Outcome assessment of health education on endemic diseases in Henan province in 2010 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on endemic diseases in Henan province in 2010.Methods According to the requirements of The Education Program for Endemic Diseases Control in 2009 Henan Province,50 counties (districts) of 18 cities with endemic diseases were selected.Referring to the health education questionnaire in the program,knowledge of endemic diseases were asked of pupils and housewives.Intervention effects were evaluated two months after teaching pupils and housewives in counties,towns,villages and schools with the knowledge of endemic diseases and the questionnaire was used.Results Among 50 counties investigated,5523 pupils and 3206 housewives were surveyed in the baseline according to the requirement,and 5417 pupils and 2891 housewives were surveyed for outcome evaluation.The results showed that after this education,pupils' knowledge about endemic diseases increased from 66.31％(10 987/16 569) in the baseline survey to 93.84％(15 250/16 251),the difference have statistical significant(x2 =3877.78,P ＜ 0.01) ; housewives from 67.56％(6133/9078)to 92.67％(8037/8673),the difference have statistical significant(x2 =1736.33,P ＜ 0.01).After the education,the pupils' knowledge about the iodine deficiency disorders,drinking-water-borne fluorosis and arsenic poisning,coal-burning-borne fluorosis increased from 70.15％ (6263/8928),62.29％(4423/7101),42.96％ (185/270),68.52％ (116/270) to 94.19％ (8344/8859),93.05％ (6376/6852),99.63％ (261/270),96.67％ (269/270),the difference have statistical significant (x2 =1749.85,1939.26,211.83,74.43,all P ＜ 0.01),housewives' knowledge about the iodine shortage diseases,drinking-water-borne fluorosis,the endemic fluorine,the arsenic poisoning increased from 73.27％ (3330/4545),62.79％ (2677/4263,30.37％ (85/135),62.96％(41/135) to 93.96％(4228/4500),91.08％(3555/3903),97.04％(123/135),91.11％(131/135),the difference have statistical significant (x2 =751.03,924.65,129.75,30.23,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Health education intervention has a marked effect in increasing the peoples' knowledge of endemic diseases.Therefore health education should be enhanced in the future.

Analysis of surveillance data of Keshan disease from 1995 - 2009 in Henan province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the change of conditions and study the epidemiology of Keshan disease from 1995 to 2009 in Henan province.Methods From 1995 to 2009,seriously ill township (village) of Keshan disease were selected as monitoring sites,and one cross-sectional survey was conducted annually.Resident population were asked of their disease history,and were taken clinical examination.Suspicious or suspected cases of Keshan disease and people with abnormal ECG were taken 2 m X-ray.Hair and wheat flour samples were collected for selenium testing.Results From 1995 to 2009,about 6632 people were checked,130 chronic and 52 latent cases of Keshan disease were identified,the total detection rates were between 1.12％ and 5.06％.The detectable rate for abnormal electrocardiogram and heart enlargement found through chest X-ray examination were 10.24％ -30.65％ and 32.4％ - 77.8％,respectively.The content of hair selenium tended to increase,the highest was in 2009 (357.12 μg/kg),and the lowest was in 1997( 142.68 μg/kg).Conclusion Keshan disease is stable in Henan province,and prevention and control measures should be strengthen gradually.

Isolation and identification of Japanese encephalitis virus in Tanghe County, Henan Province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) from mosquitoes collected in Tanghe County, Henan province and analyze the genotype of the newly isolated JEV strains and the characteristics of amino acid in the E gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Viruses were isolated from mosquitoes collected in 2004 and identified by biological, serological and molecular biologic methods. PrM and E segments of the newly isolated JEV were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were purified and sequenced. Multiple alignment, phylogenetic and amino acid (AA) analysis were carried out by Clustal X (1.8) program, MEGA 3.1 and GENEDOS (3.2).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 3722 mosquitoes were collected including Culex, Armigeres, Aedes, Anopheline. Three new JEV strains isolated from Culex belonged to genotype 1. The homologue of nucleotide and amino acid of E gene between new JEV strains and live attenuated vaccine strain SA14-14-2 was 86.9-87.7% and 95.2%-97.0%, respectively. Totally there were 12 common sites of amino acid differences in E gene between them.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Newly isolated viruses in Henan province belonged to JEV genotype 1. It suggests that the vaccine strain SA14-14-2 currently used for preventing JE is able to protect people from JEV infection, although there are some amino acid differences between them.</p>

Analyses on the isolation and characterization of canine rabies virus isolates in Henan / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the genetic characteristics of two rabies virus isolates from Henan province and to compare their relations hip with known rabies virus isolates and vaccine strains.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rabies viral antigens were detected in 100 canine brains by immunofluorescence assay method. Rabies virus was isolated through inoculating the suspensions of positive brains into suckling mice. N gene and G were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the analysis on genetic characteristics of rabies virus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two rabies virus strains were isolated (Henan Hb1 and Henan Sq1). Data from sequential comparison revealed that the nucleotide and amino acid identities of N and G gene between the two isolates were 99.3% and 98.9%, and 98.7% and 98.4% respectively. The two isolates were more closely related to CTN, with the homogeny of N gene and G gene as 89.1% and 85.6%-85.7% at the nucleotide level, but 97.6%-98.0% and 92.3% at the amino acid level respectively, than to other vaccine strains. When comparing with other known viruses including Chinese isolates, the two stains shared closer identity with the isolates from Indonesia, and the rates of homogeny of N and G gene were 92.1%-93.2% and 91.9%-92.1% at the nucleotide level, 97.5%-98.6% and 96.0%-96.2% at the amino acid level, respectively. Data from the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that some amino acid residues including the residues in the N and G antigenic sites were substituted in the two isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that the two isolates were also more closely related to the strains from Indonesia and vaccine strain CTN than to any other known street viruses and vaccine strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both Henan Hbl and Henan Sql belonged to genotype 1. However, the N and G gene diverged from known street viruses and vaccine strains at either nucleotide level or amino acid level.</p>

Genetics subtypes and distribution of Seoul virus in Henan / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the sub-genotypes and distribution ot Seoul virus in Henan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rodents were collected in the major epidemic areas and rats lungs were studied by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Partial M and S segments were amplified with nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using Hantavirus genotype-specific primers, sequenced, analyzed and compared with other known sequences.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Hantavirus carried by Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus and Mus musculus were all belonged to Seoul virus in the main epidemic areas of Henan. We constructed two phylogenetic tree based on the partial M and S segment sequences while phylogenetic analysis distinguished three genetic subtypes (S1, S2 and S3). S1 and S3 were found main subtypes in Henan.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results indicated that the genetic subtypes of Hantavirus were complicated and widely distributed in Henan.</p>