Monotropein Induced Apoptosis and Suppressed Cell Cycle Progression in Colorectal Cancer Cells / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine whether monotropein has an anticancer effect and explore its potential mechanisms against colorectal cancer (CRC) through network pharmacology and molecular docking combined with experimental verification.@*METHODS@#Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict potential targets of monotropein against CRC. Cell counting kit assay, plate monoclonal assay and microscopic observation were used to investigate the antiproliferative effects of monotropein on CRC cells HCT116, HT29 and LoVo. Flow cytometry and scratch assay were used to analyze apoptosis and cell cycle, as well as cell migration, respectively in HCT116, HT29, and LoVo cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell migration, and the expression of proteins key to the Akt pathway.@*RESULTS@#The Gene Ontology and Reactome enrichment analyses indicated that the anticancer potential of monotropein against CRC might be involved in multiple cancer-related signaling pathways. Among these pathways, RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt1, Akt2), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) were shown as the potential anticancer targets of monotropein against CRC. Molecular docking suggested that monotropein may interact with the 6 targets (Akt1, Akt2, CDK6, MMP9, EGFR, CDC42). Subsequently, cell activity of HCT116, HT29 and LoVo cell lines were significantly suppressed by monotropein (P<0.05). Furthermore, our research revealed that monotropein induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 and increasing Bax, induced G1-S cycle arrest in colorectal cancer by decreasing the expressions of CyclinD1, CDK4 and CDK6, inhibited cell migration by suppressing the expressions of CDC42 and MMP9 (P<0.05), and might play an anticancer role through Akt signaling pathway.@*CONCLUSION@#Monotropein exerts its antitumor effects primarily by arresting the cell cycle, causing cell apoptosis, and inhibiting cell migration. This indicates a high potential for developing novel medication for treating CRC.

Recent progress on the effects of structured lipids and fluidity of plasma membrane on tumor metastasis / 药学学报

The lipid composition of cell plasma membranes of aggressive tumors is significantly altered from normal, affecting the membrane fluidity and function. Plasma membrane fluidity involves multiple steps in tumor invasion and metastasis, including cell movement, adhesion, lateral diffusion of membrane molecules, signal transduction, material exchange and so on. This review highlights the difference in plasma membrane lipid composition and fluidity between normal and cancer cells, as well as the correlation with the invasion and metastasis potential of cancer. We also point out that the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumors can be inhibited by improving membrane fluidity or interfering with the membrane structured lipid composition, this focusing more on changing the biophysical properties of cancer cell membranes, and providing a novel strategy that works for treatment of tumor metastasis.

