Application of magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction in liver fat quantification / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatic steatosis can be observed in chronic liver diseases of different etiologies. The main predisposing factors for hepatic steatosis include chronic viral hepatitis， cholestatic liver disease， alcoholic liver disease， and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Simple fatty liver disease is the initial manifestation of hepatic steatosis， followed by steatohepatitis， liver fibrosis， liver cirrhosis， and even hepatocellular carcinoma. With the development of medical imaging technology， magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction （MRI-PDFF） has been widely used in the diagnosis of fatty liver disease （FLD） in clinical practice. MRI-PDFF is gradually becoming the gold standard for the noninvasive diagnosis of FLD due to its high accuracy and good repeatability. This article reviews the clinical application of MRI-PDFF in liver fat quantification and related research advances.

Relationship between cerebrovascular reserve capacity and white matter lesions in the elderly based on magnetic resonance imaging / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the relationship between cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) capacity and white matter lesions in elderly people. Methods We included 315 participants aged ≥ 60 years in Jinan area of Shandong Province from May 2018 to July 2019. They underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for assessing CVR, breath holding index (BHI), and arterial pulsatility index (PI). According to CVR capacity, they were divided into normal CVR group (CVR ≥ 20%, n = 206) and impaired CVR group (CVR < 20%, n = 109). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate periventricular, subcortical, and total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes and Fazekas scores. Results Compared with the normal CVR group, the impaired CVR group showed significantly higher volumes of periventricular, subcortical, and total WMHs and significantly higher proportions of Fazekas scores ≥ 2 (P < 0.01). Periventricular, subcortical, and total WMH volumes were negatively correlated with CVR (r = −0.70, −0.66, −0.73, P < 0.01) and BHI (r = −0.64, −0.65, −0.68, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with PI (r = 0.60, 0.65, 0.65, P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, periventricular, subcortical, and total WMH volumes were still negatively correlated with CVR and BHI (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with PI (P < 0.01). The logistic regression analysis showed that the risks of periventricular, subcortical, and total Fazekas score ≥ 2 in the impaired CVR group were 1.96 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17−3.27, P < 0.01), 1.84 times (95% CI: 1.11−3.05, P < 0.05), and 2.33 times (95% CI: 1.30−4.18, P < 0.01) that of the normal CVR group, respectively. Conclusion Impaired CVR is an independent risk factor for white matter lesions in the elderly.

Boosting synergism of chemo- and immuno-therapies via switching paclitaxel-induced apoptosis to mevalonate metabolism-triggered ferroptosis by bisphosphonate coordination lipid nanogranules

Conventional chemotherapy based on cytotoxic drugs is facing tough challenges recently following the advances of monoclonal antibodies and molecularly targeted drugs. It is critical to inspire new potential to remodel the value of this classical therapeutic strategy. Here, we fabricate bisphosphonate coordination lipid nanogranules (BC-LNPs) and load paclitaxel (PTX) to boost the chemo- and immuno-therapeutic synergism of cytotoxic drugs. Alendronate in BC-LNPs@PTX, a bisphosphonate to block mevalonate metabolism, works as both the structure and drug constituent in nanogranules, where alendronate coordinated with calcium ions to form the particle core. The synergy of alendronate enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel, suppresses tumor metastasis, and alters the cytotoxic mechanism. Differing from the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, the involvement of alendronate inhibits the mevalonate metabolism, changes the mitochondrial morphology, disturbs the redox homeostasis, and causes the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and lethal lipid peroxides (LPO). These factors finally trigger the ferroptosis of tumor cells, an immunogenic cell death mode, which remodels the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and synergizes with immunotherapy. Therefore, by switching paclitaxel-induced apoptosis to mevalonate metabolism-triggered ferroptosis, BC-LNPs@PTX provides new insight into the development of cytotoxic drugs and highlights the potential of metabolism regulation in cancer therapy.

EGFR-TKI Combined with Pemetrexed versus EGFR-TKI Monotherapy in Advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC: A Prospective, Randomized, Exploratory Study / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#We aimed to evaluate whether the addition of pemetrexed is effective in improving progression-free survival (PFS) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutated patients with or without concomitant alterations. @*Materials and Methods@#This multicenter clinical trial was conducted in China from June 15, 2018, to May 31, 2019. A total of 92 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR-sensitive mutations were included and divided into concomitant and non-concomitant groups. Patients in each group were randomly treated with EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy or EGFR-TKI combined with pemetrexed in a ratio of 1:1. PFS was recorded as the primary endpoint. @*Results@#The overall median PFS of this cohort was 10.1 months. There were no significant differences in PFS between patients with and without concomitant and between patients received TKI monotherapy and TKI combined with pemetrexed (p=0.210 and p=0.085, respectively). Stratification analysis indicated that patients received TKI monotherapy had a significantly longer PFS in non-concomitant group than that in concomitant group (p=0.002). In concomitant group, patients received TKI combined with pemetrexed had a significantly longer PFS than patients received TKI monotherapy (p=0.013). Molecular dynamic analysis showed rapidly emerging EGFR T790M in patients received TKI monotherapy. EGFR mutation abundance decreased in patients received TKI combined chemotherapy, which supports better efficacy for a TKI combined chemotherapy as compared to TKI monotherapy. A good correlation between therapeutic efficacy and a change in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) status was found in 66% of patients, supporting the guiding role of ctDNA minimal residual disease (MRD) in NSCLC treatment. @*Conclusion@#EGFR-TKI monotherapy is applicable to EGFR-sensitive patients without concomitant alterations, while a TKI combined chemotherapy is applicable to EGFR-sensitive patients with concomitant alterations. CtDNA MRD may be a potential biomarker for predicting therapeutic efficacy.

Mechanism of HES1 regulating herceptin resistance in gastric cancer cells by ferroptosis / 药学学报

Drug resistance of cancer cells is the main causes of chemotherapy failure, and gene mutation or function loss is key factor to induce drug resistance. Previous studies have shown that hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) is up-regulated in herceptin-resistant gastric cancer cells, and inhibition of its activity can reverse its resistance while the potential mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to establish HES1 knock-out cell line (△HES1/NCI N87R) to investigate the functions of HES1 in herceptin resistance of NCI N87R cells and its potential mechanisms. We investigated proteomics profiling of △HES1/NCI N87R cells based on quantitative proteomics. Gene ontology analysis was conducted by GeneSet Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Metascape database, and pathway enrichment analysis was done using GeneAnalytics database. The selected molecules were quantified by Western blot and some pathways were verified by using inhibitors. The results showed that the resistance to herceptin of △HES1/NCI N87R cells decreased compared to NCI N87R cells. Proteomic data demonstrated that the expression of 1 263 genes changed significantly in △HES1/NCI N87R cells, among which 761 genes were up-regulated while 502 ones down-regulated comparing with NCI N87R cells. Pathway analysis showed that ferroptosis, fatty acid β-oxidation, autophagy and glutathione metabolism, etc. exhibited notable changes in △HES1/NCI N87R cells. The functional studies showed that the levels of iron ion and malondialdehyde increased, and glutathione decreased in △HES1/NCI N87R cells. It was further found that Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, could reverse the expression of pTP53, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in △HES1/NCI N87R cell, and reduce the sensitivity of △HES1/NCI N87R cells to herceptin. It is suggested that HES1 regulated the resistance of NCI N87R cells to herceptin through TP53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway, and targeting TP53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signal axis mediated by HES1 is a potential strategy to reverse herceptin resistance in gastric cancer.

Identification and analysis of AP2/ERF gene family of Panax notoginseng and function of PnDREB84 gene / 药学学报

The AP2/ERF gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom, and plays an important role in response to biological and abiotic stresses, plant hormone responses, and plant growth and development. In this study, the AP2/ERF family of Panax notoginseng was identified by bioinformatics methods, and the physicochemical properties, structure, phylogenetic relationship, expression pattern and function of PnDREB4 gene of the family were analyzed. The results showed that 140 AP2/ERF family members were identified in P. notoginseng, which were divided into DREB, ERF, AP2, RAV and Sololit subgroups. The physicochemical properties and motifs of proteins were similar among the subgroups. There were 34 differentially expressed genes in the AP2/ERF family of Fusarium oxysporum infected P. notoginseng plants, and 19 genes were up-regulated. The expression level of PnDREB84 was up-regulated with the extension of Fusarium oxysporum infection time in the range of 0-96 h. The content of ABA and SA in P. notoginseng plants overexpressing PnDREB84 gene increased after 4 ℃ stress. The results showed that PnDREB84 gene plays a dual regulatory role in the process of biological stress and abiotic stress. PnDREB84 gene can be used as a potential molecular marker for the breeding of new varieties of P. notoginseng. The identification of AP2/ERF transcription factor and function analysis of PnDREB84 gene of P. notoginseng provided data support for the analysis of stress resistance mechanism of P. notoginseng and the breeding of new varieties.

Median effective dose of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to laryngeal mask airway insertion in children / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To determine the median effective dose(ED 50) of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to the laryngeal mask airway(LMA) insertion in children. Methods:American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ children, aged 6-10 yr, with body mass index of 18-24 kg/m 2, undergoing facial skin pigmented nevus resection, were selected. Propofol(target plasma concentration 3 μg/ml) was given by the target-controlled infusion, alfentanil was intravenously injected, 2 min later LMA was inserted, and anesthesia was maintained with 2%-3% sevoflurane until the end of surgery. The dose of alfentanil was determined by the up-and-down sequential method, the initial dose of alfentanil was 15 μg/kg, when the response to LMA insertion was positive/negative, the dose of alfentanil increased/decreased by 1 μg/kg in the next case. The LMA insertion response was defined as swallowing, bucking, body movement occurred during insertion of the LMA, and this process was repeated until 7th turning points appeared. The ED 50 and 95% confidence interval of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to LMA insertion in children were calculated using probit method. Results:The ED 50 of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to LMA insertion was 13.18(95% confidence interval 12.43-13.79) μg/kg in children. Conclusions:The ED 50 of alfentanil combined with propofol inhibiting responses to LMA insertion is 13.18 μg/kg in children.

Role of Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway-mediated ferroptosis in midazolam-induced reduction of HIBD in neonatal rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) signaling pathway-mediated ferroptosis in midazolam-induced reduction of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats.Methods:Ninety healthy 7-day-old neonatal rats, weighing 16-20 g, were divided into 6 groups ( n=15 each) using the random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), HIBD group, low-dose midazolam (10 mg/kg) group (group L), medium-dose midazolam (20 mg/kg) group (group M), high-dose midazolam (40 mg/kg) group (group H), and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 group (group I). The HIBD model was developed by ligating the left carotid artery and exposing to a hypoxic condition for 2 h in anesthetized animals. Starting from 2nd day after developing the model, the corresponding doses of midazolam were intraperitoneally injected in midazolam groups, the equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected in Sham and HIBD groups, midazolam 40 mg/kg and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 30 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected once a day for 8 consecutive days in group I. The rats were weighed and subjected to the Morris water maze test after the end of administration. Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta after the end of the Morris water maze test, and then the animals were sacrificed to remove the brain for determination of the concentrations of serum iron, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), contents of iron and GSH in hippocampal tissues (by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and micro method), the number of Nrf2/neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and GPX4/NeuN positive cells (by immunofluorescent staining), and expression of Nrf2, GPX4, and 4-hydroxynonaenoic acid (4-HNE) in hippocampal tissues and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes of hippocampal neurons in brain tissues (after HE staining and Nissl staining). Results:Compared with Sham group, the first time to arrival at platform was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the origional platform was reduced, and the time of staying at the target quadrant was shortened, the iron content in the hippocampal tissues was increased, the content of GSH and the number of Nrf2/NeuN and GPX4/NeuN positive cells were decreased, the expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 was down-regulated, the expression of 4-HNE was up-regulated, the concentrations of serum iron, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased, and the injury to hippocampal neurons was marked in HIBD group ( P<0.05). Compared with HIBD group, the first time to arrival at platform was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the origional platform was increased, and the time of staying at the target quadrant was prolonged, the iron content in the hippocampus tissues was decreased, the content of GSH and the number of Nrf2/NeuN and GPX4/NeuN positive cells were increased, the expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 was up-regulated, the expression of 4-HNE was down-regulated, the concentrations of serum iron, IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased ( P<0.05), and the injury to hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced in H, M and L groups. Compared with group H, the first time to arrival at platform was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the origional platform was reduced, and the time of staying at the target quadrant was shortened, the iron content in the hippocampus tissue was increased, the content of GSH and the number of Nrf2/NeuN and GPX4/NeuN positive cells were decreased, the expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 was down-regulated, the expression of 4-HNE was up-regulated, the concentrations of serum iron, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased ( P<0.05), and the injury to hippocampal neurons was aggravated in group I. Conclusions:The mechanism by which midazolam reduces HIBD may be related to activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and inhibition of hippocampal neuronal ferroptosis in neonatal rats.

Complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi 'an Children's Hospital / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the incidence of complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi'an Children 's Hospital.Methods:The clinical data of 310 children who underwent central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi 'an Children's Hospital from June 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 334 central venous catheters were used in 310 chidren. Among the 310 children who underwent central venous catheterization, 102 children (30.54%) had complications related to central venous catheterization. The complications related to central venous catheterization included catheter infection (13.17%), catheter malposition (8.38%), exudation at the puncture site (4.79%), catheter occlusion (2.99%), accidental removal (0.60%), and central venous thrombosis (0.60%). Central venous catheters were removed in 82 children (24.55%) because of complications. There was a significant difference in the incidence of central venous thrombosis among three surgical approaches: femoral vein, internal jugular vein, and subclavian vein ( χ2 = 7.06, P = 0.029). Longer time for catheterization resulted in a higher incidence of complications, including catheter-related infection ( χ2 = 7.17, P = 0.028), puncture point exudation and obstruction ( χ2 = 8.59, P = 0.014), central venous thrombosis ( χ2 = 6.78, P = 0.034). Regression analysis showed that suture shedding and bleeding at the insertion sites were the main risk factors for catheter-related complications (suture shedding OR = 4.85, P = 0.001; bleeding at the insertion sites OR = 1.83, P = 0.008). Conclusion:The most common complications of central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi'an Children's Hospital include catheter-related infection, catheter malposition, and puncture site exudation. Risk factors for complications during catheter retention include suture shedding and bleeding at the insertion sites.

The impact of online teaching on dermatology study in eight-year program medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of online teaching on dermatology study in the undergraduate stage of the eight-year program medical students of Peking University Third Hospital.Methods:Questionnaires were administered before and after dermatology theoretical lectures and probation among the eight-year program medical students of the Peking University Third Hospital. Online teaching in 2020 was compared with offline teaching from 2016 to 2019. Written examination was taken after studying and the results were analyzed. SPSS 21.0 was used to conduct t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The total number of students that received online teaching was 53, and the response rate of the questionnaire was 75.5(80/106); the number of students receiving offline teaching was 166 and the response rate of the questionnaire was 99.1% (329/332). After dermatology theoretical lectures and probation, the scores of the written examination of online teaching were better than those of offline teaching ( P<0.001). The self-evaluation of the diagnostic ability of urticaria in students that received online teaching was lower than that in offline teaching students ( P=0.008); whereas the importance rating of dermatology department in hospitals ( P<0.001) and the interest in dermatology ( P=0.002) were significantly higher in online teaching than offline teaching. No significant differences were found in the self-evaluation of the diagnostic ability of eczema and acne, the willingness to be a dermatologist, difficulty rating in dermatology study, etc. Sixty percent (24/40) of students submitted open suggestions, and the most suggestion was to increase offline probation [22.5%(9/40). Conclusion:The online teaching of dermatology theoretical lectures and probation may be better for students' knowledge than offline teaching and they can also stimulate students' interest in learning. However, students' confidence in the diagnosis and treatment of certain common disease might be slightly lower in online teaching than in offline teaching. The combination of online and offline teaching might provide more advantages in the future. The form and content of online teaching also urgently need to be further improved in practice.

Survey on satisfaction of clinical interns under the merging mode of standardized residency training and clinical practice / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the satisfaction of clinical interns to the department and teachers under the merging mode of standardized residency training and clinical practice, and to explore the feasibility to further implement the mode in clinical practice.Methods:Cluster sampling was used to design the scale, which included the importance attached by department to the teaching work, the rationality of the arrangement of practice content, the implementation of teaching activities, the quality of teaching activities, the status of out-department examination, the demonstration of medical ethics of teachers, the teaching attitude and knowledge lecturing of teachers, the revision of medical records and the guidance of skills operation, etc. The questionnaire survey was conducted among clinical interns in a hospital from July 2018 to June 2019. SPSS 22.0 was used to conduct t test or rank sum test of two independent samples, and the analysis of multiple groups of data was performed by means of variance analysis. Results:A total of 1 230 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 195 were returned, with an effective recovery rate of 97.15%. The overall satisfaction of interns was (9.62±0.39). The interns gave the highest evaluation on the medical ethics and medical style of the teacher (9.75±0.78), and the lowest evaluation on the teaching quality of all departments (9.52±1.15). There were significant differences among the evaluations ( F=7.30, P<0.001). Conclusion:Under the merging mode of standardized residency training and clinical practice management, all teaching and research sections and departments have fulfilled various teaching tasks according to the requirements, but the teaching quality and connotation construction need to be further strengthened.

A review of patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion / 中国实用护理杂志

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is one of the classic procedures for the treatment of cervical spondylosis, and dysphagia is a common perioperative complication of this procedure, which affects patients′ recovery to different degrees. This paper summarizes and analyzes the perioperative assessment and interventions in the care of patients with dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, aiming to improve clinical nursing staff′s attention to dysphagia in patients after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of high-risk groups.

Epidemiological characteristics and psycho-psychological factors of senile arrhythmia in Xining area / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and psychological factors of senile arrhythmia in Xining area, and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of senile arrhythmia. Methods A total of 518 elderly patients treated in the department of Cardiology in Xining area from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected and divided into control group (without arrhythmia) and study group (with arrhythmia) according to whether the patients were complicated with arrhythmia. All subjects underwent 24h electrocardiographic monitoring to record heart rate, heart rate lead electrocardiogram and 24h dynamic electrocardiogram examination. Refer to the patient's medical records for general information, including age, gender, coronary heart disease, hypertension, etc.; Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, sleep and quality of life were analyzed. The correlation between PSQI score, HAMA-14 score, HAMD-17 score and arrhythmia was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Among 518 patients, 305 (58.89%) were complicated with arrhythmia, including 155 males and 150 females, with an average age of 76.15±3.79. Atrial arrhythmia accounted for 38.36% (117/305), sinus tachycardia accounted for 28.52% (87/305). Ventricular arrhythmias accounted for 11.48% (35/305); The incidence of arrhythmia in 70-79 year olds was significantly higher than that in 60-69 year olds (χ2=8.358 , P2=6.801, P2=1.534, P>0.05). The incidence of arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease (χ2=16.401, χ2=9.772 , P<0.05). There were significant differences in PSQI score, HAMA-14 score, HAMD-17 score between the two groups (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSQI score, HAMD-14 score and HAMD-17 score were positively correlated with the occurrence of arrhythmia in the elderly population in Xining area, with correlation coefficients r=0.417 , 0.607 , 0.653 (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of arrhythmia increases in the elderly population in Xining area, mainly in the rural elderly population, which is associated with depression and anxiety and sleep disorders and other psychological factors. Early detection and early intervention can improve the response to treatment and accessibility.

Professor ZHANG Wei-hua's clinical experience in chronic somatic pain treated with zhidong needling techniques / 中国针灸

The paper summarizes professor ZHANG Wei-hua's clinical experience for the treatment of chronic somatic pain with zhidong needling techniques. In terms of the characteristics of chronic somatic pain, professor ZHANG has integrated zhidong needling with acupuncture kinetic therapy. The satisfactory therapeutic effects are obtained by selecting the painful points and regions as the treatment sites and the specific techniques of zhidong needling depending on the size of affected area, the depth of illness, the size and shape of the cord-like muscle, etc. Five techniques of zhidong needling are used accordingly with twirling, pulling, lifting and thrusting, surrounding needling methods involved, as well as with the manipulation speed, direction and frequency considered.

Exploration on acupuncture treatment ideas for knee osteoarthritis from the perspective of Dongyuan needling technology / 中国针灸

The treatment ideas with acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are explored on the base of Dongyuan needling technology. Regarding the rules of acupoint selection, Zusanli (ST 36) is predominant, the back-shu points are used for the disorders related to the invasion of exogenous factors, and the front-mu points are for the cases caused by internal injury. Besides, the xing-spring points and shu-stream points are preferred. In treatment of KOA, besides the local points, the front-mu points, i.e. Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and Guanyuan (CV 4), are selected specially to tonifying the spleen and stomach. The earth points and acupoints on the earth meridians (i.e. Yinlingquan [SP 9], Xuehai [SP 10], Liangqiu [ST 34], Dubi [ST 35], Zusanli [ST 36] and Yanglingquan [GB 34]) are optional to coordinate yin and yang, essence and qi , and regulate the qi movement of spleen and stomach. The shu-stream points of liver, spleen and kidney meridians (Taichong [LR 3], Taibai [SP 3] and Taixi [KI 3]) are chosen to promote meridian circulation and regulate zangfu functions.

Sedentary behavior, screen time and mental health of college students: a Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sedentary behavior/screen time on mental health of college students by Meta-analysis based on the results of literature retrieval and provide theoretical basis for the improvement of college students' mental health. Methods: The original research literatures about sedentary behavior (including screen time) and college students' mental health published as of 14 July 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data. Data were extracted from the included studies and scored by one author in accordance with the proposed programme, and quality score was reviewed by another author. The literature that met the inclusion criteria was systematically reviewed and Meta-analysis was carried out by software Stata 14.2 based on the data from the literatures. Results: A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 35 observational studies and 1 interventional study. There are 4 papers about the effects of sedentary behavior and 9 papers about the effects of screening time on depression in college students and 4 papers about the effects of sedentary behavior/screening time on anxiety in college students were used for a Meta-analysis, and the other studies were also analyzed. The Meta-analysis on the effects of sedentary behavior on depression in college students showed that there was a significant positive correlation between higher level sedentary behavior and increased risk for depression (OR=1.07,95%CI:1.05-1.10). Subgroup analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between higher level sedentary behavior and depression (OR=1.74, 95%CI:0.93-3.25) in the unadjusted confounding factor model, but there was significance positive correlation after adjusting confounding factors (OR=2.15, 95%CI:1.18-3.90). Meta-analysis on the effects of screen time on depression in college students showed that longer screen time were significantly positively correlated with higher depression level (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.02-1.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in both unadjusted confounding factor model and adjusted confounding factor model, longer screen time was significantly positively correlated with depression (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.13-1.42; OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.18-1.79) , respectively. Meta-analysis on the effects of sedentary behavior on anxiety showed that longer screen time was significantly positively correlated with increased anxiety risk (OR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.31-1.58). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in both unadjusted confounding factor model and adjusted confounding factor model, there was a significant positive correlation between longer screen time and anxiety (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.31-1.65; OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.17-1.62). The analysis for the literatures which were not eligible for Meta-analysis found that sedentary behavior/screen time was significantly associated with stress and other mental health in college students. Conclusions: Sedentary behavior or screen time is significantly negatively correlated with college students' mental health, in particular, resulting in depression and anxiety. These effects might be be different between weekdays and weekend days.

VIGS Silencing SlWRKY53b Gene Inhibits Tomato Fruit Ripening / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Tomato (Solarium lycopersicum) is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide and is a classic model plant for studying fruit development and ripening due to its short growth cycle, clear genetic background and ease of molecular manipulation. This paper used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to construct SlWRKY53b gene-silenced tomato fruits and analyzed the effect of SIWRKY531) gene silencing in the tomato fruit ripening process. We found that transient silencing of SIWRKY531) resulted indelayed in-broken color, higher chlorophyll contents (P<0.05) and reduced carotenoid contents (P<0.05) in tomato fruits, and color difference results indicated that the differences in L *, a * and b * values were consistent with fruit color changes. Further studies showed that genes significantly down-regulated (P<0.01) in SIWRKY531) gene-silenced tomato fruits include the chlorophyll degradation-related genes (AFCl, PAO, PPH, SGR1), carotenoid synthesis-related genes (PSYl, PDS, ZDS), ethylene synthesis pathway-related genes (ACOl, ACS2, NOR, AC03, EA, RIN), and cell wall degradation-related genes (PG, EXP, CELT.). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of SlWRKY53b was negatively correlated with chlorophyll contents and positively correlated with carotenoid contents and the expression of maturation-related genes. These results suggest that inhibition of SIWRKY531) expression at the transcrip-tional level can achieve the effect of delaying tomato fruit ripening, indicating that S1WRKY531) plays arole as a facilitator in the tomato fruit ripening process.

