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Objective To know the situation of extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing,and provide reference for AIDS prevention and treatment.Methods From October to December 2017,a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥50 years who lived in Dazu and Hechuan districts of Chongqing for at least one year,with a sample size of 410.Face-to-face questionnaires survey and HIV antibody test were conducted.Results A total of 408 people were surveyed,including 313 males and 95 females aged 50-88 (64.93 ± 9.03) years.The HIV infection rate was 1.47％ (6/408),with the rate of 1.28％ (4/313) in males and 2.11％ (2/95) in females.The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 37.50％ (153/408).And 18.87％ (77/408) of subjects surveyed reported extramarital sexual behaviors,7.60％ (31/408) reported extramarital sexual behaviors in the past half year,the constant condom use rate was 19.35％ (6/31).The results of multivariate logistics model analysis on extramarital sexual behaviors showed that the prevalence in males were 39.51 times higher than that in females (OR=39.51,95％CI:5.03-310.30),4.60 times higher in those who were unmarried,divorced or widowed than that in the married or cohabitants (OR=4.60,95％CI:1.50-14.05),2.03 times higher in those with outside activities than those with individual activities (OR=2.03,95％CI:1.08-3.81) and 3.94 times higher in those with self-evaluation of emptiness of living state than that in those with engaged life (OR=3.94,95％CI:1.86-8.36).Conclusions The prevalence of extramarital sexual behavior in middle-aged and elderly people in some counties and districts in Chongqing is high.The factors such as gender,marital status,leisure activities,and self-evaluation of living state were related to the prevalence of extramarital sexual behaviors in this population.The condom use rate in extramarital sexual behavior was low.It is necessary to take effective interventions in this population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To know the situation of extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing,and provide reference for AIDS prevention and treatment.Methods From October to December 2017,a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥50 years who lived in Dazu and Hechuan districts of Chongqing for at least one year,with a sample size of 410.Face-to-face questionnaires survey and HIV antibody test were conducted.Results A total of 408 people were surveyed,including 313 males and 95 females aged 50-88 (64.93 ± 9.03) years.The HIV infection rate was 1.47％ (6/408),with the rate of 1.28％ (4/313) in males and 2.11％ (2/95) in females.The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 37.50％ (153/408).And 18.87％ (77/408) of subjects surveyed reported extramarital sexual behaviors,7.60％ (31/408) reported extramarital sexual behaviors in the past half year,the constant condom use rate was 19.35％ (6/31).The results of multivariate logistics model analysis on extramarital sexual behaviors showed that the prevalence in males were 39.51 times higher than that in females (OR=39.51,95％CI:5.03-310.30),4.60 times higher in those who were unmarried,divorced or widowed than that in the married or cohabitants (OR=4.60,95％CI:1.50-14.05),2.03 times higher in those with outside activities than those with individual activities (OR=2.03,95％CI:1.08-3.81) and 3.94 times higher in those with self-evaluation of emptiness of living state than that in those with engaged life (OR=3.94,95％CI:1.86-8.36).Conclusions The prevalence of extramarital sexual behavior in middle-aged and elderly people in some counties and districts in Chongqing is high.The factors such as gender,marital status,leisure activities,and self-evaluation of living state were related to the prevalence of extramarital sexual behaviors in this population.The condom use rate in extramarital sexual behavior was low.It is necessary to take effective interventions in this population.
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Objective To assay Icariine, Epimedin C, asperosaponin Ⅵ, psoralen and angelicin in Xianlinggubao capsules via multi-wavelength HPLC method.Methods Separation was carried out on Welch Ultimate○R XB-C18 column.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water system and a linear gradient elution was used.The column temperature was 30 ℃.The detection wavelength for Icariine, Epimedin C,asperosaponin Ⅵ was set at 212 nm, psoralen and angelicin at 246 nm.Results Five components reached baseline separation, the linearity was good when sample size was in the range of 0.008 2-0.328 μg for Icariine(r=0.999 5), 0.055 6-2.224 μg for Epimedin C (r=0.999 6), 0.144 1-5.764 μg for asperosaponin Ⅵ(r=0.999 6), 0.005 4-0.215 2 μg for psoralen(r=0.998 0), 0.006 6-0.265 6 μg for angelicin(r=0.998 5).The average recoveries were 97.59％, 98.58％, 98.11％, 97.86％, 98.22％ respectively.The RSDs of recovery were all less than 2.0％.Conclusion This method is simple, accurate, with good separation, high sensitivity for the assay of multiple components in Xianlinggubao capsule.