Effects of osthole on renal oxidative stress injury in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore the mechanism of osthole on elderly spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS: 20-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and healthy Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were purchased. SHRs were treated with osthole (i.g.) for 8 weeks. The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of rats were monitored. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), periodic acid-schiff staining (PAS) and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of rat kidney tissues. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in rat kidney was detected by ELISA kit. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS: Osthole reduced the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of SHRs, improved the histopathological changes of SHRs kidney, reduced the activity of MDA in SHRs kidney, and increased the activity of SOD and GSH. Osthole reduced the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. CONCLUSION: Osthole reduces the activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and exerts a protective effect on renal oxidative stress injury in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Effect of Early Intervention of Yishen Huazhuo Prescription on Learning and Memory of Accelerated Aging SAMP8 Mice and Its Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of early intervention with Yishen Huazhuo prescription （YHP） on the learning and memory of accelerated aging model mice， as well as its underlying mechanism. MethodForty-eight 3-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly assigned into four groups， including the model group， low-dose YHP group， high-dose YHP group， and donepezil group. Additionally， 24 SAMR1 mice of the same age were divided into a control group and a YHP treatment control group， each consisting of 12 mice. The YHP groups received YHP at doses of 6.24 g·kg-1 and 12.48 g·kg-1， while the donepezil group was treated with donepezil at a dose of 0.65 mg·kg-1. The model group and control groups were given physiological saline. The mice were gavaged once daily for a duration of four weeks. Spatial learning and memory abilities of mice were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to evaluate neuronal density as well as expression levels of M1 microglial （MG） polarization marker inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and M2 MG polarization marker arginase-1 （Arg-1） in the hippocampus region. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure serum levels of pro-inflammatory factor interleukin 1β （IL-1β） and anti-inflammatory factor transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）. Furthermore， Western blot analysis was conducted to determine expressions of amyloid β peptide1-42 （Aβ1-42） along with triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 （TREM2）/nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway-related proteins TREM2， phospho （p）-NF-κB p65， and phospho-inhibitory kappa B kinase β （IKKβ） in the hippocampus. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited a significantly prolonged escape latency （P<0.01）， a significant reduction in neuron-specific nuclear protein （NeuN） expression in the hippocampus， a significant increase in iNOS expression in MG， and a significant decrease in Arg-1 expression. The serum IL-1β content was significantly increased， while the TGF-β1 content was significantly decreased. Additionally， there was a significant decrease in TREM2 expression in the hippocampus and significant increases in p-NF-κB p65， p-IKKβ， and Aβ1-42 expressions （P<0.05， P<0.01）. However， no significant changes were observed in escape latency， times of crossing the platform， and hippocampal NeuN expression in the YHP treatment control group. Conversely， iNOS expression in MG as well as the hippocampal p-NF-κB p65， p-IKKβ， and Aβ1-42 expressions were significantly decreased. Furthermore， TREM2 expression was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In comparison to the model group， the low-dose YHP group showed a significantly shortened escape latency and an increased number of crossing the platform （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the high-dose YHP group， the escape latency was significantly shortened （P<0.05）. In the low-dose YHP group， high-dose YHP group， the expression of NeuN in the hippocampus was significantly increased， the expression of iNOS in MG was significantly decreased， and the expression of Arg-l was significantly increased. The serum IL-1β content was significantly decreased， while the TGF-β1 content was significantly increased. Furthermore， the expression of TREM2 in the hippocampus was significantly increased， and the expressions of p-NF-κB p65， p-IKKβ， and Aβ1-42 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionEarly YHP intervention may promote the transformation of hippocampal MG from M1 to M2 by regulating the TREM2/NF-κB signaling pathway， reduce the release of neuroinflammatory factors， protect hippocampal neurons， and reduce the deposition of Aβ1-42， and finally delay the occurrence of learning and memory decline in SAMP8 mice.

Lumbar Core Muscle Stability Training Combined with Kinesiology Taping Technique in Rehabilitation Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of lumbar core muscle stability training combined with kinesiology taping technique in the rehabilitation treatment of lumbar disc herniation （LDH）. MethodsA total of 99 LDH patients treated in Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected and divided into control group （n=49） and observation group （n=50）. Kinesiology taping technique was applied to patients in the control group and patients in the observation group were treated with lumbar core muscle stability training combined with kinesiology taping technique， then we compared the therapeutic effect， lumbar function and pain degree， surface electromyography of lumbar extensor muscles， lumbar range of motion， LDH recurrence and skin allergies before and after the treatment between the two groups. ResultsAfter 4 weeks of treatment， compared with those in the control group， in the observation group， the visual analogue scale （VAS） and Oswestry disability index （ODI） scores were significantly lower （P<0.05）； the Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） score， mean power frequency of lumbar extensor muscles， integral electromyography value and lumbar function score were significantly higher （P<0.05）. During the treatment， there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between two groups （P>0.05）. After 4 weeks of treatment， the observation group had a significantly lower LDH recurrence rate than the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionLumbar core muscle stability training combined with kinesiology taping technique achieves a significantly better therapeutic effect than kinesiology taping technique in the rehabilitation treatment of LDH and can effectively relieve muscle fatigue， help alleviate lumbar spine pain and improve the function of lumbar spine.

Imaging study on thoracic and lumbar physiological curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the alteration of thoracic and lumbar physiological curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) and the difference of physiological curvature between different types of scoliosis.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on 305 adolescent patients taken full spine X-ray in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. The patients were divided into normal group and scoliosis group. The normal group was composed of 179 patients, 79 males and 100 females, aged 10 to 18 years old with an average of (12.84±2.10) years old, with cobb agle less than 10 degrees. The scoliosis group was composed of 126 patients, 33 males and 93 females, aged 10 to 18 years old with an average of (13.92±2.20) years old. The gender, age, Risser sign, thoracic kyphosis(TK) and lumbar lordosis(LL) in 2 groups were compared, and the TK and LL were also compared between different genders, different degrees of scoliosis and different segments of scoliosis.@*RESULTS@#The female ratio(P=0.001) and age (P<0.001) in scoliosis group were higher than them in normal group; the ratio of low-grade ossification was higher in normal group than in scoliosis group(P=0.038). TK was significantly smaller in scoliosis group than in normal group(P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in LL between the 2 groups(P=0.147). There were no significant difference in TK and LL between male and female. The TK was significantly bigger in mild AIS patients than in moderate AIS patients(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in LL between mild and moderate patients(P>0.05). The TK and LL in different segments scoliosis were not found significant difference.@*CONCLUSION@#The physiological curvature of thoracic and lumbar spine is independent of gender. The thoracic physiological curvature becomes smaller in AIS patients, but lumbar curvature remains unchanged. The thoracic physiological curvature in mild AIS patients is greater than that in moderate AIS patients, but the lumbar curvature is almost unchanged between mild and moderate scoliosis and is similar with that in normal adolescent. The alteration of thoracic and lumbar physiological curvature in AIS patients may be related to relative anterior spinal overgrowth, and the specific detailed mechanism needs to be further studied.

Analysis of home gymnastics during covid-19 / Análise da ginástica doméstica durante a covid-19 / Análisis de la gimnasia doméstica durante el covid-19

ABSTRACT Introduction Gymnastics has become a viral sport thanks to home isolation and low requirements for sports venues and equipment. However, evidence is still lacking that home gymnastics can maintain physical and psychological function stability, even if performed correctly. Objective Analyze the effects of home gymnastics during covid-19 restrictions. Methods This experiment adopts the intragroup control method, five times a week for four weeks. Before and after the experiment, relevant data such as baseline physical quality, body shape, body composition, and exercise indexes are collected. The data are compared and analyzed statistically. Results Home gymnastics can effectively improve the body composition of its practitioners, improve basal metabolism, improve their body shape, improve cardiopulmonary function, and make athletes maintain good exercise ability, good lifestyle habits, and a healthy mentality. Conclusion It is recommended that teachers and interested departments actively organize students at home to perform corresponding gymnastics and use sports to ward off bad lifestyle habits and anxiety, promoting good physical and psychological function during home isolation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução A ginástica tornou-se um esporte viral graças ao isolamento doméstico e devido a suas baixas exigências para locais e equipamentos esportivos. Porém ainda faltam evidências de que a ginástica em casa possa manter a estabilidade da função física e psicológica, ainda que executada corretamente. Objetivo Analisar os efeitos da ginástica doméstica durante as restrições da covid-19. Métodos Este experimento adota o método de controle intragrupo, cinco vezes por semana durante quatro semanas. Antes e depois do experimento, os dados relevantes como qualidade física basal, forma corporal, composição corporal e índices de exercício são coletados. Os dados são comparados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados A ginástica em casa pode efetivamente melhorar a composição corporal dos seus praticantes, melhorar o metabolismo basal, melhorar sua forma corporal, melhorar a função cardiopulmonar, e fazer com que os esportistas mantenham boa capacidade de exercício, bons hábitos de vida e mentalidade saudável. Conclusão Recomenda-se aos professores e departamentos interessados a organizarem ativamente os estudantes em casa para realizar a ginástica correspondente e usar o esporte para afastar os maus hábitos de vida e a ansiedade, promovendo uma boa função física e psicológica durante o isolamento doméstico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La gimnasia se ha convertido en un deporte viral gracias al aislamiento doméstico y a sus escasas necesidades de instalaciones y equipamiento deportivo. Sin embargo, todavía no hay pruebas de que la gimnasia doméstica pueda mantener la estabilidad de la función física y psicológica, incluso si se realiza correctamente. Objetivo Analizar los efectos de la gimnasia domiciliaria durante las restricciones de covid-19. Métodos Este experimento adopta el método de control intragrupo, cinco veces por semana durante cuatro semanas. Antes y después del experimento, se recogen datos relevantes como la calidad física de referencia, la forma corporal, la composición corporal y los índices de ejercicio. Los datos se comparan y se analizan estadísticamente. Resultados La gimnasia en casa puede mejorar eficazmente la composición corporal de sus practicantes, mejorar el metabolismo basal, mejorar su forma corporal, mejorar la función cardiopulmonar y hacer que los deportistas mantengan una buena capacidad de ejercicio, buenos hábitos de vida y una mentalidad saludable. Conclusión Se recomienda a los profesores y a los departamentos interesados que organicen activamente a los alumnos en casa para que realicen la gimnasia correspondiente y utilicen el deporte para alejar los malos hábitos de vida y la ansiedad, promoviendo un buen funcionamiento físico y psicológico durante el aislamiento en casa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Research progress of multi-source information fusion technology in quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

The quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine is one of the key issues related to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. The quality evaluation technology system of traditional Chinese medicine mainly includes traditional evaluation (traits, microscopic and physicochemical identification), chemical evaluation and biological evaluation. Due to the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine, the single detection method in the above evaluation technology system usually cannot obtain sufficient quality information. The multi-source information fusion strategy can organically integrate data from multiple analysis and detection technologies to obtain more comprehensive information of samples and improve the quality evaluation effect. At present, multi-source information fusion strategy has been widely used in the fields of military, industrial and food, and it is still in its infancy in the field of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. This research introduces the definition, structure, method (algorithm) and fusion level of multi-source information fusion, summarizes its research progress in the origin traceability, variety identification and pharmaceutical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine, and sorts out the specific methods of data fusion in each literature. Finally, we summarized, prospected and discussed the application, development and existing problems of information fusion technology and its application in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine, in order to provide reference for broadening the application of this technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Mediating role of generalized trust between attachment and depression in female adolescents with depression / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundCompared with male adolescents， depression among female adolescents is of higher prevalence and greater severity. The level of generalized trust correlates with the severity of depression， and attachment correlates with the level of generalized trust. Therefore， based on the mediating role of generalized trust between attachment and depression， this study explores the pathogenesis of depression in female adolescents. ObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of generalized trust between paternal， maternal and peer attachment and depression in female adolescents， so as to provide references for improving the depression of female adolescents. MethodsThis study included 73 female adolescents who met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition（ICD-10） as well as received outpatient and inpatient treatment in Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital between March 2022 and October 2022. Investigation was conducted by use of Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment （IPPA-R）， the Inclusive General Trust Scale （IGTS） and Children's Depression Inventory （CDI）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each scale score. The Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of generalized trust between attachment and depression. Results① CDI score in female adolescents with depression was negatively correlated with scores of paternal， maternal and peer attachment in IPPA-R （r=-0.463， -0.459， -0.447， P<0.01）. Scores of paternal， maternal and peer attachment in IPPA-R were positively correlated with IGTS score （r=0.372， 0.318， 0.395， P<0.01）. IGTS score was negatively correlated with CDI score （r=-0.531， P<0.01 ）. ②The test of mediating role showed that the direct effect of paternal， maternal and peer attachment on depression level was significant in female adolescents with depression （effect size=-0.138， -0.136， -0.107， 95% CI： -0.236~-0.039， -0.242~-0.029， -0.203~-0.012）. ③The mediating role of generalized trust between paternal， maternal peer attachment and depression level was significant （effect size=-0.069， -0.066， -0.071， 95% CI： -0.127~-0.021， -0.137~-0.010， -0.145~-0.018）. ConclusionPaternal， maternal and peer attachment can influence the depression level of female adolescents both directly and indirectly through the generalized trust.

