ABSTRACT
The present work aimed to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of citrus peel in the redox status of liver and kidney in castrated rats. Twenty four Wistar albino rats were used. They were divided into 4 groups (n = 6). Group I was used as control. Group II was castration group, Group III was normal rats treated with citrus peel and Group IV was citrus peel castration group. Liver and kidney function and oxidative stress markers were measured. In addition, histopathological changes of liver and kidney were examined. Castration enhanced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production in both liver and kidney with concomitant reduction in glutathione. In addition, castration caused liver and kidney injuries as indicated by histopathological changed of the liver and kidney with a disturbance in the functions of liver and kidney. Citrus peel protected liver and kidney through decreasing the oxidative stress stimulating the antioxidant defense system. From the present results, it can be concluded that the decrease in liver and kidney damages during citrus peel treatment may be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress overproduction and maintenance of antioxidant defense mechanisms of this extract.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to assess the effect of plant's extract on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and its influence on redox status and tissue injury on liver. Among five groups of albino mice, three were treated with plant's extract, in addition, a group treated with the standard drug, 5-fluorouracil. Ascites tumor was introduced into female mice by inoculation of 2.5 x 106 viable tumor cells/mouse. After 5 days of transplantation, the extraction of Saliva aegyptiaca (Egyptian sage) and Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) were given daily for 4 days via intraperitoneal route at a dose level of 55 and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, to mice bearing EAC cells. The results revealed that both Egyptian sage and fenugreek normalized oxidative stress in liver of mice-bearing EAC cells evidenced by increasing the level of glutathione. On the other hand, significant decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were demonstrated in liver indicating controlled oxidative stress in these animals. As a consequence, Egyptian sage and fenugreek regulated liver enzymes namely alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin. Regarding to histopathological results, treatment with Egyptian sage and fenugreek extracts diminished most of the pathological alterations induced by EAC cells in mice. In conclusion, the present data suggested that Egyptian sage and fenugreek as a potential therapeutic complement in the treatment of different pathologies that may be related to an imbalance of the cellular oxidoreductive status associated with liver injury.
ABSTRACT
Over the past decade illness outbreaks have posed a serious threat to human life and well-being. The 2009 outbreak H1N1/A influenza virus also was expected to disproportionately affect healthy young persons under the age of 25 years. A small amount of the preservative thimerosal is routinely added to many vaccine preparations, including H1N1 vaccine. Thimerosal is an organic mercurial containing an ethylmercury moiety attached to the sulfur atom of thiosalicylate. Since the 1930s, thimerosal has been used as an antiseptic and a preservative in a wide variety of products, to investigate the monoamines alternation and oxidative stress induced after H1N1 vaccine injection, adult male Swiss mice were injected with thiomerosal, adjuvant, H1N1 antigen and H1N1 vaccine. Results obtain on the present study showed that thiomerosal, H1N1 antigen and H1N1 vaccine were caused significant decrease in norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) contents of hypothalamus, striatum and cerebral cortex. The alternation in NE and DA was associated with significant increase in oxidative markers namely lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide, oxidation induction was extent to cause significant decrease in glutathione level. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that H1N1 vaccine as a whole and/or its ingredient caused oxidative stress and monoamines alternations in brain of mice. The present observation could be due to the presence of thiomerosal.
ABSTRACT
Salvia aegyptiaca (Egyptian sage) and Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) have potential tannins, total flavonoids and total phenolics as examined in vitro in the present study. In addition, the antioxidant effect of Egyptian sage (ESE) and fenugreek (FE) extracts were evaluated in normal male adult mice. Also, there is no evidence about the positive and/or negative effect of those extracts on male fertility. In order to evaluate the beneficial effect of those extracts, liver and kidney functions, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide. In addition, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant molecules as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were estimated. Also, histological examination of testis was done. The results revealed that both extract of ESE and FE have potent antioxidant activity by reducing lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide formation in testis tissues of mice. Those activities were extended to non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense components such as GSH, CAT, SOD, GR and GST. Additionally, ESE mixed to FE caused enhancement in testis structure with improved seminiferous tubules and spermatozoa. In conclusion, the results obtained showed that ESE and FE may contain some biologically active components that may be active against oxidative stress, and this may be the basis for its traditional use for environmental toxins.