ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in different stages and time evolution of chronic kidney disease （CKD） to explore the evolution patterns of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD. MethodThe evidence information of 256 patients with CKD was collected from October 2020 to September 2022 according to relevant standards， and the "Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome Evaluation Scale for Chronic Kidney Disease" was developed. With SPSS Statistics 20.0， SPSS Modeler 18.0， Gephi 0.9.2， and R 4.2.1， the syndrome information of CKD patients at various stages and the syndrome changes after one year were statistically analyzed using complex network analysis， association rule analysis， probability transition matrix analysis， and chi-square test， and the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome of patients at various stages was comprehensively evaluated. ResultIn the CKD population， the proportion of females with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was higher than that of males （P<0.01）， and the proportion of people over 65 years old was higher than in people under 65 years old. The proportion of people with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome increased with the progression of kidney disease， and the proportion of Ⅳ-Ⅴ CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was higher than that of Ⅰ-Ⅱ CKD patients （P<0.01）. From Ⅰ CKD to Ⅴ CKD， the frequency of dull tongue continued to increase， and the frequency of enlarged tongue and tooth-marked tongue continued to increase after Ⅲ CKD. The frequency of thick coating and greasy coating ranked in the top 3 of frequency distribution in Ⅴ CKD. After Ⅲ CKD， the top 3 tongue characteristics were weak pulse， deep pulse， and thready pulse， all of which were characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. Complex network analysis of the tongue and pulse showed that the core tongue and pulse characteristics of patients with end-stage CKD were tooth-marked tongue with white coating and deep and thready pulse. The results of symptom frequency analysis and complex network analysis showed that aversion to cold and preference for warmth， weakness of the knees， and cold extremities were the top 3 symptoms in Ⅰ-Ⅲ CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， and in Ⅳ-Ⅴ CKD， the manifestations of the syndrome of Yang deficiency and water diffusion， such as drowsiness and fatigue， edema， and frequent urination at night became characteristic symptoms. The scores of edema， pale complexion， soreness and weakness of the waist and knees， loose stools， and mental depression symptoms， as well as the total score of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome gradually increased with disease progression， with statistical differences between different stages of CKD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The frequency analysis of disease-related syndrome elements showed that the frequencies of Yang deficiency syndrome， phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， and turbidity-toxin syndrome gradually increased with disease progression， and there were statistically significant differences in the distribution between different stages of CKD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of complex network analysis showed that Yang deficiency syndrome was the core syndrome element throughout all stages of CKD and was the main syndrome element type of CKD， while phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， and turbidity-toxin syndrome were gradually revealed in the middle and late stages of CKD. In the CKD population with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome， the distribution of phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， and turbidity-toxin syndrome as concurrent syndromes in different CKD stages had statistically significant differences （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The association rule analysis showed that as the disease progressed， associations between the concurrent syndromes， such as phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， turbidity-toxin syndrome， and fluid retention syndrome， and kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome were gradually enhanced. The comparison of the changes in CKD with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome within one year showed that the disease location was centered on the kidney and transmitted between the spleen， stomach， heart， and liver. There is a 23.81% probability of kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome transforming into Qi deficiency syndromes （Qi deficiency in the spleen and kidney， Qi deficiency in the liver， and Qi deficiency in the heart）， 23.79% into Yin deficiency syndromes （Yin deficiency in the liver and kidney， Qi and Yin deficiency， and Yin deficiency in the liver and stomach）， and 9.52% into dampness syndromes （phlegm-dampness internal obstruction and wind-dampness obstruction）. In contrast， 20% of spleen and kidney Qi deficiency syndrome transformed into kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， and 33.33% of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome transformed into kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. ConclusionAs Ⅰ CKD progresses to Ⅴ CKD， the severity of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome gradually increases， and the syndrome characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency become pronounced. Furthermore， the pathogenic factors， such as phlegm-dampness， blood stasis， and turbidity-toxin， gradually increase. With the change of time， kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD tends to evolve into syndromes related to Qi deficiency， Yin deficiency， and dampness. The discovery of these rules provides a theoretical basis and reference guidance for the treatment of CKD based on syndrome differentiation.