Role of inhibiting lncRNA TUG1 to down⁃regulate nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptor protein 1 inflammasome in delaying the progression of Alzheimer’s disease / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the relieving effects of knockdown of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) on inhibiting nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome and the progression of Alzheimer’ s disease. Methods Wild-type (WT group, 10 mice) or amyloid precursor protein (APP) / presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice (30 mice) with a genetic background of C57 / BL6 aged 9-10 weeks were used in this study. APP / PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group, model+lncRNA TUG1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) group and model + shRNA non target (NT) group (n = 10) . Blood samples, cerebral cortex tissues, primary microglial cells and primary astrocytes were collected from mice 12 weeks of age on day 1 (3-month-old) and 32 weeks of age on day 1 (8-month-old), with 5 mice per group at each time point. Real-time PCR analysis was used to detect the expression levels of lncRNA TUG1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA in cerebral cortex tissues and primary microglial cells, and C1r and C1s mRNA levels in primary astrocytes of 3-month-old and 8-month-old mice in the above 4 groups, respectively. ELISA was used to determine the MIF in plasma samples of the above 4 groups of mice. Primary microglia and astrocytes from the cerebral cortex of 3-month-old and 8-month-old mice were co-cultured. CCK-8 method was used to determine the proliferation ability of the above cells. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of MIF, pro interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β), apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recrult domain(ASC), Caspase-1 (p20), Caspase-1 (full), NLRP1 and NLRP3 in cerebral cortex tissues of 3-month-old and 8-month-old mice. Immunofluorescent staining was used to determine amyloid beta(Aβ) in cerebral cortex of 8-month-old mice. Results At the age of 3-month-old and 8-month-old, compared with the WT group, the relative expression level of lncRNA TUG1 and MIF in cerebral cortex tissues and primary microglia of model group mice was significantly up-regulated, with primary microglial cells and astrocytes proliferation ability enhanced (P0. 05) . There was no significant difference between the model group and the model+shRNA NT group mice of all the above factors (P>0. 05) . Conclusion In APP / PS1 transgenic mice, up-regulation of lncRNA TUG1 and MIF are positively associated with the activation of NLRP1 inflammasome in mice cerebral cortex tissues and primary microglia. Knock-down of lncRNA TUG1 can ameliorate the progression of Alzheimer’ s disease.

Investigation and analysis of airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the species, concentration and seasonal trends of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. Methods: The Department of allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study about monitoring the airborne allergenic pollen from August 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022 by the gravitational method in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City, which include Yuquan District, Xincheng District, Huimin District, Saihan District, Tuoketuo County, Helingeer County, Tumotezuoqi County, Wuchuan County and Qingshuihe County. Daily pollens were counted and identified by optical microscopy, and the data were analyzed. Results: The airborne allergenic pollen was collected every month all year round in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot city. Through the whole year of the total quantity of pollens ranged from 24 850 to 50 154 grains per 1 000 mm2 and two peaks of pollen concentration in air were observed,which happened in spring (from March to May) and in summer and autumn (from July to September). In spring, the main pollens were tree pollens, which principally distributed in Populus pollen (18.29%), Ulmus pollen (8.36%), Pinus pollen (6.20%), Cupressaceae pollen (5.23%), Betulaceae pollen (2.73%), Salix pollen (1.80%) and Quercus pollen (1.16%). In summer and autumn, the main pollens were weed pollens, which mainly included Artemisia pollen (42.73%), Chenopodiaceae pollen or Amaranthaceae pollen (7.46%), Poaceae pollen (2.26%), Humulus pollen or Cannabis pollen (0.60%). Conclusion: There were two peaks of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. In the spring peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were tree pollens. In the summer and autumn peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were weed pollens. The Artemisia pollen was the most major airborne pollen in this area.

