Inhibition of virus infection in coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis model by RNA interference / 病毒学报

To evaluate the effects of lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on CVB3 infection in an animal model by RNA interference technique, we constructed a recombinant lentivirus expressing shRNA-3753 against the viral genome region 3753-3771, then transduced Lenti-sh3753 into mice infected with CVB3. We evaluated the antiviral ability of lenti-sh3753 by cytopathic effect (CPE), viral plaque assay and histological analysis of mice hearts. The results showed that Lenti-sh3753 exhibited a significant protective effect on cell viability and reduction of viral titers in supernatant of cell culture by specific inhibition on viral replication. Lenti-sh3753 also prolonged the mice survival and limited the viral production in mice hearts. These data proposed that Lenti-sh3753 can effectively inhibit CVB3 infection in a coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis model, suggesting its potential role in prevention and therapy of viral diseases.

Recurrent miscarriage and the quality of semen and sperm: a case-control study / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relation between recurrent miscarriage and routine semen parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We compared the semen parameters of normal healthy men with those of the spouses of recurrent miscarriage women through 1: 1 age-matched case-control study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy controls, the men of the case group showed a significantly lower mean semen volume ([1.95 +/- 1.11] ml vs [2.74 +/- 1.43] ml), sperm concentration ([48.68 +/- 20.07] x 10(6)/ml vs [59.26 +/- 25.35] x 10(6)/ml), percentage of grade b sperm ([12.07 +/- 3.34] % vs [16.18 +/- 6.74] %), fruit-sugar content ([1.73 +/- 0.64] g/L vs [2.21 +/- 0.75] g/L), acrosomal enzyme activity ([84.34 +/- 26.69] U/mg prot vs [94.20 +/- 26.35] U/mg prot), alpha-glucuronidase (alpha-GLU) content ([36.28 +/- 15.98] U/ml vs [44.45 +/- 12. 54] U/ml), and acid phosphatase (ACP) content ([68.55 +/- 35.45] U/ml vs [84.78 +/- 51. 10] U/ml) (P < 0.05), but remarkably higher percentages of head teratospermia ([47.36 +/- 4.59] % vs [46.50 +/- 6.32] %) and tail teratospermia ([7.56 +/- 2.27] % vs [7.28 +/- 3.10] %), and elastase content ([885.64 +/- 1 272.30] ng/ml vs [661.08 +/- 764.64] ng/ml) (P < 0.05). Based on the results of discriminant analysis, the semen volume, percentages of grade b sperm and combined teratospermia, and contents of fruit-sugar, alpha-GLU and ACP could be used to evaluate the semen and sperm quality of the spouses of recurrent miscarriage women.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Routine semen and sperm tests might help evaluate the seminal factors of recurrent miscarriage, but they lack specificity and need comprehensive analysis. Poorer semen quality is associated with higher incidence of recurrent miscarriage.</p>

Effect of Itk down regulation on cytokines production in Jurkat cell / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Itk down regulation on Jurkat cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines production, and provide useful data for Itk as an attractive target for potential drugs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three shRNAs against different region of Itk were constructed and cotransfected with pEGFP-C1-hItk. The shRNA, which can knock down Itk, was selected and packed into lentivirus. After Jurkat cells were transfected with shRNA lentivirus, the change of Itk protein expression, cell proliferation and cytokines production was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Itk mRNA was reduced about 55% in Jurkat cells transfected with Itk-shRNA1, compared with that in control cells shRNAnon (P < 0.05). Knocking down Itk expression had a profound inhibitory effect on Jurkat cell proliferation. In addition, there was a substantial decrease in level of cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-gamma, produced by cell transfected with Itk-shRNA1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Knocking down Itk expression can inhibit Jurkat cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines production.</p>

Research of ITK regulation on mouse spleen lymphocytes proliferation and differentiation / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>By using the RNAi method to inhibit Itk protein expression specificity, to observe lymphocytes proliferation and cytokines production, verify its function as a drug target.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Designed siRNA aims at Itk sequence according to its sequence and solid structure, then electrotransfected into mouse spleen lymphocytes, We validated the decrease of Itk protein by Western-Blot, and detected the change of the cell proliferation by MTS and the change of inflammatory cytokines by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Itk protein can be suppressed by Itk-siRNA, there were significantly reduced compared to its control group on cell proliferation as well as cytokine secretion such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma. They all have statistical difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Itk has an important immunomodulatory effect in mouse spleen lymphocytes proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines.This can supply an experimental basis to regard Itk as drug target for inflammation therapy.</p>

