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Objective To evaluate the quality of animal studies into acupuncture for glaucoma using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool,ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines,and the GSPC checklist.Methods Databases from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,Sinomed,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase and Cochrane Library were searched to find animal research articles on acupuncture for glaucoma.Risk of bias was assessed for the included studies using the SYRCLE's tool,and reporting quality was evaluated using the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines and GSPC checklist.Statistical analysis was performed by Excel and SPSS software.Results Thirty articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis.Six of the 10 items of the SYRCLE's tool had a low-risk rate of＜50％,and the non-low-risk items focused on selectivity bias,implementation bias and measurement bias.Twelve of the 22 essential sub-items of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines had a low-risk rate of＜50％;9 of the 16 recommended sub-items had a low-risk rate of＜50％;and 12 of the 19 subentries of the GSPC list had a low-risk rate of＜50％.Randomization,blinding,ethical statements,housing and husbandry,animal care and monitoring,and protocol registration were the non-low-risk items in the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines and GSPC list.Conclusions The quality of the methodology and experimental reporting of animal studies into acupuncture for glaucoma are generally low,and the description of several items is not yet complete,which affects the readers'judgment on whether the result of animal studies can be translated to clinical studies.It is advisable to further promote the use of SYRCLE's tool and reporting guidelines for animal experiments to enhance the design,performance,and reporting of animal experiments;ensure the reproducibility of experiments and result;and provide reliable evidence for the translation of result to the clinic.
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Objective To evaluate whether the timing of maternal hypoxia during pregnancy could myocardial remodeling in adult offspring.Methods Twenty-four pregnant rats were assigned to the maternal hypoxia group starting from the early period of pregnancy (G1,day 3 to 21 of pregnancy),the group starting from the middle period of pregnancy (G2,day 9 to 21 of pregnancy),the group starting from the late period of pregnancy (G3,day 15 to 21 of pregnancy),or the control group (G0).Six rats were included in each group.Rats in the maternal hypoxia groups (G1,G2 and G3) were subjected to hypoxia for 3 hours in a low pressure cabin with an oxygen concentration of (10± 1) ％.Systolic blood pressure,wet weight of the left ventricle normalized for body weight (left ventricular weight/body weight,LVW/BW),diameter of cardiomyocytes,and the expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ were measured in adult male offspring at the age of 3 and 5 months.One-way ANOVA and SNK test were used for statistical analysis.Results Maternal hypoxia from day 3 to 21 of pregnancy induced higher systolic blood pressure in male offspring at the age of 3 months and 5 months [3 months:G1 (122.0± 11.7) mmHg,G0 (108.3±9.5) mmHg,F=2.97; 5 months:G1 (128.5±7.9) mmHg,G0 (114.6±-10.0) mmHg,F=3.17,both P＜0.05].Maternal hypoxia also led to a higher LVW/BW ratio (G1 1.99±0.03,G0 1.80±0.02,P＜0.05),and increased collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ expression (collagen Ⅰ /β-actin:G1 1.76±0.07,G0 0.48±0.04,P＜0.01; collagen Ⅲ /β-actin:G1 0.68±0.05,G0 0.34±0.03,P＜0.01) in adult male offspring at the age of 5 months.Maternal hypoxia from day 9 to 21 of pregnancy induced a higher LVW/BW ratio (3 months:G2 2.15 ± 0.05,G0 1.98 ± 0.02,P＜0.05; 5 months:G2 1.96±±0.05,G0 1.80±0.02,P＜0.05),and increased collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ expression (3 months:collagen Ⅰ /β-actin G2 0.98±±0.02,G0 0.87±0.02,P＜0.05; collagen Ⅲ /β-actin:G2 0.87±±0.01,G0 0.82±0.01,P＜0.05; 5 months; collagen Ⅰ /β-actin G2 1.61±0.05,G0 0.48±0.04,P＜0.01; collagen Ⅲ / β-actin:G2 0.61 ±0.04,G0 0.34±0.03,P＜0.01) in male offspring at the age of 3 months and 5 months,but did not affect systolic blood pressure.Maternal hypoxia from day 15 to 2l did not have any effect.The diameter of cardiomyocytes in male offspring was not significantly different between the groups.Conclusions Maternal hypoxia during different periods of pregnancy has different effects on cardiac structure in adult rat offspring.Maternal hypoxia started in early or mid-pregnancy leads to cardiac collagen deposition without an increase in myocyte size in adult offspring,which may be independent of the change in blood pressure.