Investigation and analysis of airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the species, concentration and seasonal trends of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. Methods: The Department of allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study about monitoring the airborne allergenic pollen from August 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022 by the gravitational method in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City, which include Yuquan District, Xincheng District, Huimin District, Saihan District, Tuoketuo County, Helingeer County, Tumotezuoqi County, Wuchuan County and Qingshuihe County. Daily pollens were counted and identified by optical microscopy, and the data were analyzed. Results: The airborne allergenic pollen was collected every month all year round in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot city. Through the whole year of the total quantity of pollens ranged from 24 850 to 50 154 grains per 1 000 mm2 and two peaks of pollen concentration in air were observed,which happened in spring (from March to May) and in summer and autumn (from July to September). In spring, the main pollens were tree pollens, which principally distributed in Populus pollen (18.29%), Ulmus pollen (8.36%), Pinus pollen (6.20%), Cupressaceae pollen (5.23%), Betulaceae pollen (2.73%), Salix pollen (1.80%) and Quercus pollen (1.16%). In summer and autumn, the main pollens were weed pollens, which mainly included Artemisia pollen (42.73%), Chenopodiaceae pollen or Amaranthaceae pollen (7.46%), Poaceae pollen (2.26%), Humulus pollen or Cannabis pollen (0.60%). Conclusion: There were two peaks of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City. In the spring peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were tree pollens. In the summer and autumn peak of pollen, the main airborne pollens were weed pollens. The Artemisia pollen was the most major airborne pollen in this area.

Identification of Complex and Combined Antibody Consisted of Anti-c, Anti-E, Anti-Jka and Anti-Fya / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of multiple serological methods in the identification of complex antibodies.@*METHODS@#The blood group antigens were detected by saline and microcolumn agglutination methods. The saline method was used to screen and identify IgM-type antibodies in the patient's serum, while the polybrene, anti-globulin, microcolumn agglutination, enzymic and absorption-elution methods were used to screen and identify IgG-type antibodies.@*RESULTS@#The patient was B/CCDee/Jk(a-b+)/Fy(a-b+) blood type. The serum reacted with panel cells, and the reaction presented anti-E pattern in the saline medium. It was fully positive in the microcolumn agglutination card, except 2 negative ones after using papain to treat the panel cells. Referring to the pattern table, it was concluded that there existed anti-c, anti-E, and anti-Jka antibodies, and one antibody corresponding to an antigen that was easily destroyed by papain. The red blood cells with specific phenotype were selected for absorption-elution to identify IgG-type anti-c, anti-E, anti-Jka and anti-Fya antibodies.@*CONCLUSION@#It is confirmed that IgM-type anti-E, and IgG-type anti-c, anti-E, anti-Jka and anti-Fya antibodies exist in the patient's serum by multiple serological methods.

Sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in Beijing area / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing area, and to explore the characteristics of Juniper chinensis pollen sensitized population. Methods: Patients with suspected allergic rhinitis and/or asthma from January 2017 to December 2019 in the outpatient department of Allergy Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital were selected in this study. Skin prick test (SPT) was performed with Juniper chinensis pollen allergen reagent to compare different age and disease allergen distribution, and to observe the sensitization characteristics of its population. All of the analyses were performed using SAS software version 9.4. Results: A total of 8 380 patients were enrolled in the end. The total positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT reached 49.92% (4 183/8 380). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT was highest in the 10-14 age group, reaching 60.99% (283/464). Compared with other age groups, there was a statistical difference (χ²=266.77, P<0.01). The SPT positive rate of patients aged less than 10 years increased with the increase of age, while the SPT positive rate of patients aged over 40 years decreased with the increase of age. Single Juniper chinensis pollen was less allergenic, accounting for about 25.05% (1 048/4 183), and the patients' age was (35.21±12.39) years. Regardless of single Juniper chinensis pollen or other pollen allergies, allergic rhinitis was the main disease. Among the patients with SPT positive Juniper chinensis pollen combined with other inhaled pollen allergens, willow pollen accounted for the first (74.99%). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen was the highest in patients with single allergic rhinitis, accounting for 52.05% (3 797/7 295), and the rate in patients with single allergic asthma was the lowest, accounting for 17.49% (53/303), with statistically difference (χ²=138.99, P<0.01). Conclusions: Juniper chinensis pollen is highly sensitized in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing . The positive rate of SPT is highest among 10-14 age group, most of which showed strong positive reaction, and allergic rhinitis is more common in Juniper chinensis pollen sensitization diseases.

