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Anaplastic meningioma with osteosarcomatous differentiation is a very rare finding. We herewith present squash cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of this rare case with systematic approach to diagnosis. A 38-year-old female presented with complaints of headache, vomiting, seizure with loss of consciousness and left side weakness. Radiologically, there was a heterogeneous hyperintense likely extra axial densely calcified solid lesion measuring approximately 4.2�1�5 cm along right high frontal convexity compressing the adjacent brain parenchyma. Histology sections revealed fibro collagenous tissue, devitalized bone, multiple vascular spaces lined by fibrous septa with giant cells, along with spindle cell and round proliferation at one end with vague whorl formation. High mitosis, (>20/10 hpf) along with malignant lacy osteoid closely abutting the highly pleomorphic cells were indicative of a malignant spindle cell neoplasm with osteosarcomatous differentiation. Systematic approach, immunohistochemistry with involvement of all the specialities involved led to the correct diagnosis and management of patient.
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Background: India, a lower middle-income country with a population of more than 1 billion is undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition characterized by an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases. It is estimated to account for 10.8% of all deaths and 4.6% of all disability-adjusted life years in India. Hence this study is carried out to assess the socio-demographic profile and risk factors associated with hypertension (HTN) in rural India. and to determine the association between risk factors and hypertensive status. Methods: This is a community-based cross-sectional study in Shivamogga taluk of Karnataka from May-September 2023. Based on 2011 census, Shivamogga taluk has 117601 households bearing population of 507324 and sex-ratio 987 per 1000 males, 36.4% of population lives in urban area and 63.6% in rural area. Ayanur and Matthur are rural field practice area of SIMS having population of 3605 and 3144 respectively. The multi-stage random sampling method is used to study 430 study participants. Results: The study comprised of 430 participants, 162 (37.67%) were among the age group of 50-65 years, 223 (51.86%) were hypertensives and 306 (71.16%) stated that HTN adversely effects health of an individual. 381 (88.6%) opined that reducing salt intake in the diet can significantly reduce the development of HTN in an individual. Conclusions: HTN is a behavioural disease that is increasing day by day and there is no much difference between people living in urban/rural areas. Hence, this needs to be addressed at a primitive level to decrease the prevalence of NCD’s by promoting health, adopting healthy lifestyles and adherence towards medications.
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Background: Infected non-union tibial fractures pose significant challenges in orthopedic care. Ilizarov external fixation has emerged as a promising treatment option for such complex fractures. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ilizarov fixation in non-union, infected tibial fractures. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 30 patients at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences. Inclusion criteria involved patients aged 20-65 with clinical and radiological signs of infection and non-union of the tibia. Data on patient demographics, injury details, treatment history, and outcomes were collected. Ilizarov fixation was performed, and patients were followed up. Results: The study cohort, primarily males (80%), with mean age of 35.75 years, displayed a high incidence of type III compound injuries (63.33%). Monofocal and bifocal osteosynthesis effectively reduced limb shortening, with an overall average residual shortening of 1.8 cm. Bony outcomes were favorable, with 16 cases achieving excellence. Functional outcomes were also promising. Complications included stiffness, infections, and deformities. Conclusions: Ilizarov external fixation demonstrates potential in managing infected non-union tibial fractures, offering favorable bony and functional outcomes. However, post-operative complications require vigilant management. Further research is needed to validate and optimize this approach.
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Background: Pelvic and acetabular fractures, principally resulting from high-energy trauma like motor vehicle accidents, are challenging orthopedic injuries that can lead to significant morbidity and functional impairment. Understanding their epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes is crucial for improving patient care. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involving 34 patients who underwent surgery for pelvic and acetabular fractures from April 2021 to September 2023. Data on patient demographics, injury mechanisms, fracture types, surgical approaches, and post-operative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: The study group comprised predominantly males (67%) with mean age of 35 years. Road traffic accidents were the leading cause of injuries (95%). The most common fracture types were the posterior wall of the acetabulum (10%) and type II anteroposterior compression fractures (10%). Related injuries included long bone fractures (62.5%) and posterior hip dislocation (33.33%). Surgical treatment primarily involved open reduction and internal fixation with various approaches. Postoperative complications included sciatic nerve palsy (4.17%), venous thromboembolism (20.83%), and wound infections (12.5%), but both post-operative mortality and heterotopic ossification were absent. Conclusions: The study highlights the prevalence of pelvic and acetabular fractures due to road traffic accidents and the complexity of their surgical management. The associated injuries and postoperative complications underscore the need for specialized orthopedic care.