Content determination of 6 components in Jinlian qingre granules by QAMS method based on a variety of internal reference substances / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker （QAMS） method based on a variety of internal reference substances for the content determination of 6 components in Jinlian qingre granules， such as mangiferin， 2″-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin， orientin， veratric acid， vitexin， harpagoside. METHODS The determination was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， and the detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. Taking orientin， vitexin and 2″-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin as internal references， the relative correction factors （RCF） of the other 5 components to be determined and internal substances were determined by QAMS. The contents of 6 components in 21 batches of Jinlian qingre granules were calculated and then compared with the results of the external standard method. RESULTS The contents of mangiferin， 2″-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin， orientin， veratric acid， vitexin and harpagoside in 21 batches of samples were determined by QAMS in the range of 0.234-0.516， 1.804-2.270， 2.143-2.606， 0.190-0.223， 0.594-0.782， 0.080-0.152 mg/g； the contents of them determined by external standard method were 0.235-0.523， 1.798-2.265， 2.137-2.599， 0.190-0.224， 0.597-0.786， 0.077-0.151 mg/g， respectively. The percentage difference between the results measured by the two methods should not exceed 4.00%. CONCLUSIONS QAMS has been constructed for the simultaneous determination of 6 components in Jinlian qingre granules based on a variety of internal reference substances. The results obtained by this method are not significantly different from those obtained by the external standard method， and can be used for the quality control of Jinlian qingre granules.

Sorting and Elaborating on the Combination Theory of Herb Pairs / 中医杂志

@#As the smallest combination unit of Chinese medicinals， herbal pairs serve as the bridge between medicinals and formulas， whose combination theory reflects the basic characteristics of Chinese medicinals combination and the core essence of prescription composition. Simultaneously， as a key combination of medicinals in clinical treatment of diseases， syndromes， and symptoms， herbal pairs are the main form of clinical medication in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） as well as the characteristic advantage of treating diseases. This article summarized that “mutual complement of medicinals of same or antagonism flavor and nature” theory is the theoretical origin， and efficacy-enhancement and toxicity-attenuation is the core purpose of the combination of herbal pairs. The property theory of Chinese medicinals and the thought of differentiation and treatment are the main basis of the combination of herbal pairs， and pertinence and flexibility are the key points in clinical application. All mentioned above are expected to provide theoretical guidance for the clinical use and modern research of herbal pairs.

Protective Effect of Shentong Zhuyutang-containing Serum on Chondrocytes in Rats with Knee Osteoarthritis Based on AMPK/Sirt1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum against oxidative stress and apoptosis in chondrocytes of rats with knee osteoarthritis （KOA）. MethodFifty male rats were orally administered with normal saline， low-， medium-， and high-dose Shentong Zhuyutang （1.73， 3.46， 6.92 g·kg-1）， and glucosamine sulfate （0.3 g·kg-1） for two weeks. Serum samples were collected after the treatment period. The KOA model was established， and chondrocytes were isolated and randomly divided into normal group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum groups， and glucosamine sulfate group. During the chondrocyte culture， adenosine monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK） inhibitor Compound C （10 μmol·L-1） was added， and the cells were divided into normal group， model group， Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum group， and Compound C + Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum group. Cell proliferation was detected using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine （EdU） staining. Apoptosis was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL）. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were measured using DCFH-DA probe. Glutathione （GSH） and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels were determined using the colorimetric method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3）， MMP-13， type Ⅱ collagen （Col Ⅱ）， and Aggrecan. Western blot was performed to measure the protein expression of phosphorylated （p）-AMPK and silent information regulator factor 1 （Sirt1）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant decrease in chondrocyte proliferation rate， GSH activity， Col Ⅱ and Aggrecan mRNA expression， p-AMPK and Sirt1 protein levels （P<0.01）， and increased ROS levels， MDA content， TUNEL-positive cell rate， and MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum increased the number of EdU-positive cells， GSH activity， Col Ⅱ and Aggrecan mRNA expression， p-AMPK and Sirt1 protein levels in KOA rat chondrocytes （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased the TUNEL-positive cell rate， ROS levels， MDA content， MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum group， the Compound C + Shentong Zhuyutang-containing serum group showed significantly reduced p-AMPK and Sirt1 protein expression， GSH activity， Col Ⅱ and Aggrecan mRNA levels （P<0.01）， and increased TUNEL-positive cell rate， ROS levels， MDA content， MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA levels （P<0.01）. ConclusionShentong Zhuyutang-containing serum attenuates oxidative damage and reduces apoptosis in chondrocytes of rats with KOA， and its protective effect may be associated with the activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway.

