were given SA for 28 d, then the model group was given normal saline, and the other groups were given the corresponding treatment every day for 28 d. After the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to evaluate selected physiological and biochemical indicators in serum and liver tissue and to observe histopathological changes after HE staining. Results In either sub-study of preventive effect or treatment effect: compared with the blank group, body weight, liver weight, liver coefficient, as well as serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) among all SC groups were not significantly different (P>0.05); but compared with the model group, the SC groups showed increased body weight (P<0.01), decreased liver weight and liver coefficient (P<0.01), reduced ALT, AST, TBIL, and MDA (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and increased GSH and SOD with (P<0.05 or P<0.01) or without significance; compared with the positive control group, no differences were found in the above indicators (P＞0.05). The result of histopathological evaluation showed that the SC groups had a clear liver lobule structure, neatly arranged hepatic cords, and less infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusion SC has both preventive and therapeutic effects on SA-induced liver injury in mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the learning and memory abilities together with the morphological changes in astrocyte and neuron in the hippocampal CA3 area in mice induced by chronic cadmium exposure. Methods Twenty Kunming mice aged 4-5 months were selected by Y-maze and randomly divided into two groups. The cadmium exposed group treated with cadmium (CdCl2,2 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection,twice a week for 3 consecutive months,and the normal control group were injected with the equal dose of saline. The learning and memory abilities were detected by Y-maze after 3 months of treatment. The structure of astrocytes and neurons in CA3 area of hippocampus were observed under light microscope,and the quantitatively analysis was performed by cell morphometric technique. Results Compared with the control group,learning and memory capacity determined by Y-maze test in the cadmium exposed group were lower (P
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the appropriate method of isolating,purifying and culturing the rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) in vitro,and observe the differentiation of MSCs into neuron-like cells induced by noggin gene transfected with adenovirus vector.Methods MSCs obtained from bone marrow of SD rats were isolated,cultivated and amplified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation with adherent method,the the third passage of purified MSCs was then induced to differentiate into neurocytes by using the reconstructed noggin adenovirus vector(pAdEasy-1-GFP-noggin) and control vector(pAdEasy-1-GFP),respectively.After cultivation,the differentiated cells were identified by using immunocytochemical method with neurone-specific enolase(NSE),neurofilament 200(NF-200),neuronal nuclei(NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and the inductivity in the respective groups were analyzed.The Nissl bodies in the induced cells were displayed by thionine-eosin staining.Results The primarily cultured MSCs were spindle in shape,adhered 24 hours after cultivation,and then grew into small clones.Forty-eight hours after transfection by noggin recombinant adenovirus vector,the MSCs started to change their shape as observed under inverted microscope,and several axon-or dendrite-like processes with branches stretched out from the cell body.The induced cells derived from bone marrow MSCs specifically expressed NSE,NF and NeuN,but not GFAP by immunocytochemistry.A lot of Nissl bodies could be seen in the cell body of induced cells shown by Nissl staining.Conclusions Highly purified MSCs can be obtained by Percoll density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent method.The bone marrow derived MSCs transfected with noggin gene can differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro.