ABSTRACT
Nasal preparations have unique advantages in drug delivery and are widely used in the treatment of local and systemic diseases. Nasal administration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in China. In recent years， nasal preparations of TCM have attracted wide attention. Based on the information about nasal preparations of TCM from the database of National Medical Products Administration （NMPA）， Yaozh.com and China National Knowledge Internet （CNKI） in the recent 30 years， the formulation， the listed products， commonly used TCM， pharmaceutical excipients， clinical application and safety research of modern nasal preparations of TCM were summarized and expounded. Focusing on many problems in the development of modern nasal preparations of TCM， such as inaccurate dosage of some products， incomplete quality standard system of pharmaceutical excipients， imperfect safety evaluation， lack of research and development of nasal drug delivery devices and so on， the possible solutions and prospects were put forward from the aspects of optimizing the extraction and separation process of TCM， the quality control and application method of pharmaceutical excipients， the development of new dosage forms， the safety evaluation of nasal administration of TCM， and the design and development of nasal administration devices. The aim is to provide ideas for the development of nasal preparations of TCM and provide scientific basis for its sustainable utilization.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the predictive value of tumor metabolic indexes measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT in recurrence of stage Ⅰ NSCLC after surgery.Methods A total of 85 patients (44 males,41 females,age (62.46± 10.38) years) in Shanghai Renji Hospital with stage Ⅰ NSCLC,who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent surgical resection,were retrospectively enrolled from April 2006 to December 2011.Gender,age,tumor size,pathology,SUVmax,MTV and TLG of the primary tumor were selected as variables.ROC curve analysis was used to analyze the cut off value.The prognostic significance of parameters for recurrence-free survival (RFS) was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.Survival analysis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results During follow-up period,tumor recurrence occurred in 21 patients (24.7％,21/85) and 11 patients (12.9％,11/85) died.The median follow-up period was 44 months.The median values of SUVmax,MTV and TLG were 4.100,3.048 cm3 and 7.970,respectively.Cut off values of SUVmax,MTV and TLG were 7.115,4.701 cm3 and 12.015 according to ROC curve analysis.Univariate Cox analysis showed that SUVmax(x2 =22.091),MTV (x2 =4.941) and TLG(x2 =10.488) were associated with RFS(all P＜0.05).But gender,age,tumor size,and pathology were not independent risk factors of recurrence (x2=0.248-3.888,all P＞0.05).Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that SUVmax(=16.902,HR=15.426,P＜0.05) and TLG (x2=6.029,HR=4.054,P＜0.05) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the period of RFS in high SUVmax (＞ 7.115) group (x2=32.545,P＜0.05) and in high TLG (＞12.015) group (x2=12.665,P＜0.05) were lower than those in low SUVmax group and low TLG group.Conclusion The SUVmax and TLG measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT have significant value for predicting the recurrence of stage Ⅰ NSCLC.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effects of simvastatin and non-POU-dormain-containing, octamer-binding protein (NONO): on the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods: The expression levels of NONO mRNA and protein and the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells after transfection with NONO gene-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA): (siRNA-NONO): and the NONO over-expression recombination vector pcDNA4/TONONO were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and cell counting, respectively. The proliferation and expression levels of NONO mRNA and protein of breast cancer MCF-7 cells after treatment with simvastatin (20 μmol/L): were detected by cell counting, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blotting, respectively. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells after treatment with simvastatin in pcDNA4/TO-NONO transfection group was determined by cell counting. The expression level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMCCR): mRNA and the concentration of cholesterol were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and tissue total cholesterol assay, respectively. Results: The expression levels of NONO mRNA and protein of MCF-7 cells in siRNA-NONO transfection group were lower than those in siRNA negative control (siRNA-NC): transfection group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The expression levels of NONO mRNA and protein of MCF-7 cells in pcDNA4/TO-NONO transfection group were higher than those in the empty vector pcDNA4/TO transfection group (both P < 0.01). The ability of proliferation of MCF-7 cells in siRNA-NONO transfection group was lower than that in siRNA-NC group (P < 0.05), while the ability of proliferation of MCF-7 cells in pcDNA4/TO-NONO transfection group was higher than that in the empty vector pcDNA4/TO transfection group (P < 0.05). The ability of proliferation and the expression levels of NONO mRNA and protein of MCF-7 cells in simvastatin (20 μmol/L): treatment group were lower than those in the control group (MCF-7 cells without simvastatin treatment): (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The ability of proliferation of MCF-7 cells after treatment with simvastatin in pcDNA4/TO-NONO transfection group was lower than that in the group without simvastatin treatment (P < 0.01). The expression levels of HMCCR mRNA and cholesterol of MCF-7 cells in siRNA-NONO transfection group were lower than those in the siRNA-NC transfection group (all P < 0.01): Conclusion: Simvastatin can suppress the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and this effect may be related to the inhibition of NONO expression.