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Background: The world’s health care needs are changing drastically due to significant population and demographic impact. The socioeconomic transition in India have influenced the health risk behaviour leading to the increasing burden of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Primary care facilities play a vital role in preventing and controlling NCDs. Objectives were to assess the perceptions of healthy lifestyle behaviours among urban migrants of south India. To qualitatively assess the facilitators and barriers of NCD prevention. Methods: Study was conducted in urban Shivamogga from May to August 2023 using non-purposive sampling technique. It was a qualitative study design-focus group discussion (FGD). It involves two FGD of 8 members each. One FGD is from urban school and other FGD is from nationalized bank. This study aimed at providing grounded approach to develop an understanding about the perceptions of hypertension (HTN) and facilitators/barriers in obtaining treatment of the same. The data was subjected to brief reading and analysed by segregating the text under different themes. Responses were recorded by audio-taping and translated into codes. The results were obtained after drawing inferences. Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.8±3.8 years (FGD1) and 36.8±2.6 years (FGD2). They identified stress, nuclear family, physical inactivity, dietary habits and urban living as the causes of hypertension. They perceived that illiteracy, ignorance, work-pressure, time-constraints, home-remedies could be the barriers for seeking treatment of hypertension. Conclusions: Hypertension has been perceived as a common and serious problem in our community. There was a felt need about awareness campaign and screening of HTN that may help in implementation of prevention and control activities.
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Background: To demonstrate the utility of sigma metrics towards assessing the quality of processes, and optimization of statistical quality control rules in a high-volume clinical laboratory, in a two-phase quality improvement project. Methods: In the 損re� period, the sigma score was assessed across 25 routine high-volume assay parameters in our laboratory, comprising of 20 clinical chemistry and 5 immunoassay methods. Measures were taken to improve the analytical quality of low sigma score parameters within a 6-month period. Another sigma metric analysis was then performed in the 損ost� period to examine any measurable improvement. Results: The average sigma metric increased from 6.4? to 9.2?. Out of 25 analytes, 17 showed a significant improvement, defined as an increase in the sigma metric by greater than 1.0. Conclusions: The changes in sigma metric had a significant positive impact on the DPMO and reinforced the reliability of our test results. It showed that our quality control processes can be streamlined and simplified further, to optimize the frequency of internal quality control, while still maintaining the same level of error detection and analytical quality assurance. The analysis also provided additional benefits of achieving lesser errors, fewer sample reruns and troubleshooting, and improved turnaround time, for better clinician and patient satisfaction
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Background: Scrub typhus is an emerging but neglected infectious diseases that generally results in acute febrile illness, with spectrum of diseases ranging from mild illness to multiorgan dysfunction. Hence we planned this study to know the demographic, clinical and biochemical profile of scrub typhus patients in hilly state of Uttarakhand. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted from June 2020 to November 2020 in the Department of Internal Medicine, in a tertiary care institution located in state of Uttarakhand, India. All scrub typhus patients were evaluated by detailed history, examination and laboratory tests. Results: Among 60 cases, the mean age of patients was 38.3�.43 years, with majority of patients (70.2%) being young adults between the age 18?40 years. Majority of patients were females (60.0%) with (M:F-1:1.3). 53.3% patients reported from rural and 46.7% patients from urban area. Fever (100%), cough and breathlessness (40.0%), nausea and vomiting (20%), abdominal pain and diarrhoea (16.7%), headache (16.7%) and altered sensorium (8.3%) were the predominant clinical features. Hepatic dysfunction (51; 85.0%) and respiratory dysfunction (25; 41.6%) were the commonest findings followed by renal dysfunction (13; 21.7%). Conclusions: Scrub typhus is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late due to its wide clinical spectrum overlapping with clinical presentation of other commonly prevalent tropical diseases. An increasing awareness of this disease coupled with prompt management will go a long way in reducing both morbidity and mortality in this disease.
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Twenty-one genotypes of potato were carried out in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Rabi season 2020-21 at Horticulture Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.). Eleven characters were included in the present investigation to study the variability, heritability, and genetic advance in potato. The analysis of variance was recorded highly significant difference between the genotypes for all eleven traits under studies. The estimates the coefficient of variation relieved that magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters. High estimates of phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variation were observed in case of length of internodes (cm), followed by plant height, tuber yield plant-1, number of stem plant-1, number of nodes at 30 DAP, number of tubers plant-1. Heritability estimates, as well as genetic progression, were found to be more important than heritability in predicting the outcome of selecting the best individual. High estimates of heritability (h2) (>80%) were recorded for tuber yield plant-1, followed by number of leaves at 60 DAP, number of nodes at 60 DAP, plant height (cm), number of nodes at 30 DAP, tuber size (cm), length of internodes (cm), number of tubers plant-1, number of stem plant-1, number of leaves at 30 DAP. The highest value of genetic advance in percent of mean (>20%) was exhibited for length of internodes (cm), plant height, tuber yield plant-1, number of stem plant-1, number of nodes at 30 DAP, number of tubers plant-1, number of leaves at 60 DAP, number of nodes at 60 DAP, tuber size (cm).
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The significant positive correlation of phenotypic and genotypic performance as well as path correlation of crops helps in selection of the superior cultivars. Based upon important significance of these estimates, it was applied in our research. For this an experiment was conducted on different genotypes of chilli during winter season of 2021-22, with the aim of estimate correlation coefficient among the growth and yield traits and elucidate the direct and indirect effect of different traits on yield through path coefficient analysis. The experimental material for the study consisted of 40 genotypes including one check (Kashi Anmol), laid in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Observations were recorded on thirteen quantitative characters. The most important trait fruit yield per plant had exhibited highly significant and positive phenotypic correlation with average fruit weight (0.925), no. of fruits per plant (0.595) and fruit circumference (0.464). Path coefficient analysis revealed that average fruit weight (0.835) and no. of fruit per plant (0.385) were identified as most important traits which had positive direct on fruit yield per plant. The higher magnitude of negative direct effect on fruit yield per plant was exerted by fruit circumference (-0.018) followed by secondary branches per plant (-0.011). While maximum positive indirect effect on total fruit yield per plant shown by fruit circumference (0.448), followed by no. of fruit per plant (0.216). while negative indirect effect shown by secondary branches per plant (-0.143) followed by plant height (-0.127) and days to mature red ripe stage (-0.124). Thus, it can be inferred from the data above that selecting for these qualities will effectively enhance the crop for increased production and contributing traits.
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Agroforestry, the integration of trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock, stands as a pivotal strategy in sustainable land management and climate action. This review synthesizes current knowledge and practices of agroforestry, focusing on its diverse systems, contributions to sustainable land management, role in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the challenges and future prospects, with a special emphasis on the Indian context. Agroforestry systems, classified into silvopastoral, agrosilvicultural, and silvoarable, along with specialized practices like alley cropping and forest farming, demonstrate significant adaptability across various climatic and geographical regions. These systems have shown promising results globally, evident in case studies highlighting their effectiveness in different environmental settings. In the realm of sustainable land management, agroforestry is instrumental in soil conservation, enhancing soil fertility, and nutrient cycling. It also plays a critical role in biodiversity conservation and the enhancement of ecosystem services, such as water regulation and pollination. Socioeconomically, agroforestry contributes to improving livelihoods and economic resilience, as demonstrated in various local community case studies. In addressing climate change, agroforestry systems are notable for their carbon sequestration capabilities. Compared to traditional agricultural practices, these systems exhibit a higher potential for carbon storage, both above and below ground. They also enhance resilience to climate extremes, offering adaptive strategies for farmers and communities facing climatic variability. Policy and global initiatives increasingly recognize agroforestry's role in climate action, with international agreements and organizations fostering its integration into national policies. The implementation of agroforestry is not without challenges. Technical complexities, the need for site-specific knowledge, economic and policy barriers, and sociocultural factors pose significant hurdles. For India, a country with diverse agro-ecological zones, these challenges are coupled with opportunities for research, technological innovation, policy improvement, and global-local collaborations. The future prospects for agroforestry are vast, particularly in the Indian context, where it can significantly contribute to sustainable agriculture and rural development. Continued research, policy support, and collaborative efforts are essential to fully realize the potential of agroforestry in environmental conservation, climate change mitigation, and socioeconomic development.
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This thorough analysis examines how contemporary technologies are altering the control of plant diseases. The introduction gives a general overview of the situation, explaining the historical context and the need for modern solutions. The paper then explores the various advantages that contemporary technologies offer for managing plant diseases, emphasizing developments in methods for detection, monitoring, and control. But putting these technologies into practice is not without its difficulties; the third segment methodically looks at these issues, covering everything from infrastructure and knowledge gaps to financial consequences.The fourth section highlights the effective uses of contemporary technologies to control plant diseases through a detailed analysis of case cases. These real-world instances highlight the effectiveness and significance of technology-based treatments. After that, the article turns its attention to the current situation and probable future developments, providing insights into how modern technologies are now being used to manage plant diseases and projecting future trends and developments.The evaluation comes to a close in the last section with helpful suggestions for incorporating and utilizing contemporary technologies. Actionable techniques are given to practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders to maximize the advantages of these technological interventions while overcoming obstacles.In the age of contemporary technologies, this review is an invaluable tool for scholars, decision-makers, and business experts navigating the ever-changing field of plant disease management.
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White button mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach] is the most popular cultivated edible mushroom, fetching high price and still dominating in Indian and International market. However, the limiting factor for its successful cultivation is the occurrence of competitor moulds. The present investigations were carried out in the laboratory Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. In this experiment different botanical (seed extract) viz., Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain), Foeniculum vulgare (Saunf), Anethum graveolens (Soa), Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi) were evaluated to test their compatibility with Agaricus bisporus. The botanicals (seed extract) were evaluated in vitro through poison food technique at 10, 20 and 30% concentrations and 24, 48 & 72 hours of incubation. The maximum radial growth of Agaricus bisporus was observed in T0-Control (Agaricus bisporus) (16.45mm), (17.12 mm) and (17.22 mm) and minimum in T1 - Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) (1.46mm), (0.83mm) and (0.60mm) at 10, 20 and 30 percent concentration respectively. Maximum percentage of inhibition was observed in T1 - Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) (91.11%), (95.13%) and (96.50%) at 10, 20 and 30 percent concentration respectively.
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Drought has always been one of the most dangerous natural disasters for manhood. Due to the continuous global climate change, drought occurrences have become more frequent and severe, affecting human existence and long-term social progress. PIStandard values are a measure of the probability of a given precipitation event occurring. They are calculated using a statistical distribution of precipitation data. The three statistical distributions that are most commonly used to model precipitation data are the gamma distribution, the normal distribution, and the log-normal distribution. Therefore, utilising all three of the above-mentioned theoretical probability distributions, the drought index PIStandard has been computed. PIStandard range more than 2 (extremely wet) to less than -2 (extremely dry), with 0.99 to - 0.99 considered the near-normal range. PIStandard is calculated at different time scales which can be 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, time scales. The temporal trends of SPI at the stations were identified using the Mann-Kendall test. PIStandard were computation at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24-month time scales. PIStandard provides a better analysis of meteorological drought at multiple different timescales for short- and long-term planning because it uses the running sum of rainfall values at 1 to 24 months and more parameters for the statistical distribution used. For short-term drought monitoring and agricultural crop planning, a 1- to 3-month PIStandard can be utilized; however, long-term hydrological drought monitoring and water management planning require PIStandards of 6 to 9 months and 12 to 24 months, respectively. Drought analysis using PIStandard results can be used to design rainwater harvesting and storage structures in drought-affected areas for appropriate crop planning.
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This abstract explores the multifaceted role of clarifying agents in the realm of horticultural foods and their vital functions within formulations. Clarifying agents serve as essential tools in the food industry, aiding in the removal of impurities, cloudiness, and undesirable particles from fruit juices, wines, and various horticultural products. These agents are instrumental in enhancing the visual appeal and quality of these products, improving their marketability. The uses of clarifying agents extend beyond aesthetics; they play a crucial role in stabilizing formulations, preventing sedimentation, and preserving the natural flavors and nutritional value of horticultural foods. Additionally, clarifying agents contribute to product consistency and shelf-life extension, ensuring a consistent and appealing product for consumers. This abstract delves into the diverse types of clarifying agents employed in horticulture and their specific functions within various formulations. It highlights their significance in maintaining product integrity and meeting consumer preferences for clear, visually appealing, and high-quality horticultural foods.
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Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is the important source of proteins, minerals, and vitamins of the predominantly vegetarian Indian diet. It belongs to the family Leguminaceae. Web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) is one of the most important fungal diseases which come every year with different intensity and causes huge losses in mungbean yield. The present investigations were carried out in the laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya to test the efficacy of different treatments viz., Neem, Garlic, Tulsi, onion, Ginger, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, Propiconazole and Hexaconazole against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn under in vitro condition. Botanicals and Fungicides were tested through Poisoned food technique and Bio-agents were tested through dual culture technique. Pathogen was isolated from diseased mungbean plant and further tested against different treatments. Radial growth and percent inhibition were recorded. Minimum radial growth and maximum percent inhibition were recorded in Propiconazole 1.45 mm, followed by Hexaconazole (3.65 mm), Garlic (10.18 mm), Ginger (11.43 mm), Neem (12.90 mm), Onion (15.42 mm), Tulsi (17.63 mm), T. asperellum (18.58 mm), T. harzianum (23.14 mm) as compared to Control (45.17 mm) at 24 hours of incubation. Similar trends were found at 36 and 48 hours intervals.
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Gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera is most serious insect pest of chickpea crop in Rabi season in eastern U.P., including Sultanpur district. The studies have been done on population fluctuation of gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera on one local desi variety of chickpea with meteorological data take on ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, (U.P.). The incidence of pod borer Helicoverpa armigera in chickpea/ commenced from 1st standard week of January with 0.10 mean larval population per plant. The larval population started increase per decrease and reached the maximum with 15.30 mean larval population per plant during 12th standard week of 2022. The population of larvae showed positive correlation with maximum temperature (0.70) and minimum temperature (0.82) and rainfall (0.25), while negative correlation was obtained with relative humidity (-0.72).
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Aim: For more than half of the world's population, rice is the primary staple food. The traditional method of producing rice uses a lot of water, requires a lot of labor, and is bad for the health of the soil and the environment. Additionally, an unbalanced nutrient supply causes plants to grow and develop slowly, the soil to deteriorate, and the environment to suffer. To know the effect of rice establishment and nutrient management on rice a field study was conducted at SKUAST-Jammu.Methodology: In a split plot design with three replications, the field experiment was carried out with the rice variety Pusa-1121 using 3 establishment methods (system of rice intensification, conventional, and mechanical) and 6 nutrient management practices (100% RDF inorganic, 75% RDF inorganic, 125% RDF inorganic, 50% inorganic + 50% organic, 75% inorganic + 25% organic, and 100% organic manures with FYM).Results: Among the nutrient management, 125% RDF gives the highest yield and B:C ratio of the rice crop during both years, according to the results. The highest yield was found in SRI crop establishment method, which also has the highest B:C ratio among all crop establishment methods.Conclusion: In terms of productivity, soil studies and profitability, the establishment of rice by the system of rice intensification (SRI) technique in combination with 125% RDF inorganic approach was found to be superior to the other treatments.
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The selection of breeding material heavily relies on genetic variation and its inherited components. A thorough understanding of genetic variation is necessary in order to develop an improved variety. Thus, genetic parameters were assessed in the F2 population of the cross between DDK-1029 and GPM DIC 66. The genetic variability results indicated a moderate to high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation for characters like days to 50% flowering, plant height, productive tillers per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield. In contrast, the protein, iron and zinc contents exhibited low to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. All the traits had higher heritability except for grain yield which exhibited a moderate heritability. All the characters exhibited significant GAM except for days to maturity, iron content and protein content which exhibited moderate GAM. This suggests that high genetic variation, heritability, and GAM for such traits will aid in their improvement through both direct and indirect selection.
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Salinity stands out as a crucial abiotic stress factor that significantly impacts both crop yield and quality. Wheat, considered a moderately salt-tolerant crop, offers a wealth of variability and diversity within its species, presenting an accessible avenue for enhancing wheat's salt tolerance. Consequently, this study investigated the extent of genetic diversity for salt tolerance among sixty Triticum dicoccum germplasm accessions. In both saline and control condition, the genotypes were divided into three and nine separate clusters respectively, showing that there was a significant level of genetic variability among the genotypes by multivariate analysis. It was observed that biomass was the largest contributor (85.19 %) to the divergence in the saline situation. Among the yield parameters under saline condition, tillers per meter followed by thousand-grain weight and spike length were observed to be important. Thirteen genotypes were salt-tolerant, according to the Stress susceptibility index (SSI). The stress tolerance index (STI) was defined as a useful tool for determining the high yield and potential stress tolerance of genotypes. Based on the stress tolerance index, only eight genotypes were said to be tolerant.
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Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield and quality. Wheat is regarded as a moderately salt tolerant crop; wheat species exhibit high variability that can be conveniently explored to improve wheat species for salt tolerance. Hence, the magnitude of variability for salt tolerance was studied in dicoccum wheat germplasm accessions. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variance were observed for grain yield and yield attributes like tillers per meter, biomass, spikelets per spike and harvest index. The heritability and genetic advance over mean were moderate to high for grain yield, thousand grain weight, tillers per meter, biomass, spikelets per spike, harvest index, plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity. Character association studies revealed that harvest index and SPAD at anthesis stage exhibited a positive significant correlation under both saline and control condition. Path coefficient analysis revealed that traits like harvest index, biomass, tillers per meter and days to 50 per cent flowering were showing a high direct effect on grain yield under both saline and control condition. Thus, the present study provides valuable genetic resources for grain yield and yield parameters improvement which are associated with the salt tolerance in wheat species.