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo study the correlations of the characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD） with clinical indicators and to explore the risk factors of kidney Yang deficiency in CKD. MethodThe differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome classified the 225 CKD patients who met the inclusion criteria into two groups： one group of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome （99 patients） and one group of non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome （126 patients）. The symptoms， tongue manifestation， pulse manifestation， and accompanied symptoms of the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group were recorded. The syndrome characteristics were summarized by factor analysis and clustering analysis. The levels of hemoglobin, red blood cell count, urinary protein, urinary glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen and glomerular filtration rate were compared between the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group, the non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group and the normal control group by ANOVA and non-parametric test. The binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the correlations of lifestyle， body mass index （BMI） with syndrome. ResultThe high-frequency symptoms of CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome were waist pain， fear of cold， favor of warm， lethargy， fear of cold at waist and knees， etc. The patients mainly presented deep pulse， thready pulse， or weak pulse， and the tongue with white coating， greasy coating， or thin coating. A total of 13 common factors were obtained， which can be classified into 5 categories. The patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome mainly had symptoms in limbs （especially lower limbs）， chest， bladder， fleshy exterior， and stomach， with the main manifestations of deficiency-cold， Qi deficiency， fluid retention， and blood stasis. The clustering analysis classified the patients into 11 categories， which reflected that kidney Yang deficiency syndrome mainly presented the symptoms of Qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention， with fleshy exterior， limbs， spleen， stomach， ears， mind， and bladder involved. The results of clustering analysis and factor analysis were consistent， both of which indicated that the patients were weak with deficiency-cold， accompanied by fluid retention and blood stasis. Frequency analysis also showed that common symptoms mainly included Qi deficiency， fluid retention， cold-dampness， and blood stasis. Compared with the non-kidney Yang deficiency group， the kidney Yang deficiency group showed a large proportion of patients in stage 3-5 CKD， elevated urea nitrogen （P<0.05）， decreased glomerular filtration rate， hemoglobin， and red blood cell count （P<0.05）， and increased qualitative grade of urine protein. In addition， the results of regression analysis showed that female， little or no exercise， and diet preference were the risk factors for kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe disease location and manifestations have correspondence in the CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. The TCM symptoms are correlated with clinical indicators. Hemoglobin， red blood cell count， glomerular filtration rate， urea nitrogen， and urine protein can reflect the connotation of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD to a certain extent. Additionally， related risk factors in life can affect the occurrence of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo study the correlations of the characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD） with clinical indicators and to explore the risk factors of kidney Yang deficiency in CKD. MethodThe differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome classified the 225 CKD patients who met the inclusion criteria into two groups： one group of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome （99 patients） and one group of non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome （126 patients）. The symptoms， tongue manifestation， pulse manifestation， and accompanied symptoms of the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group were recorded. The syndrome characteristics were summarized by factor analysis and clustering analysis. The levels of hemoglobin, red blood cell count, urinary protein, urinary glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen and glomerular filtration rate were compared between the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group, the non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group and the normal control group by ANOVA and non-parametric test. The binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the correlations of lifestyle， body mass index （BMI） with syndrome. ResultThe high-frequency symptoms of CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome were waist pain， fear of cold， favor of warm， lethargy， fear of cold at waist and knees， etc. The patients mainly presented deep pulse， thready pulse， or weak pulse， and the tongue with white coating， greasy coating， or thin coating. A total of 13 common factors were obtained， which can be classified into 5 categories. The patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome mainly had symptoms in limbs （especially lower limbs）， chest， bladder， fleshy exterior， and stomach， with the main manifestations of deficiency-cold， Qi deficiency， fluid retention， and blood stasis. The clustering analysis classified the patients into 11 categories， which reflected that kidney Yang deficiency syndrome mainly presented the symptoms of Qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention， with fleshy exterior， limbs， spleen， stomach， ears， mind， and bladder involved. The results of clustering analysis and factor analysis were consistent， both of which indicated that the patients were weak with deficiency-cold， accompanied by fluid retention and blood stasis. Frequency analysis also showed that common symptoms mainly included Qi deficiency， fluid retention， cold-dampness， and blood stasis. Compared with the non-kidney Yang deficiency group， the kidney Yang deficiency group showed a large proportion of patients in stage 3-5 CKD， elevated urea nitrogen （P<0.05）， decreased glomerular filtration rate， hemoglobin， and red blood cell count （P<0.05）， and increased qualitative grade of urine protein. In addition， the results of regression analysis showed that female， little or no exercise， and diet preference were the risk factors for kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe disease location and manifestations have correspondence in the CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. The TCM symptoms are correlated with clinical indicators. Hemoglobin， red blood cell count， glomerular filtration rate， urea nitrogen， and urine protein can reflect the connotation of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD to a certain extent. Additionally， related risk factors in life can affect the occurrence of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD.