Effect of Robotic-assisted Gait Training on Motor and Walking for Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of robotic-assisted gait training on the motor function and walking ability for children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods:From October, 2020 to April, 2021, 34 children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into control group (n = 17) and experimental group (n = 17). The control group received conventional physical therapy 60 minutes a day, while the experimental group received physical therapy and robotic-assisted gait training, 30 minutes a day respectively. They were assessed with 10-meter walk test (10MWT), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), Physiological Consumption Index, Gross Motor Functional Measure (D and E dimensions), center of pressure envelope area, and Functional Ambulation Categories before training, eight weeks after training, and one-month follow-up. Results:Four cases dropped out. All the indexes improved in the experimental group after training (|t| > 3.219, P < 0.05), and they were stable as follow-up (|t| < 1.565, P > 0.05), except 10MWT (|t| > 3.491, P < 0.01); while they were better than those in the control group (|t| > 2.108, P < 0.05), except 6MWD. Conclusion:Robotic-assisted gait training can promote the recovery of motor, balance and walking for children with spastic cerebral palsy based on conventional physical therapy, and remain at least one month.

Advance in Physiotherapy of Robot-assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation for Walking Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Walking is the embodiment of the ultimate goal of the central nervous system at the level of biomechanics, which is of great significance to the formation of children's psychological and motor independence. It is necessary to improve walking mobile function to obtain independent mobile ability and the quality of daily life. The standard of routine walking training cannot be unified, and the evaluation index cannot be standardized and quantified. Robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation is the research hotspot in the field of improving walking mobile function in neurological dysfunction in recent years, which is characterized by high-intensity and repetitive locomotion. This paper briefly introduced the development, classification and rehabilitation mechanism of robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation, and summarized the application of robot-assisted gait training in the rehabilitation of walking mobile dysfunction of children with spastic cerebral palsy based on the framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation can significantly improve the range of motion, muscle strength and spatiotemporal parameters of spastic cerebral palsy, and significantly improve the short-term motor and balance function. However, the researches on reducing abnormal muscle tone, reducing energy expenditure and improving participation ability are still controversial, and the standard of long-term efficacy and intervention measures still needs to be further studied. In the future, it is necessary to carry out multi-center research with large samples, so that the robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation can be used as a supplementary mean of routine physical therapy for children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Analysis of characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced seasonal allergic rhinitis in the Inner Mongolian grassland region of China / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) as well as the distribution and sensitization characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen in Inner Mongolia grassland of northern China. Methods: From May 2015 to August 2015, using stratified, cluster and random sampling, a field interviewer-administered survey study and skin prick test (SPT) were conducted in six areas of Inner Mongolia grassland (Xilinhot, Erenhot, Duolun, Tongliao, Jarud, Kailu), and pollen monitoring was carried out in the above six areas from January 1 to December 31 of 2015. The clinical characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR, distribution and sensitization characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen in these regions were observed. SAS software 9.4 was used for data processing. Results: A total of 6 043 subjects completed the study. The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR was 13.2% (795/6 043). The highest prevalence was found in the 18-39 age group. Subjects from urban areas showed higher prevalence of SAR than rural areas (61.2% vs 37.9%, P<0.001). There was significant regional difference in the prevalence rate of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR among the above six areas (Xilinhot 21.5%, Erenhot 17.8%, Duolun 8.9%, Tongliao 6.9%, Jarud 15.3%, Kailu 9.7%, P<0.001). The main clinical symptoms of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR were sneezing (96.5%) and nasal itching (92.2%). Eye itching was more obvious among the ocular symptoms (69.1%), while fatigue (32.1%) and drowsiness (31.5%) were more prominent among other related symptoms. Among comorbidities of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR, allergic conjunctivitis accounted for 71.4% (568/795), food allergy accounted for 86.7% (689/795) and asthma accounted for 16.7% (133/795). The peak of Chenopodiaceae pollen spread was in August. The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR was positively correlated with the concentration of Chenopodiaceae pollen (R2=0.78, P=0.043). The SPT positive rate of Chenopodiaceae pollen was 21.2% (1 282/6 043), and Xilinhot had the highest rate in six regions (28.0%, 236/842). Conclusions: The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR in Inner Mongolia grassland stays at a high level. Sneezing is the most obvious symptom of SAR. The peak of Chenopodiaceae pollen spread is in August and the prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR is positively correlated with the pollen concentration.

Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation Rehabilitation Cycling on Lower Limb Motor Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) rehabilitation cycling on lower limb motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods From November, 2017 to December, 2020, 36 children with spastic hemiplegia in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 18) and observation group (n = 18). The control group received routine rehabilitation training twice a day, and the observation group received FES rehabilitation cycling in addition, for eight weeks. Before and after treatment, the muscle tension of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles on hemiplegic side was evaluated by modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the change of walking speed was evaluated by 10-meter walking speed, the change of walking endurance was evaluated by 6-minute Walking Test, the walking function was evaluated by areas D and E of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and the energy consumption was evaluated by physiological cost index (PCI) . Results Two cases dropped out in the observation group. After training, there was no significant difference in MAS score of gastrocnemius muscle in both groups (t < 1.145, P > 0.05), the MAS score of hamstring muscle significantly decreased in the observation group (t = 4.869, P < 0.001), and no significant change was found in the control group (t = 1.458, P > 0.05). After training, the 10-meter walking speed, 6-minute walking distance, the score of GMFM and PCI significantly improved in both groups (|t| > 6.241, P < 0.001), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.097, P < 0.05). Conclusion FES rehabilitation cycling training can improve the lower limb motor function of children with spastic hemiplegia.

Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation Rehabilitation Cycling on Lower Limb Motor Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) rehabilitation cycling on lower limb motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods From November, 2017 to December, 2020, 36 children with spastic hemiplegia in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 18) and observation group (n = 18). The control group received routine rehabilitation training twice a day, and the observation group received FES rehabilitation cycling in addition, for eight weeks. Before and after treatment, the muscle tension of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles on hemiplegic side was evaluated by modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the change of walking speed was evaluated by 10-meter walking speed, the change of walking endurance was evaluated by 6-minute Walking Test, the walking function was evaluated by areas D and E of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and the energy consumption was evaluated by physiological cost index (PCI) . Results Two cases dropped out in the observation group. After training, there was no significant difference in MAS score of gastrocnemius muscle in both groups (t < 1.145, P > 0.05), the MAS score of hamstring muscle significantly decreased in the observation group (t = 4.869, P < 0.001), and no significant change was found in the control group (t = 1.458, P > 0.05). After training, the 10-meter walking speed, 6-minute walking distance, the score of GMFM and PCI significantly improved in both groups (|t| > 6.241, P < 0.001), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.097, P < 0.05). Conclusion FES rehabilitation cycling training can improve the lower limb motor function of children with spastic hemiplegia.

Serological Identification and FUT1 Gene Mutation Analysis of 8 Individuals with Para-Bombay Phenotypes in Guangxi / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the serological characteristics and molecular biological basis of 8 individuals with Para-Bombay phenotypes in Guangxi area.@*METHODS@#Serological tests were used to identify the blood groups of red cells. Molecular biological methods, including PCR-SSP for ABO genotyping and DNA sequencing for FUT1, were used to detect the genotypes of ABO and FUT1 which determined the expression of H antigen.@*RESULTS@#Eight individuals in the study were all the Para-Bombay phenotypes, including 4 cases of B@*CONCLUSION@#There are varieties of molecular genetic mechanisms for Para-Bombay phenotypes. In this study, the FUT1 mutations that cause Para-Bombay phenotypes in Guangxi area are mainly h3, h

Reform of Professional Education in Physical Therapy in Perspectives of World Confederation for Physical Therapy International Course Accreditation: Case of Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine / 中国康复理论与实践

This study described the significance of professional education in physical therapy in Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine under the background of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) International Course Accreditation, analyzed the present problems of core curriculum system as well as the inevitable trends of carrying on the education reform of physical therapy, and the continuous reform program of core curriculum system in physical therapy based on the accreditation of the WCPT were suggested. The final purpose was to improve the quality of physical therapy talents substantially in order to achieve the standard of WCPT accreditation.

