ABSTRACT
Background/Aims@#Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is characterized by intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus. The aims of this study are to: (1) Compare baseline distal esophageal impedance (DEI) using high-resolution esophageal manometry with impedance (HREMI) in patients with BE, esophagitis, and healthy volunteers and (2) Correlate length of low impedance on HREMI in patients with BE to the length of endoscopic BE. @*Methods@#Patients with BE or esophagitis who underwent HREMI were included. Ten volunteers had HREMI. Baseline DEI was calculated from HREMI using the landmark segment. In patients with BE, the impedance was plotted to measure the extent of plotted low impedance (PLI) and visual low impedance (VLI). Lengths of VLI and PLI were correlated to endoscopic length of BE by Prague score. @*Results@#Forty-five patients were included (16 BE; 19 esophagitis; 10 volunteers). BE patients had lower baseline DEI at the first, second, and third sensors above the lower esophageal sphincter (mean ± SEM: 1.37 ± 0.45, 0.97 ± 0.27, and 0.81 ± 0.20) compared to volunteers (8.73 ± 0.60, 8.20 ± 0.73, and 6.94 ± 0.99; P < 0.001). Baseline DEI was lower in BE than esophagitis patients (2.98 ± 0.65, 2.49 ± 0.56, and 2.01 ± 0.51) at the first, second, and third sensors (P < 0.052 for second and third sensors); ie, BE < esophagitis < controls. PLI and VLI had a stronger correlation to circumferential score (r2 = 0.84 and 0.83) than maximal score (r2 = 0.76 and 0.68). @*Conclusions@#Baseline DEI is lower in BE compared with esophagitis and healthy volunteers. The length of low impedance correlates to the endoscopic extent of BE. Thus, impedance values during HREMI may help suggest the presence and extent of BE or esophagitis.
ABSTRACT
A pharmacokinetic study of anticancer drugs was carried out in 18 Hodgkin's lymphoma male patients. The anticancer drugs were administered to the patient by a standard procedure and a validated HPLC method was used for plasma concentration determination. Maximum plasma concentration [C[max]] of Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine [ABVD] were 7.71, 4.32, 7.95 and 6.51 micro g/ml respectively. Adriamycin and Dacarbazine exhibited longer T[max] compared to Bleomycin and Vinblastine. Area under the curve values of ABVD were 118.30, 82.11, 245.54 and 86.62 micro g/ml h. The elimination rate constant of Dacarbazine was highest. Vinblastine exhibited highest half-life and mean residence time. Clearances of ABVD were 346.69, 2499.44, 45.90 and 5800.05ml/h. The apparent volume of distribution was highest for Dacarbazine and lowest for Vinblastine. The pharmacokinetic parameters can be utilized for monitoring of plasma concentrations, therapeutic drug monitoring and dosage adjustments to optimize anticancer efficacy in patients of Hodgkin's lymphoma
ABSTRACT
The study was aimed to evaluate various pharmacokinetic parameters of a commercially available fixed dose combination of oral antidiabetics [Metformin/Glibenclamide 500/5mg tablets] in plasma sample of normal healthy adult male volunteers by applying an accurate, selective, and reproducible HPLC-UV analytical method for quantification of Metformin HCL and Glibenclamide simultaneously in a single chromatographic run. Previously no HPLC-UV analytical method for simultaneous estimation of Metformin/Glibenclamide has been reported in Pakistan. The human plasma samples were evaluated by using an isocratic High Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC] system of Sykam consisted of a pump with a column of Thermo Electron Corporation USA [ODS hypersil C[18] 4.6 mm x 250 mm], a UV-detector with data processing Clarity software. The mobile phase of 0.040M Potassium dihydrogen phosphate containing 0.25mL/L triethylamine at pH 3.5 [adjusted with 1:1 phosphoric acid] and acetonitrile [465: 535v/v] was delivered with injection volume of 100microL at flow rate of 1 mL/min at 25degreeC temperature. The detection was performed at lamda[max]230 nm. By applying this method, important pharmacokinetic parameters C[max], T[max], AUC[0-infinity], AUMC[0-infinity], t[1/2], Ke, MRT, V[d] and Cl[T] are calculated. Maximum plasma concentrations C[max] was 131.856 +/- 8.050ng/ml for Glibenclamide [Mean +/- SEM] and 511.106 +/- 12.675 ng/ml for Metformin HCl [Mean +/- SEM].