Research on Digital Manufacturing Technology of Key Components of Artificial Knee Joint / 中国医疗器械杂志

The surface of the artificial knee joint manufactured by 3D printing technology is rough. This study uses advanced multi-axis machining technology to study how to improve the manufacturing accuracy of the artificial knee joint surface, and uses five-axis machining CAM software to analyze the process of three-dimensional model of the artificial knee joint and to compile tool path, create a five-axis special post-processor, convert the tool path point file into the NC program for machine tool processing. In order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the processing procedure, a Mikron HEM-500U machine tool simulation platform was built in the VERICUT simulation system for simulation processing verification, and then the blank prototype obtained by 3D printing was processed in a five-axis machine tool to meet medical clinical use requirements.

Cholesterol paradox in the community-living old adults: is higher better? / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the associations of lipid indicators and mortality in Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study.@*METHODS@#A prospective cohort was conducted based on Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study with 4499 community older adults. After the baseline survey, the last follow-up was March 31, 2021 with an average 8.13 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI for cardiovascular disease (CVD) death and all-cause death in associations with baseline lipid indicators.@*RESULTS@#A total of 4499 participants were recruited, and the mean levels of uric acid, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) showed an upward trend with the increasing remnant cholesterol (RC) quarters (Ptrend < 0.05), while the downward trend was found in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). During the total 36,596 person-years follow-up, the CVD mortality and all-cause mortality during an average 8.13 years of follow-up was 3.87% (95% CI: 3.30%-4.43%) and 14.83% (95% CI: 13.79%-15.86%) with 174 CVD death participants and 667 all-cause death participants. After adjusting for confounders, the higher level of TC (HR = 0.854, 95% CI: 0.730-0.997), LDL-C (HR = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.680-0.982) and HDL-C (HR = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.271-0.724) were associated with lower risk of CVD death, and the higher level of HDL-C (HR = 0.637, 95% CI: 0.501-0.810) were associated with lower risk of all-cause death. The higher level of RC (HR = 1.276, 95% CI: 1.010-1.613) increase the risk of CVD death. Compared with the normal lipid group, TC ≥ 6.20 mmol/L group and LDL-C ≥ 4.10 mmol/L group were no longer associated with lower risk of CVD death, while RC ≥ 0.80 mmol/L group was still associated with higher risk of CVD death. In normal lipid group, the higher levels of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were related with lower CVD death.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In community older adults, higher levels of TC and HDL-C were associated with lower CVD mortality in normal lipid reference range. Higher RC was associated with higher CVD mortality, which may be a better lipid indicator for estimating the CVD death risk in older adults.