Body characteristics of adults from 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group in China / 解剖学报

Objective To understand the body characteristics of adults from the Tibeto-Burman language group. Methods Totally 14 837 adults (6578 males and 8259 females) from 17 minorities were selected for investigation during 2015 to 2019 and these surveys were carried out in regions including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan and Tibet Autonomous Region. Eight physical parameters (stature, sitting height, etc.) along with 4 corresponding indexes (stature-sitting index and the like) were carefully analyzed. The body characteristics of the Tibeto-Burman language group were then compared to those of certain minorities as well as Han in both northern and southern part of China based on our collected data. Results Among 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group, people from Pumi and Tibet were relatively tall and have longer trunk and limbs. The presence of wider trunk and thicker limbs appeared to be common in Tibetan individuals. Subjects from Lahu, Jino and Derung were in possession of shorter stature and limbs while the trunk of Naxi, Lisu and Achang people seemed wider. Compared with other ethnic groups in China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group tended to own shorter stature accompanied by medium trunk width, probably sharing similar physical characteristics with those minorities in southern China, especially She and Li. Conclusion Among ethnic groups dotting in southern China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group generally have medium stature, medium trunk height, and wide trunk whereas those from 3 Mon-Khmer groups, Va, Khmus and Blang, are shorter and smaller in width and height of the trunk.

Anatomy of the original short head of biceps-muscular structure / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze and describe the morphological characteristics of the proximal origin of the biceps brachii, and measure the anatomical data of its tendons, so as to provide references for related clinical applications of the biceps brachii. Methods Six adult shoulder specimens (4 on the left and 2 on the right) were dissected to observe the origin, morphology, and course of the biceps brachii tendon and its adjacent relationship with the coracobrachialis muscle, musculocutaneous nerve and other structures. And then the length, width, and thickness of the biceps tendon were measured. Results The origin of the short head of biceps consisted of muscle fibers attaching directly to the tip of the coracoid process, with a thin, tendinous aponeurosis covering its anterior surface, rather than a true tendon as previously described. The mean of length,widths and thickness of the short head of biceps were (107.7±9.6) mm,(20.0±1.5)mm and (5.8±2.0)mm. Conclusion The short head of the biceps brachii is directly from the coracoid process with muscle fibers.

Expression and effect of roundabout guidance receptor 1 during valproate induced neural stem cells differentiation / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the expression and role of roundabout guidance receptor 1 (Robo1) in the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) induced by valproate (VPA). Methods The hippocampus NSCs of SD rats were isolated and cultured. Normal NSCs and VPA-treated NSCs were extracted from 10 SD rats. After VPA treatment, the proportion of neuron-specific marker β-tubulin III (Tuj1) positive neurons differentiated from NSCs were detected by immunofluorescence. The differentially expressed mRNA in normal NSCs and VPA-induced NSCs were detected by gene chip technology. After VPA treatment, the expression levels of Robo1 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. The dynamic changes of Robo1 mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR after the differentiation of NSCs. After the expression of Robo1 was down-regulated in NSCs by small interfering RNA, the expression of Robo1 protein was detected by Western blotting, and the expression levels of neuron-specific markers Tuj1 and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) were detected by Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Results VPA induced NSCs to differentiate into neurons. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Robo1 mRNA and protein in the differentiation of NSCs were significantly up-regulated during valproate treatment. After interference of Robo1 expression, not only Robo1 upregulation was inhibited during the differentiation of NSCs induced by VPA, but also the proportion of NSCs differentiated into neurons decreased. Conclusion VPA may promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons by up-regulating the expression of Robo1.