ABSTRACT
Through reviewing and summarizing classical literatures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern medical research results,TCM kidney-marrow system was presented and initially explained.The kidney marrow system is inseparable in structure,interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.The kidney-marrow system can be applied to the treatment of major diseases in TCM,which included metabolic bone diseases,brain and neurological disorders,haematological diseases and etc.,with significant clinical effects.The in-depth study on TCM kidney marrow system will improve the clinical curative effect of major TCM clinical diseases and achieve the precision treatment in traditional medicine.It displays unique advantages of TCM holism concept and achieves new breakthrough in TCM clinical diseases.
ABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to observe the effect of Yisui Shengxue (YSSX) granules on CD4+ CD25 + regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and its treatment mechanism in aplastic anemia (AA) rats.Male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into different groups according to their weight.In the model group,subcutaneous injection of benzene (1 mL· kg-1)was given every other day for 7 consecutive weeks.Ten days before the rats were sacrificed,intraperitoneal injection of CTX (25 mL · kg-1) was given for 3 consecutive days.On the 4th week,model rats were divided into the model group,stanozolol group,and the YSSX granules group.Intragastric administration of corresponding drug was given.Same volume of normal saline was given to the normal group and the model group.At the end of the experiment,WBC,RBC,HGB and PLT in peripheral blood were detected.Blood smear and bone marrow smear were prepared.The Foxp3 protein expression of Treg cells in spleen tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).RT-PCR was used to detect the Foxp3 mRNA expression in bone marrow tissues.The results showed that compared with the normal group,WBC,RBC,HGB and PLT in the model group were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01).The blood smear showed poor permeability of blood cells,reduced WBCs,and increased degenerated cells.The bone marrow smear indicated significantly increased fat drops,significantly reduced hematopoietic cells,and increased nonhematopoietic cells.After the treatment of YSSX granules,WBC,RBC,HGB and PLT were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).Both the blood smear and bone marrow smear showed cell permeability improvement,cell form returns to normal,fat drops significantly reduced,significantly increased hematopoietic cells,significantly increased Foxp3 protein expression in spleen tissues and Foxp3 mRNA expression in bone marrow tissues (P ＜ 0.01).It was concluded that YSSX granules can upregulate both gene and protein expression of Foxp3,regulate AA immune function in order to improve the AA immune environment,promote the recovery of bone marrow hematopoietic function,which played an important role in AA treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the effect of the prescription Tangshenning on the proliferation of the high glucoseinduced cells of near-end kidney tubules.Method:To prepare durg-contained serum from mice to enter into in vitor reaction system,the cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:the normal group,the model group,the,the irbesartan group,the tangshenning group and then detect the effects of all serum sections on the proliferation of high glucoseinduced epithelial cells of kidney tubules by the MTT colorimetric method,and the expression of RhoA,ROCK 1,Ecadherin and α-SMA in each group were detected by Western blotting.Result:The high glucose group of renal tubular epithelial cells form from the flat irregular polygon into long fusiform;After adding the drug-containing serum corresponding intervention into the cells into a flat in irregular polygon.The high glucose group of renal tubular epithelial cells show obvious proliferation condition,In the condition of 24 h,48 h,The high glucose group proliferation is better than the normal group (P＜0.01),in 60 h,The high glucose group proliferation is better than the normal group (P＜0.05);In 24 h,compared with the irbesartan,Tangshenning has better effect of inhibiting the cell proliferation(P＜0.05);In 48 h,Tangshenning has the better effect than irbesartan and Y27632 (P＜0.01);In 60 h,Tangshenning has the better effect than irbesartan and Y27632 (P＜0.05);Western blotting:Western blotting analysis showed that compared with the normal group,the expression of RhoA protein in high glucose group and Y27632 decreased (P＜0.01);The high glucose group and Tangshenning have significant difference (P＜0.01);Y27632 and Tangshenning have difference (P＜0.05).compared with the normal group,the expression of ROCK1 protein in high glucose group decreased (P＜0.01);The high glucose group,Tangshenning,the irbesartan and Y27632 have difference (P＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the expression of a-SMA protein in high glucose group decreased (P＜0.01);The high glucose group,Tangshenning,the irbesartan and Y27632 have difference (P＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the expression of E-Cadherin protein in high glucose group increased (P＜0.05).Y27632 and Tangshenning have difference (P＜0.05).The high glucose group,Tangshenning,the irbesartan and Y27632 have difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The prescription Tangshenning is able to inhibit the proliferation of high glucose-induced epithelial cells of kidney tubules and and can reverse renal tubularepithelial cell transdifferentiation via regulating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway,and restrain renal interstitial fibrosis,thereby delaying the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.
ABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to study the renal protective effect of Tang-Shen-Ning (TSN) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) KKAy mice by inhibiting the Notch/snail1 signal transduction pathway.A total of 30 KKAy mice,which were fed with mice-dedicated food for 10 weeks and with the blood glucose over 16.7 mmol· L-1,24-hour urinary albumin larger than 0.4 mg,were made into the DN model.The DN mice were randomly divided into the model group,irbesartan group and TSN group according to their blood glucose and weight.Intragastric administration of medication was given.A total of 10 female C57BL/6J mice were selected as the control group.The general condition,body weight and 24-hour urinary protein quantitation were detected.After 16-week intervention,mice were sacrificed.Levels of blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected.HE and Mallory staining were applied to renal tissues.In situ hybridization (ISH) and western blotting were used to detect the Notch/snail 1 pathway,α-SMA,E-Cadherin protein and mRNA expression in renal tissues.Statistical analysis was made by SPSS20.0 software.The results showed that compared with the model group,the rats' general conditions were improved;body weight and 24-hour urinary protein quantitation were significantly decreased (P＜0.01);contents of BUN and Scr were reduced (P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The pathological staining showed significantly reduction on renal interstitial fibrosis.The Notch/snail1 pathway,protein and mRNA expression of α-SMA were significant reduced with statistical significance (P＜0.01);protein and mRNA expression of E-Cad protein were significant increased with statistical significance (P＜0.01).It was concluded that TSN can protect the renal function of DN,delay the disease progression of DN,and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells and renal interstitial fibrosis.Furthermore,the inhibition on EMT may be through the regulation of the Notch/snail1 pathway.
ABSTRACT
To study the effect of the Tangshenping containing serum on the proliferation of the high glucose-induced epithelial cells of renal tubules.To prepare durg-contained serum from rats to enter into in vitor reaction system,the cellscultured via 10％ FBS-RPMI 1640 were randomly divided into 7groups:the normal group,themodel group,the Y27632 group,theirbesartangroup,the small dose Tangshenping group,the medium dose Tangshenping group and the high dose Tangshenping group and The cells were cultured in 3000 cells/well and grown in 96-well plates.Each group had 8 wells,then detect the effects of all serum sections on the proliferation of high glucose-induced epithelial cells of kidney tubules by the MTT colorimetric method after cultured for 12 h,24 h,48 h,and 60 h.Based on the results above,cell protein were extracted from each group at 24 h,and the expression of RhoA,ROCK1,α-SMA and E-cadherin in each group were detected by Western blotting.After high glucose stimulation,the shape of cell was shuttle-like or irregular triangle,the way it grew was radial;after the intervention of the corresponding serum,the shape of the cell was fiat and irregular polygonal.Started with 12h,compared with the normal group,OD value of other groups increased;at the 24h、48hand 60h,compared with the normal group,OD value of high glucose groupincreased significantly (P＜0.01);compared with the high glucose group,OD value of treatment groups decreased (P＜0.05);and 48 h,compared with the Y27632group,irbesartan groupand Tangshenping high dose group,OD value of Tangshenping low and medium dose groups decreased (P＜0.05);60 h,compared with Y27632 group,OD value of Tangshenping medium dose groups decreased;compared with irbesartan group,OD value of o Tangshenpinggroupsdecreased (P＜0.05);compared with Tangshenping high dose group,OD value of Tangshenpinglow groupsdecreased (P＜0.05) Western blotting analysis showed that compared with normal group,the expression of E-Cadherin protein in high glucose group reduced,and the expression of RhoA,ROCK1 and α-SMA protein increased;compared with high glucose group,the expression of E-Cadherin protein in each treating group increased,and the Tangshenping large dose group wassignificantly different (P＜0.01);the expression of RhoA,ROCK1 and or-SMA protein reduced,Tangshenping,the large dose group was significantlydifferent (P＜0.01);Compared with the Y27632 group,the expression of E-cadherin,ROCK1 and α-SMA protein in Tangshenping large dose group had no significant difference,while the expression of RhoAproteinreduced (P ＜0.01).Compared with theirbesartan group,the expression of E-cadherin,RhoA,ROCK1 and α-SMA protein in Tangshenping large dose group had no significant difference (P＞0.05).The Tangshenping containing serum is abletoinhibit the proliferation of high glucose-induced epithelial cells of kidney tubules,and can reverse renal tubular-epithelial cell transdifferentiation via regulating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway,and restrain renal interstitial fibrosis,thereby delaying the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to explore the renoprotective effects of Tang-Shen-Ping (TSP) on RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in KKAy mice with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).A total of 60 female 10-week SPF degree KKAy mice,which were fed with KK special food for 10 weeks,were made into DKD model.Mice were randomly divided in the model group,irbesartan group,low-,medium-and high-dose TSP group (0.525 g· kg-1,1.05 g· kg-1,and 2.1 g· kg-1).Ten female C57BL/6J mice were used as the normal control group.Mice of each group were intragastrically administered with corresponding medicine,respectively,while mice of the control group and the model group were given deionized water of the equal volume.The body weight was measured and the 24-hour urine protein quantification was detected every 4 weeks.At the end of the 26th week,all mice were sacrificed and the biochemical indicators,such as fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),and triglyceride (TG) were measured.HE staining,Mallory staining and PAS staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of kidney tissues.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used in the detection of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA),Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1),α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),E-Cadherin (E-Cad) mRNA and protein expression.The results showed that compared with the model group,there were significant differences on body weight,the ratio of kidney weight to body weight,and urinary protein in the middle-and high-dose TSP group (P ＜ 0.01);the renal pathological damage was obviously decreased;contents of FBG,BUN,Scr and TG decreased (P ＜ 0.01);mRNA and protein expression of E-Cadherin increased;mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1,RhoA,ROCK1 and α-SMA decreased with significant difference in the middle-and high-dosc TSP group (P ＜ 0.01).It was concluded that the renoprotective effects and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells of TSP on DKD KKAy mice may be related to the regulation of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious long-term complication and major death cause of patients who have suffered from diabetes mellitus (DM),which is a serious threat to the health of human being.Professor Zhao Zongjiang first came up with the of DKD "consumptive kidney disease" scientific theory,and led the scientific research team for DKD research.Our team had achieved some results,which were mainly focused on the animal experiments and cell culture experiment.And the research fields covered pharmacodynamics,oxidative stress levels and signal transduction pathways.Focusing on the reduction of extracellular matrix in the glomerular mesangial area and tubulointerstitial deposition,inhibition of podocyte injury,inhibition of podocyte apoptosis,inhibition and reversal of podocyte transdifferentiation,inhibition of renal tubular epithelial cell transdifferentiation and other scientific issues,this paper systematically explored the biological mechanism of DKD "consumptive kidney disease" scientific theory.This paper explained how "consumptive kidney disease" scientific theory was proposed and summarized related research results of our research team and developed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory by supplying the TCM "consumptive organ disease" theory.