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The carotid initima-media thickness(CIMT)in 78 cases of type 2 diabetic patients was measured.The level of plasma endogenous secretion receptor for advanced glycation end-products(esRAGE)in patients with normal CIMT was higher than those with chickened CIMT[(0.257 3±0.165 6 vs 0.155 4±0.0701)μg/L,P<0.01].esRAGE was negatively associated with CIMT(r=-0.247,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that CIMT was negatively associated with esRAGE and hish density lipoprotein cholesterol,but was positively associated with age.
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Objective To observe the pulmonary artery motion curve with anatomical M-mode echocardiography, and to investigate its influential factors. Methods The pulmonary artery motion curve was detected and pulsating amplitude of pulmonary artery wall (PAWPA) was measured with anatomical M-mode echocardiography in 160 patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess inter-observer conisitency of PAWPA measurements between two investigators who were blinded to each other's findings, and intra-observer consistency of PAWPA with repeating the measurements on two occasions by the same investigator in 20 randomly selected cases. Stepwise multiple regression was used to analyze the following potential influential factors of PAWPA: age, gender, heart rate, blood pressure, atherosclerosis, right atrial diameter, and pulmonary insufficiency. Results There was good consistency between two independent observers' measurements and between two occasions in the same observer's measurements for PAWPA with ICC values of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.37-0.99) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.60-0.99), respectively. PAWPA was negatively correlated with age (β=-0.47, P<0.001) and heart rate (β=-0.29, P<0.005). There was no correlation of PAWPA with gender, blood pressure, atherosclerosis, right atrial diameter, and pulmonary insufficiency. Conclusion Anatomical M-mode echocardiography can be used for measuring PAWPA with good consistency and reproducibility. In normal pulmonary artery pressure cases, PAWPA is affected by age and heart rate.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of the serum prolactin level and the secret mode of Th1/Th2 eytokines with clinical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods The serum level of The levels of PRL[ (21.58 ± 4.29 ) ng/ml vs ( 11.87 ± 2.57 ) ng/ml, P < 0.01 ), IL-4 [ ( 26.79 ± 5.08 ) ng/L vs (10.71 ± 1.35)ng/L,P <0.01 ] in SLE patients were significantly higher than the healthy controls,but IFN-γ [ (11.47±3.36)ng/L vs (18.36 ±2.61)ng/L,P <0.01 ], IFN-γ/IL-4(0.76γ±0.29 vs 2.30±0. 15,P <0.01) [ (38.52 ± 8.44) ng/L vs ( 14.15 ± 1.63 ) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] in the active SLE patients were significantly higher than that in the nonactive patients, whereas, the levels of IFN-γ [ (6.98 ± 2.72) ng/L vs ( 16.24 ± 2.57 ) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] and IFN-γ/IL-4 (0.35 ± 0.14 vs 1.24 ± 0.29, P < 0.01 ) were lower in the active group compared with the nonac-[ (45.12±10.44) ng/L vs ( 17.53 ± 5.42) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] declined while IFN-γ [ (6.31 ± 2.59) ng/L vs (16.89 ±4.43)ng/L,P<0.01 ] and IFN-γ/IL-4 (0.16 ±0. 11 vs 1.16 ±0. 27,P<0.01) increased when SLE patients in remission. Conclusions Hyperprolactinemia and imbalance of Th cytokines production which exhibited Th2 dominant are found in SLE patients. Prolactin and the degree of imbalance of Th cytokines production varies with the remission or exacerbation of the disease.