Risk modeling based on HER-2 related genes for bladder cancer survival prognosis assessment / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-related genes (HRGs) and survival prognosis of bladder cancer and to construct a predictive model for survival prognosis of bladder cancer patients based on HRGs.@*METHODS@#HRGs in bladder cancer were found by downloading bladder tumor tissue mRNA sequencing data and clinical data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), downloading HER-2 related genes from the molecular signatures database (MsigDB), and crossing the two databases. Further identifying HRGs associated with bladder cancer survival (P < 0.05) by using single and multi-factor Cox regression analysis and constructing HRGs risk score model (HRSM), the bladder cancer patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups accor-ding to the median risk score. Survival analysis of the patients in high- and low-risk groups was conducted using R language and correlation of HRGs with clinical characteristics. A multi-factor Cox regression analysis was used to verify the independent factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with bladder cancer. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of HRSM was calculated, and a nomogram was constructed for survival prediction of the bladder cancer patients. Analysis of HRSM and patient immune cell infiltration correlation was made using the TIMER database.@*RESULTS@#A total of 13 HRGs associated with patient survival were identified in this study. Five genes (BTC, CDC37, EGF, PTPRR and EREG) were selected for HRSM by multi-factor Cox regression analysis. The 5-year survival rate of the bladder cancer patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the patients in the low-risk group. High expression of PTPRR was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with tumor grade and stage by clinical correlation analysis, while EREG was found to be the opposite; Increased expression of EGF was associated with high grade, however, the high expression ofCDC37showed the opposite result. And no significant correlation was found between BTC expression and clinical features. Correlation analysis of HRSM with immune cells revealed a positive correlation between risk score and infiltration of dendritic cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+T cells, neutrophils and macrophages.@*CONCLUSION@#HRGs have an important role in the prognosis of bladder cancer patients and may serve as new predictive biomarkers and potential targets for treatment.

Associations between maternal parenting styles and preschool children s quality of life in Chengdu / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between maternal parenting styles and quality of life among preschools，to provide a scientific theoretical basis for interventions targeting at prmoting early life health.@*Methods@#From May to July, 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to enroll 4 233 child mother dyads from 14 preschools in Chengdu. An online questionnaire survey was administered to collect socio demographic information, maternal parenting styles, and children s quality of life.@*Results@#The overall score of quality of life was (80.17±9.81) among preschool children in Chengdu. In the multivariate linear regression models, maternal emotional warmth were significantly associated with higher scores in emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning, psychosocial health summary score, and total scores ( β coefficients in the high level group were 2.63 , 4.95 , 12.05, 6.54,4.88, P <0.05). In contrast, both maternal rejection and overprotection were significantly associated with lower scores in physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning, psychosocial health summary score, and the total scores of children s quality of life (for rejection: β coefficients in the high level group were -9.39, -10.82, -7.12 , -6.04 , -8.00, and -8.35 , respectively; for overprotection: β coefficients in the high level group were -6.71, -5.85, -3.08 , -2.39 , -3.77, and - 4.51 , respectively， P <0.05). The associations between high level of maternal rejection and children s emotional functioning showed significant gender differences( β =-3.23, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Maternal parenting style has a significant impact on children s quality of life. Interventions targeting at maternal parenting styles may be beneficial to improve the quality of life in preschool children.

Establishment of whole-process intelligent pharmaceutical care model for peritoneal dialysis patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To develop a whole-process intelligent model of pharmaceutical care for peritoneal dialysis （PD） patients， and to provide a reference for clinical pharmacists to provide standardized PD pharmaceutical care. METHODS The pharmaceutical care mode of PD patients at home and abroad was investigated and analyzed. Based on the actual situation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University （hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”）， with “home→PD center outpatient→ inpatient department” as the main node， the recycling process of medication reconciliation was optimized. The whole-process intelligent pharmaceutical care model of PD was illustrated by improving the Chinese version of the drug-related problems （DRPs） classification tool， developing the corresponding pharmaceutical care process， and presenting specific cases. RESULTS Based on the medication therapy management （MTM） platform， our hospital had built a closed-loop PD whole-process intelligent pharmaceutical care model of “in-hospital pharmaceutical care （building document）-PD outpatient MTM-home pharmaceutical care （online App management）”. A “double cycle” workflow of “admission→discharge→outpatient” medication reconciliation cycle and “discovery-analysis-intervention-follow-up-record-evaluation” DRPs cycle was formed. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of the whole-process intelligent pharmaceutical care model for PD in our hospital provides experience for standardizing pharmaceutical care for PD patients， and can reduce DRPs.