ABSTRACT
There was preliminary understanding of the kidney-marrow correlation from the pre-Qin to Han dynasty.Until Wei-Jin and Sui-Tang dynasty,the close relationship between kidney-essence-marrow-bone-blood-brain was gradually realized in terms of the structure and physiological function.There was a new anatomical understanding of marrow in the Song,Jin and Yuan dynasty.The concept of spinal cord was put forward for the first time.There was also the etiology and pathogenesis on kidney marrow related diseases.In the Ming and Qing dynasty,there was in-depth understanding on the kidney-marrow correlation.However,the concept of kidney-marrow system was not clearly proposed.Modern scholars summarized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories on kidney stores essence,essence generates marrow,marrow enriches brain,nourishes bone and transfers into blood. Then,the kidney-marrow systemhad begun to take form.It laid a theoretical foundation for the construction of kidney-marrow system..
ABSTRACT
The kidney stores essence,essence generates marrow is one of the important contents in zaag-xiang theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).The kidney-marrow-brain,kidney-marrow-bone and other biological axis put forward by modern scholars took kidney-marrow system as their cores.Derived from this basis as well as under the guidance of TCM holism concept,the construction of TCM kidney-marrow system has been continuously improved;and the kidney-marrow correlation theory has been enriched.To better grasp and apply the kidney-marrow correlation theory can solve clinical problems of major diseases.However,doctors in past dynasties did not clearly define kidney-marrow system. It has not formed a complete theoretical system.Marrow in the kidney-marrow system contained brain,spinal cord and bone marrow.Marrow can generate blood,which nourishes bone together with the bone marrow.The bone marrow connects with the brain and spinal cord,which are all related to blood.Hence,the function of marrow generates blood occupied an important position in the kidney-marrow system. In this paper,the structure and function of the kidney-marrow system were preliminarily explained and constructed;and the kidney-marrow system related theories were further enriched.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic nephropathy was one of the diseases with high incidence and difficult to treat in modern society. Modern medicine had focused on the prevention and treatment of this difficult disease to delay its development. ProfessorZhao Zongjiang, who had been working on the treatment of kidney diseases with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern medicine for many years, had deep understanding on integrative medicine treatment of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), diabetic nephropathy treatment with unique TCM principles, methods, prescriptions and herbs, with rich clinical experiences, rational medication and significant therapeutic effects. Under the guidance of professorZhao Zongjiang, this article started with consumptive kidney disease in combination with a large amount of professorZhao Zongjiang’s research results, for the discussion of professor Zhao Zongjiang’s academic thoughts and clinical experiences in disease treatment to provide references in this field.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Bu-Shen Y i-Sui Sheng-Xue (BSYSSX) method on pro-liferation and differentiation mechanisms of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The rat models were established by 60Co-γrays and cyclophosphamide. Compound Chinese medicine was gavaged to rats of the normal control group, model group, stanozolol group, Yi-Sui Sheng-Xue (YSSX) group, Wen-Shen Sheng-Xue(WSSX) group and Zi-Shen Sheng-Xue (ZSSX) group. Then, serum of rat was prepared. Rat bone marrow cells were incubated with AA rats serum ac-counted for 20% and the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells colony-forming units (CFU) were counted. The level of GATA-1 and PU.1 mRNA in colony cells were detected with RT-PCR. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the number of bone marrow cells, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-GM, as well as the expres-sion of GATA-1 and PU.1 mRNA in the model group decreased significantly (P< 0.01). Compared with the model group, the number of bone marrow cells, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-GM of each treatment group were significantly in-creased (P< 0.01). CFU-E and BFU-E of the ZSSX group were better than the YSSX group (P < 0.01). CFU-GM of the ZSSX group was better than the YSSX group and the WSSX group. The expression of GATA-1 and PU.1 mR-NA in each treatment group were significantly higher than the model group (P< 0.01). The expression of GATA-1 mRNA in the ZSSX group was better than the YSSZ group and WSSX group (P< 0.05). The expression of PU.1 mR-NA in the ZSSX group was higher than the YSSX group and WSSX group. It was concluded that BSYSSX method may increase the expression of GATA-1 and PU.1 mRNA in order to promote the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. The ZSSX method was better than the YSSX method and WSSX method.