The study of combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach in the treatment of anterior temporo-mandibular joint dislocation / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical outcomes of a combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach in the treatment of anterior temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation.@*METHODS@#Postural muscular chains were utilized in the biomechanical analysis of stomatognathic systems for improving TMJ repositioning approaches. A total of 87 patients with anterior TMJ dislocation were included in the present study. A combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach was applied, and the clinical effects were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Biomechanical analysis reveal that reflexive contrac-tion of the maxillary muscle group was blocked sufficiently during the combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction process. All dislocated TMJs were set successfully and efficiently with few complications.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach is an effective, convenient, and minimally invasive way to treat anterior TMJ dislo-cations.

Effects and mechanism of Angelicae Sinensis Radix on Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in mice with asthma and Yin deficiency syndrome / 中国中药杂志

Angelicae Sinensis Radix, with nourishing Yin, promoting blood circulation, and moisturizing dryness functions, is commonly used in clinical medicine. In order to investigate the effects and mechanism of Angelica sinensis(AS) on Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in mice with asthma and Yin deficiency syndrome, asthmatic and Yin deficiency syndrome Balb/c mice models were established by injecting and inhaling ovalbumin(OVA) and thyroxin. The models were treated with dexamethasone(DXM), AS extract and AS extract+DXM, respectively. Pathological examination of lung tissues was conducted by HE staining, and ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ, TGF-β as well as retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (RORγt). Results showed that AS could significantly improve the situation of inflammation infiltration, increase ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and TGF-β/IL-17, decrease the levels of RORγt in lung tissues. The AS+DXM group showed a best treatment effect. The results indicated that AS played a therapeutic role for asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome and improved airway inflammation by inhibiting the expression of RORγt in lung tissues and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg.

Study on correlation between color and effective components contents of Glycyrrhiza uralensis / 中国中药杂志

To explore the correlation between color of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and its quality evaluation,the colors of root bark and transverse section were determined by Precision Color Reader and Visual Analyzer,and the contents of six flavonoids and two saponins in G.uralensis were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The partial least squares regression（PLSR）method was employed to correlate the colors with component contents in G.uralensis. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the colors of root bark but significant or very significant differences（P<0.05,P<0.01）in the colors of transverse section between the wild and cultivated G. uralensis. Compared with those in the cultivated G. uralensis, the contents of liquiritin, isoliquiritin isoliquiritigenin and the contents of ammonium glycyrrhizinate, glycyrrhetinic acid were obviously significant or remarkably significant in the wild G. uralensis.The correlation results showed that there was a significant or very significant correlation between the colors and the effective component contents. This study provides a scientific basis to evaluate the quality of G.uralensis by color and a new reference for the traditional evaluation methods for Chinese drugs.

Evidence-based nursing practice of enteral nutrition support among ICU patients with diarrhea / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the best intervention based on evidences of enteral nutrition support complicated with diarrhea in critically ill patients and evaluate its clinical effects.Methods Evidence was obtained using Evidence-based Nursing,and was implemented in clinical practice after localization,we formulated numing recommendations for regulating nurses' clinical practice regarding enteral nutrition support complicated with diarrhea in ICU patients;we conducted multiple online and offline training for nurses.The rate of diarrhea in ICU patients undergoing enteral nutrition support before and after using best evidence was compared,and awareness and implementation of best evidence among nurses before and after training were also compared.Results After adapting the best evidence,the rate of enteral nutrition associated diarrhea decreased from 25.58％ to 13.89％;ICU nurses' diarrhea identification and evaluation,analysis of influencing factors of enteral nutrition associated diarrhea,selection of enteral nutrition formula,nasal feeding,etc.,were significantly improved (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in enteral nutrition infusion,and nutrition preparation and preservation (P＞0.05);rare of implementation of best evidence in ICU nurses was greater than 80％.Conclusion Evidence-based practice can effectively prevent enteral nutrition associated diarrhea in ICU patients.Nurses can solve enteral nutrition associated diarrhea using scientific nursing methods through implementation of best evidence,in order to nursing quality.