Progress of researches on Blastocystis hominis infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Blastocystis is a common unicellular intestinal protozoa in humans and animals, and the most common clinical manifestations of infections include abdominal pain and diarrhea. Based on the sequence of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, 28 subtypes of B. hominis (ST1 to ST17, ST21 and ST23 to ST32) have been characterized. Previous studies have demonstrated that B. hominis infection is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other intestinal diseases, which threatens the health and quality of life among patients with B. hominis infection and is considered as an important public health problem. This review summarizes the progress of researches on B. hominis infection among IBD and IBS patients during the past 20 years, so as to provide insights into management of blastocystosis in China.

The posture decoding technique can improve the pelvis carriage and lumbar motion of patients with lower crossed syndrome, relieving back pain and relaxing the back muscles / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effectiveness of manual therapy based on posture decoding for patients with lower crossed syndrome (LCS).Methods:Thirty-six LCS patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 18. The observation group received manual therapy based on posture decoding, while the control group was treated with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), both in 20min sessions, once a week for 4 weeks. Before the experiment, after one, two and four weeks of treatment and followed-up 4 and 8 weeks later, both groups were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and finger-floor distance (FFD). Anterior pelvic tilt angles (ASIS-PSISs), sacral slopes (SS), lumbar curve index (LCI) and surface EMG flexion-relaxation ratios (FRRs) were also recorded from both groups before and after the treatment.Results:After one and four weeks of the treatment, the average VAS, ODI, and FFD had decreased significantly in both groups, with all significantly lower in the observation group, on average. At the final follow-up, the average VAS and ODI scores of both groups were significantly lower than before the treatment, with those of the observation group significantly lower than the control group′s averages. After 4 weeks of treatment significant differences were observed also in the group′s average ASIS-PSISs, SSs and LCIs compared with before the treatment. And right after the treatment the left and right surface electromyography FRRs of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusion:Manual therapy based on posture decoding can significantly improve the pelvis forward angle and lumbar motion of LCS patients, relieving back pain and relaxing back muscles.

Ultrashortwave therapy can inhibit inflammation and promote recovery from spinal cord injury / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of ultrashortwave (USW) therapy on inflammatory cytokines and the MAPK pathway of rats with a spinal cord injury.Methods:Seventy-nine Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group ( n=35), an intervention group ( n=35) and a sham group ( n=9). Allen′s method was used to establish a contusion model of SCI in the rats of the control and intervention groups, while the sham group′s spinal tissues were exposed but not stricken. Beginning twenty-four hours after SCI modeling, the intervention group was given 7min of USW therapy daily, five days a week till the day of sacrifice for sampling the target area of spinal cord for tests. Then, motion function was evaluated using Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring. One, three and seven days after the SCI modeling, immunofluorescence and western blotting were employed to observe any changes in inflammatory factors and the MAPK pathway in the lesioned area. Results:Fourteen days after the modeling the average BBB score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group′s average. Moreover, 7 days after the modeling the average content of the domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptor and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the target area of the spinal cord of sham group showed significantly lower levels than in the other 2 groups. And the levels in the intervention group were significantly lower than in the control group. Seven days after the modeling the number of cells positive for zinc finger protein 36 (TTP) in the lesioned area of the intervention group was significantly greater than among the control group. At the same time the levels of MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), phosphorylated-mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated version (p-MK2) and TTP in the control and intervention groups were significantly higher than in the sham group. And there were significant differences between the intervention group and control group in the levels of MK2, p-MK2 and TTP.Conclusion:Ultrashortwave therapy can inhibit inflammation by regulating the MAPK inflammatory pathway, promoting the recovery of motion functions, at least in rats.