Blood storage effect of blood transportation boxes made of phase-changed material in extreme cold region of the plain / 军事医学

Objective To analyze and evaluate the blood preservation effect of two types of blood transportation boxes under field conditions in extreme cold regions of the plain.Methods Before experiment,the hematocrit,hemoglobin(Hb) and free Hb content,Na+and K +of samples of suspended red blood cells(RBCs)were detected and the sterility test was conducted.One of the two boxes was a field blood transportation box that served as control, while the other was made of phase-changed material of two types—1#and 2#.The suspended RBC samples were preserved in the low-temperature blood refrigerators and the two types of boxes respectively and transported under outdoor environment temperatures of -20 --5℃for 2 h.After that,the changes in the blood storage device temperature were recorded after 0,12,24,36,48 and 60 h.Results The suspended RBC preservation time in the field blood transportation box was 42 h vs 58 h in the blood transportation box made of phase-changed material.But their hemolysis rate,Na+,K+and the sterility test all were up to national standards.Conclusion In the extreme cold regions of the plain, the blood transportation box made of phase-changed material can be used to preserve suspended RBCs.

Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis for non-syndromic hearing impairment / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect genetic mutations underlying non-syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) and establish a method for prenatal diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty six NSHI patients were included in this study. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Genetic mutations were detected by gene chip analysis and direct sequencing of GJB2 gene. For 7 pregnant women at high risk, prenatal genetic diagnosis was provided.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fourteen cases (21.21%) were found to have GJB2 mutations by both methods (homozygous 235delC mutation in 3 cases, homozygous 176del16 mutation in 2 cases, 235delC and 299delAT compound heterozygous mutation in 2 cases, 299delAT and 176del16 compound heterozygous mutation in 1 case, c.339T > G and 313del12bp compound heterozygous mutation 1 case, and 235delC heterozygous mutation in 5 cases). 13 (19.70%) had SLC26A4 mutations (IVS7-2 A >G homozygous mutation in 2 cases, IVS7-2 A > G homozygous mutation in 2 cases, IVS7-2 A > G and 2168A > G compound heterozygous mutation in 3 cases, 2168A>G heterozygous mutation in 3 cases, and IVS7-2 heterozygous mutation in 3 cases); and 3 had mtDNA12S rRNA mutation (1555A > G mutation in 2 cases, 1494C > T mutation in 1 case). Prenatal diagnosis suggested that 3 fetuses have carried a heterozygous mutation. Two fetuses were detected as normal and confirmed to have normal hearing after birth. Two fetuses were found to have carried compound mutations of GJB2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gene chip combined with GJB2 gene analysis is an accurate and effective method for the diagnosis of NSHI. The results can facilitate accurate prenatal diagnosis.</p>

Auricular reconstruction for microtia with modified Nagata method / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a method for total reconstruction of auricle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>90 patients (101 ears) with congenital microtia underwent two-stage operations for auricular reconstruction. The first stage involved fabrication and grafting of autologous costal cartilage, removing the remnant ear cartilage, embedding the framework into local flap of the mastoid region, transferring the remnant ear lobule flap to link to the inferior framework. The second stage was creating an auriculocephalic sulcus. The reconstruction was performed 4 - 12 months after the first surgery. Skin incision was made 5 mm lateral side of the posterior margin of the auricle. The ear framework carrying a thick ear fascia was separated from the side of the head, the frames of the costal cartilage banked at the first operation were harvested, shaved and transplanted to the posterior wall of the concha with sutures; adjust stand position and angle, so that made the ear shape, position, axis, close to the healthy ear, and auriculocephalic angle was slightly larger than the contralateral ear. Two random flap was designed with superior on the root of the helix and in the inferior-posterior direction of the inferior mastoid area, two flapes were elevated and transplanted to posterior auricular sulcus to cover the grafted cartilage. Skin graft was performed in the remaining raw surface.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 90 patients were operated, all of 101 constructed ears achieved satisfied or near satisfied shapes. Five cases of partial skin flap necrosis were caused by pedicle impairment. Exposure of cartilage framework happened in two cases. The auriculocephalic sulcus of four cases diminished after the second stage operation. Three month to two-year follow-up of 67 patients showed that the reconstructed ears were satisfied with the results, including good shapes and steady auriculocephalic angles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The method is a simple, safe and reliable method for total aural reconstruction.</p>

Reconstruction of segmental ear helix defect with post-auricular skin flap / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method of repairing segmental ear helix defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one patients with segmental ear helix defect were repaired with post-auricular skin flap. In the first stage operation, ear helix defect was assessed, including the anterior and posterior area defect. According to the defect, post-auricular skin flap was designed and transplanted to repair the defect. Six weeks later, the pedicle of the post-auricular skin flap was cut off, elevated, and folded to form the helix. The secondary defect was directly sutured or repaired with skin graft.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-one patients were treated with this method. In two to 12 months follow-up, all flaps survived and reconstructed ear helices were in good shape. The reconstructed ears were in symmetry to the healthy ones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is safe and effective for the correction of segmental ear helix defect.</p>