Study on intestinal absorption of ingredients from different compatibilities of Shaoyao Gancao decoction / 中国中药杂志

To study the compatible mechanisms and compatible proportion of Shaoyao Gancao decoction, the intestinal absorption of main ingredients in Shaoyao Gancao decoction SG11 (Baishao-Zhigancao 1: 1) , SG31 (Baishao-Zhigancao 3: 1), Baishao water decoction S and Zhigancao (G) were investigated and compared using in vitro everted intestinal sac model and in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. The concentration of paeoniflorin (PF), liquiritin (LQ) and mono-ammonium glycyrrhizinate (GL) in test samples and samples of intestinal sac and intestinal perfusion was determined by HPLC. The intestinal absorptive amount and absorption parameters were calculated. Results showed that in the everted intestinal sac model, three ingredients could be absorbed by duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and the absorption in the jejunum was best for all 3 ingredients. The absorption rate of three ingredients in SG11 was significantly higher than that in single decoction (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference compared with SG31. In SPIP model, the absorption rate constant K(a), the apparent absorption coefficient P(app) and the absorption rate of three ingredients in SG11 were significantly higher than those in single decoction. Parameters of PF and GL in SG11 were significantly higher than those in SG31, but had no differences of LQ. It proved that the compatibility of Baishao and Zhigancao could improve the intestinal absorption of PF, LQ and GL. The absorption of each ingredient in SG11 was better than that in SG31.

Effect of pigmentation on the strength of dental Y-TZP/porcelain bilayered structure / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of two methods of pigmentation on the flexural strength of dental Y-TZP/porcelain layered structure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>KaVo zirconia substructures were pigmented by dipping presintered blocks in the coloring solution VITA LL1 and LL5, and colored TZ-3YS zirconia substructures were fabricated by adding pigments before isostatic pressing. The colors No.1 and No.5 were used for the test. The specimens were made in monolithic or bilayered forms, and the flexural strength was tested. XRD and SEM with EDX were used to analyze the characteristics of the surface structure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In KaVo group, no significant differences were found in the flexural strength between white and LL1 and LL5 colored monoclinic materials, nor in bilayered structures. While in TZ-3YS group, significant differences were noted in the flexural strength between color No.5 white and color No.1 monoclinic materials, but not between the latter two subgroups. The flexural strength was significantly lowered by veneering with porcelain in both zirconia groups, and similar findings were observed with the monoclinic materials. Only the tetragonal phase was detected in both of the zirconia groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pigmentation has no apparent effects on the bonding strength between the veneering porcelain and zirconia. Both coloring methods are appropriate when the concentration of the pigments is under deliberate control.</p>

Current overseas researches on prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting with acupuncture / 中国针灸

In order to provide leads and ideas for the future clinical researches, overseas current randomized controlled trials on acupuncture for postoperative nausea and vomiting are studied in this article. Summarization is given on those overseas trials of the recent 20 years from aspects of effectiveness and advantages of acupuncture treatment, treatment methods and the best opportunity of treatment. The result indicates that the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting is basically approved by modern clinical researches. Further studies should be focused on the potential of influence on acupuncture effect by different types of anesthetics, durations of operation and sorts of surgery. Importance should also be attached on enhancing therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment by applying proper differentiation of syndromes, as well as its benefit estimation on health economy.

Effects of three types of veneering porcelain on bending strength of KAVO(TM) Y-TZP/porcelain bilayered structure / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of three types of veneering porcelain on the bending strength of KAVO Y-TZP/porcelain layered structure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>KAVO zirconia ceramics were used as the substructure. To form Y-TZP/porcelain bilayered structure, a leucite-based veneering porcelain was fired on the zirconia substructures by slip-casting technique with dentin washbake, and two nano-fluorapatite-based veneering porcelains were fired on the zirconia substructures by either slip-casting or pressed-on technique with or without liner coverage. The bending strength was tested according to ISO 6872 standard, and the veneered surfaces of the fracture samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For covering KAVO zirconia core material, the conventional veneering slurry-porcelain combined with liner or wash firing had significant higher bending strength than pressed-on porcelain. SEM showed that the main failure type at the interface was adhesive failure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thin layer sintering using washbake program or liner on KAVO zirconia surface increases the surface wettability, and this procedure may be indispensable when veneering on the surface of dental zirconia.</p>