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Objective To know basic characteristics of MSM infected with HIV treated by highly active antiretroviral thera‐py(HAART) ,and evaluate therapeutic effect based on the level of CD4+ T cell counts .Methods Basic database of patients were collected from the national AIDS comprehensive data information system ,patients were observed by the retrospective cohort study , and effect indicators were analyzed based on the level of CD4+ T cell counts .The data was analyzed by SPSS18 .0 software .Results A total of 1 758 cases were recruited in this study and the average age was (33 .5 ± 11 .1)years .The component ratio of the CD4+T cell counts 350/μL were 7 .7% ,27 .6% ,54 .9% ,9 .7% ,respectively .The CD4+ T counts increased and kept among 150 to 250/μL ,250 to 350/μL ,350 to 450/μL ,450 to 550/μL ,respectively after 12 months ,treat‐ment .The rates of viral inhibition were 70 .2% ,81 .7% ,84 .2% ,83 .3% ,respectively after 6 months′treatment .And the cumulative survival rates were 0 .81 ,0 .93 ,0 .98 ,1 .0 after 36 ,months treatment ,respectively .Conclusion HAART on MSM achieves remarka‐ble results .And the early treatment was more beneficial to improve immune function ,reduce AIDS mortality and control the HIV/AIDS epidemic of MSM .
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BACKGROUND: Chinese medicine is rich in recognition and treatment for rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and has achieved attractable progression in researches of recent several years,characterized by variable therapeutic methods, definite therapeutic effects and few toxic side effects. Therefore, it is important scientifically and socially to further search for the effective drugs and methods for the treatment of RA in the field of Chinese medicine. There are few reports on whether Chinese herbs inhibit or block the destruction of cartilage and bone and promote their metabolism and repair for damage or not by variable approaches,targets and links in RA occurrence.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the mechanism of Chinese herbal tongbiling on cartilage destruction.DESIGN: Complete random design and control experimental study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Golden Chamber teaching and research room of guangzhou university of traditional Chinese medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Comprehensive Experimental Room of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2002 to December 2003,in which,35female Wistar rats were employed,clean grade,weighted(110±20) g,provided by Animal Experimental Room of First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, with qualified animal No. 2002A041.After 3 days adaptive breeding,Wistar rats were randomized into normal group,model group and total alkaloidal of tongbiling group(TBL group). TBL was extracted in Phytochemistry Room of Tropical Disease Institute of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: The animal model was prepared on rats with collagen-induced arthritis. After treated with gastric infusion in groups,the pathological sections were done on phalangeal joint of rat and chondropathy was observed after routine HE staining. The chondrocytes were cultured. The chondrocytes were stimulated with rrIL-1β in vitro and resulted in matrix decomposition of chondrycyte to prepare pharmaceutical model,TBL of various concentrations added and dexamethasone(DXM) was applied in the control. After 48 hours culture,the upper clear solution if cell was collected and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was measured with alcian blue method,and nitric oxygen (NO) content was assayed with method of aqua fortis reduction.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Primary results: Effect of TBL on phalangeal chondropathy in rats with collagen-induced arthritis and on matrix decomposition of chondrocyte induced by rrIL-1β.②Secondary results: Effect of TBL on induction of NO synthesis from chondrocytes by rrIL-1β.RESULTS:①It was indicated in evaluation on HE pathological section of phalangeal joint: The severity of cartilage destruction in TBL group was less than that in model group(P<0.05).②TBL of various concentrations and DXM inhibited remarkably the decomposition of choncrocyte proteoglycan (P<0.01) and NO synthesis (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: TBL inhibits phalangeal cartilage destruction of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. It is indicated in the results of experiment in vitro that TBL is against the decomposition of choncrocyte proteoglycan,which is probably achieved by inhibiting NO synthesis.
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Object To identify Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don., Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. var. chekiangensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia. with FTIR.Methods Their IR spectra were obtained by direct FTIR.Results The infrared spectra of F. cirrhosa, F. thunbergii, F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis were different.Conclusion F. cirrhosa, F. thunbergii, and F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis were identified by FTIR directly, fastly and accurately.