Genotype and phenotype analyses of three families with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the gene mutations and the clinical features of Chinese patients with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism(AR-JP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequence analysis, and restriction enzyme digestion analysis were applied to check parkin gene mutations of 15 index patients from 15 families with AR-JP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three families were detected to have parkin mutations. Two of them had heterozygous deletion mutations (202-203 del AG in exon 2, 1069-1074 del GTGTCC in exon 9) and another of them carried a heterozygous missense mutation [1422(T-->C) in exon 12]. Two of the mutations [1069-1074delGTGTCC and 1422(T-->C)] were not reported previously. There were six patients in the three families. Mean age at onset was 25.2+/-5.7 years, ranging from 18 to 31 years. The symptoms were under slow progression, diurnal fluctuation with sleep benefit, and hyperreflexia were relatively prominent. Response to levodopa was satisfactory.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are parkin mutations happened in Chinese patients with AR-JP. Patients with parkin mutations have distinct clinical features besides the common clinical features of Parkinson's disease.</p>

Observation of auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission on the animal model of autoimmune auditory neuropathy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To set up an animal model of autoimmune auditory neuropathy and to observe the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in guinea pigs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The spiral ganglion and the cochlear nerve were obtained and purified by electrophoresis from 250 normal guinea pigs. The purified cochlear nerve antigen was mixed with an equal volume of complete Freunds adjuvant for immunization. Seventy guinea pigs were divided into three groups: experiment group (50 guinea pigs), control group (10 guinea pigs), normal group (10 guinea pigs). ABR, DPOAE, serum IgG levels, and morphological changes of spiral ganglion cells and the cochlear nucleus were observed. The protein expressions of the antigen were examined by immunohistochemistry and the super-structure of the auditory nerve were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The threshold of ABR response increased ranged from 10 to 25 dB in 32% (32/100 ears) of the guinea pigs. The peak latencies of waves I , III and the interpeak latency I approximately III were prolonged in the hearing loss group of guinea pigs. Prolonged peak latency of wave III was noted in hearing loss group at 2 and 3 weeks post immunization and slowly decreased to normal peak latency. The amplitude of DPOAE was no difference in the guinea pigs. The levels of serum IgG increased significantly compared with those of the control group. Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the cochlear nerve and the number of spiral ganglion cells detected. On the contrary, inflammatory cell infiltration was not observed in the cochlear nucleus. The cell densities and the across-sectional areas of neurons in anteroventral cochlear nucleus and posteroventral cochlear nucleus were no difference in the guinea pigs. The antigen protein distributed strictly in cochlear nerve and the spiral ganglion. Some demyelinated areas in cochlear nerve was observed in this group. The threshold of ABR response in 68% guinea pigs (68/100 ears) did not increase. The data of DPOAE and the serum IgG levels show no difference compared with the control group. There were not pathological observation in spiral ganglion cells, cochlear nucleus and cochlear nerve.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>An animal model of autoimmune auditory neuropathy has been set up successfully and the character of the ABR and DPOAE was observed.</p>

Structure and function influence of cochlear after dexamethasone intratympanic application / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of the structure and function of cochlear after dexamethasone intratympanic application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five guinea pigs were divided into three groups as normal group, 0.9% sodium chloride injection group and 0.5% dexamethasone group. By using the auditory brainstem response (ABR), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the nitric oxide (NO) value and cochlear surface preparation technique, the changes of structure and function of cochlear after intratympanic Dexamethasone application has been investigated in this study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was not significant difference among three groups in ABR thresholds of wave III (F = 0.5, P = 0.5). There was not significant difference among three groups in SOD activity (F = 2.45, P = 0.96). There was not significant difference among three groups in NO value (F = 3.1, P = 0.3). There was not significant difference among three groups in necrotic values of hair cells on the cochlear surface specimens in 15 mm from basal turn (F = 0.93, P = 0.45).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is no change of cochlear construction and function after intratympanic Dexamethasone application.</p>

Diagnosis and Treatment of Small Intestinal Atresia in Neonates / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical feature,treatment and prognosis of neonatal small intestinal atresia.Methods Retrospective study was carried out of 80 neonatal small intestinal atresias over the last 14 years,including diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Results Of them,62 cases were healed(77.5%),18 cases were dead(22.5%),24 cases(30%)associated with other anomalities.The living cases were followed up for 6 months to 3 years.These symptoms had not relapse.Conclusions Satisfactry effect can be obtained by early diagnosis and operative treatment.Sonography is an ideal way for early finding intestinal atresias in a fetus.End-to-end single layer anastomosis is an ideal way for monointestinal atresia,and poly-end-to-end single layer anastomosis plus long gastrointestinal silicone tube for supporting is an ideal way for multipal intestinal atresia.