ABSTRACT
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a Tlymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease. The research on AA was focused on three areas, which were the pathogenesis of immune dysfunction, hematopoietic stem cell damage and abnormal hematopoietic microenvironment. In recent years, more attentions have been paid on abnormal immune mechanisms in the blood. There are complex intracellular cytokine and signal transduction pathway of pathogenesis in AA. And T-bet/IFN-γ signaling pathway plays an important role in development and progression of AA. This article aimed to review T-bet/IFN-γ signaling pathways in AA.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein and CTGF mRNA in kidney tissue of rats with adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy and to study the effects of compound Biejia Ruangan tablet (CBJRGT), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of liver fibrosis. METHODS: A rat model of ADR-induced nephropathy after one-sided nephrectomy was established. Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, sham-operated group, untreated group, lotensin-treated group and CBJRGT-treated group. Pathological changes of the kidney tissue were observed by microscopy after 10-week drug administration. The expressions of CTGF protein and CTGF mRNA in the kidney tissue were measured by the methods of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The expressions of CTGF protein and CTGF mRNA in the normal and sham-operated groups were decreased in the intracytoplasm of glomerular mesangial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial cells. Compared with the sham-operated group, the expressions of CTGF protein and CTGF mRNA in the untreated group were markedly increased and the development of renal fibrosis in the untreated group could be observed. CBJRGT could significantly decrease the expressions of CTGF protein and CTGF mRNA, and there was no significant difference between CBJRGT-treated group and lotensin-treated group. CONCLUSION: CBJRGT may suppress the development of fibrosis through down-regulating the expressions of CTGF protein and CTGF mRNA.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the effect of HaikunShenxi on expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in renal tubules of STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats.Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control and diabetic nephropathy.Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ.The diabetic models were affirmed upon blood glucose ≥16.5 mmol/L,urinary glucose ≥ ++++ 72h after the injection.And the diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups: model group,irbesartan treatment group,low and high dose HaikunShenxi treatment group.24-hour urine volume,24-hour urinary protein excretion were examined at week 4,8,and 12 respectively.All the rats were sacrificed at week 12;body weight,kidney weight,and serum excretion,serum creatinine,blood urea nitroge were detected.Kidney were taken for pathological examination(HE,Mallory stain),The expressions of CTGF in rat renal were detected respectively by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.Result: 24-hour urine volume,24-hour urinary protein excretion were examined at week 4,8,and 12 respectively.All the rats were sacrificed at week 12;body weight,kidney weight,and serum excretion,serum creatinine,blood urea nitroge was improved by HaikunShenxi preparation.Haikunshenxi can alleviate severe pathological changes of kidney structure in rats with DN,The expression of CTGF in the HaikunShenxi treatment group was depressed greatly.Conclusions: The overexpression of CTGF in renal tissue of diabetic rats may be one of the mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy,haikunshenxi had certainly protective effects on it.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the expression of tansforming growth factor(TGF)-?1 and mRNA in the renal tubules of Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control and diabetic nephropathy.Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ.And the diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups: model group,irbesartan treatment group,Haikunshenxi low and high dose group.Twenty-four-hour urine volume and urinary protein excretion were examined at week 4,8,and 12 respectively.All the rats were sacrificed at week 12,and body weight,kidney weight,and serum excretion,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen were examined.The expression of TGF-?1and mRNA in rat renal tissue were detected respectively by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.The graphic analysis system and SPSS 11.5 statistics software were used to treat the results.Results The expression of TGF-?1and mRNA in the Haikunshenxi group was depressed greatly(P
ABSTRACT
Abstract Treating different diseases with same method and treating same disease with different methods have profound theoretical origins as an important content of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment system.This theory is introduced into studies of TCM prevention and treatment of fibrosis and sclerosis of the liver,kidney.lung and other organs to search for effective drugs for common treatment of multiple organ fibrosis.so as to reveal the essenee of fibrosis and sclerosis of organs and open a new way for TCM prevention and treatment of refractory diseases;to provide experimental basis for TCM theory of treating different diseases with same method and treating same disease with different methods,and to provide new thinking and new method for studies of integrated western and Chinese medicine,TCM modernization and standardization.