Intracellular clearance of Coxsakievirus B3 infection by short interfering RNA and its mechanism study / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the possibility of short interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibiting Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection in vitro, and discover the mechanism initially.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We obtained proper effective dosage of siRNA by observing cytopathic effect (CPE). Estimate its antiviral activities and its pathway of siRNA by Western Blot assay and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Results showed that siRNA-3753 can be effectively transfected into HeLa cells, we can achieve a high transfection efficiency up to 98.77% and its effect can last for 48 h stably in cells. 0.6 micromol/L siRNA-3753 got a high inhibiting effect of virus and didn't show any toxicity to cells. So we consider this concentration as the experimental concentration. siRNA-3753 can debase virus reproduction. The antiviral effect is sequence-specific and is not attributable to either interferon or the interferon response effectors protein kinase R (PKR).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The data confirmed that siRNA can effectively inhibit CVB3 infection in vitro, its antivirus effect was gained from specific debase of virus genome.</p>

Study on inhibition of coxsackievirus B3 infection in HeLa cell by short interfering RNA targeting 2B protein / 病毒学报

To study the inhibitory effect and function characteristics of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on cosxackievirus B3(CVB3) infection by RNA interference technique, siRNA-2B against the viral 2B region was synthesized and transfected into HeLa cell, which was then infected with CVB3. The efficiency of siRNA transfection was examined by FCM, the cell toxicity of siRNA-2B by MTT, and the antiviral ability of siRNA-2B by cytopathic effect (CPE), plaque reduction assay and RT-PCR. The results showed that siRNA-2B could be transfected efficiently into HeLa cell and lasted at least 48h. High concentration of siRNA-2B didn't show any sign of toxicity to cells. siRNA-2B exhibited a significant protective effect on cell viability by specific inhibition of viral replication. It showed a close relationship between the concentrations of siRNA-2B and the antiviral effects. siRNA-2B led to dramatical reduction of viral titers in supernatant of cell culture and weakened the reinfection ability of the virus. These data proposed that siRNA-2B, targeting 2B protein, can effectively inhibit CVB3 infection in HeLa cell and exhibits its transfection efficiency, viral inhibition specificity and adose-dependant manner, suggesting its potential role in prevention and treatement of CVB3 infection.

Short interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of coxsakievirus B3 infection in vitro / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate feasibility of inhibiting coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection at cellular, protein and gene levels by using small interfering RNA (siRNA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Antiviral activities of siRNAs were evaluated by observing cytopathic effect (CPE), using plaque reduction Western blotting assays and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight siRNAs were synthesized, among them, SiRNA-2, SiRNA-3, SiRNA-6 and SiRNA-7 which were targeted against sequences located in 2B, VP4, 2A and 3C section of CVB3 genome, were designed to have different effect of inhibiting CVB3 infection in vitro. SiRNA-2 showed the best protective effect, 95 percent inhibition of CVB3 cytopathic effect and plaque forming effect was observed at 0.0001 MOI, viral protein synthesis and replication were inhibited. SiRNA-2 showed 30 percent inhibition of virus at 0.1 MOI, 70 percent inhibition at 0.01 MOI, 88 percent inhibition at 0.001 MOI, and 99 percent inhibition at 0.0001 MOI 48 hours after CVB3 infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SiRNA could effectively inhibit CVB3 infection in vitro, siRNA-2, which is targeted against sequence in 2B section of CVB3 genome, seemed to be the best one among those synthesized in this study.</p>

Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of coxsackievirus B3 gene expression in HeLa cells and dose-response experiments / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, the authors investigated inhibition of coxsackievirus B (CVB) gene expression using antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the 5' NCR, translation initiation codon and structural protein coding sequences and also observed the dose-response of the sequence specific inhibition of CVB plaque formation by antisense oligonucleotides.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Antiviral activities of these oligonucleotides were evaluated by using plaque reduction assay, yield reduction assay, cytopathic effect (CPE) and Western blot analysis. The cells were treated with random oligonucleotides as a specificity control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At a screening concentration of 5 micromole, 6 of the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide demonstrated some reduction of virus replication relative to untreated cells. 70%-90% inhibition of virus at 0.1 MOI (multiplicity of infection), 50% inhibition of virus infection at 10 MOI. The levels of the VP1 were reduced in CVB-infected cells treated with Scb561 and Scb733. VP1 was significantly reduced after treatment with 0.625 micromole Scb561 and almost undetectable in cells treated with 2.5 micromole Scb561. Dose response experiments implied that sequence specific oligonucleotide doses were related to effect on inhibition of CVB3 infection. When oligonucleotide doses were increased from 1.25 to 5 micromole, 75% to 90% inhibition were observed with Scb561 and 65% to 80% inhibition with Scb733, whereas random control failed to inhibit CVB replication (8% inhibition for each). CONCLUSION The present studies showed that antisense oligonucleotides against internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and translation initiation codon were capable of specifically inhibiting the synthesis of viral protein and subsequent productive CVB replication.The selective inhibition using antisense oligonucleotide might lead to development of an effective antiviral agent for future clinical evaluation.</p>