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Objective:To study influence of Connect-Introduce-Communicate-Ask-Respond-Exit(CICARE)communication mode on patients with acute heart failure(AHF).Methods:A total of 156 AHF patients treated in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into routine nursing group and CICARE group(received CICARE communication mode based on routine nursing group).Both groups were intervened for one month.General clinical data,hospitalization indexes,scores of Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD),Hamilton rating scale for anxiety(HAMA),general self-efficacy scale(GSES)and quality of life scale(QOL-35)before and after inter-vention and incidence of complications were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine nursing group,there were significant reductions in first aid time[(42.06±9.77)s vs.(20.27±3.77)s],visit time[(95.67±23.18)min vs.(50.07±11.21)min],admission time[(3.22±0.36)min vs.(2.60±0.67)min]and hospital stay[(22.33±4.82)d vs.(14.13±2.42)d];and scores of HAMD[(14.02±1.42)scores vs.(6.04± 1.57)scores]and HAMA[(13.24±2.07)scores vs.(7.16±2.17)scores]after intervention,and significant rise in scores of GSES[(14.25±3.14)scores vs.(32.03±6.06)scores]and QOL-35[(70.67±5.75)scores vs.(86.93±5.51)scores]in CICARE group after intervention(P=0.001 all).Incidence rate of complications in CICARE group was significantly lower than that of CICARE group(5.13%vs.20.51%,P=0.004).Conclusion:CICARE communication mode can significantly alleviate adverse emotions and improve self-efficacy in patients with acute heart failure.
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Objective: To explore the application of manual screening collaborated with the Artificial Intelligence TPS-Assisted Cytologic Screening System in urinary exfoliative cytology and its clinical values. Methods: A total of 3 033 urine exfoliated cytology samples were collected at the Henan People's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Liquid-based thin-layer cytology was prepared. The slides were manually read under the microscope and digitally presented using a scanner. The intelligent identification and analysis were carried out using an artificial intelligence TPS assisted screening system. The Paris Report Classification System of Urinary Exfoliated Cytology 2022 was used as the evaluation standard. Atypical urothelial cells and even higher grade lesions were considered as positive when evaluating the recognition sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-assisted screening systems and human-machine collaborative cytologic screening methods in urine exfoliative cytology. Among the collected cases, there were also 1 100 pathological tissue controls. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the AI-assisted cytologic screening system were 77.18%, 90.79% and 69.49%; those of human-machine coordination method were 92.89%, 99.63% and 89.09%, respectively. Compared with the histopathological results, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of manual reading were 79.82%, 74.20% and 95.80%, respectively, while those of AI-assisted cytologic screening system were 93.45%, 93.73% and 92.66%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of human-machine coordination method were 95.36%, 95.21% and 95.80%, respectively. Both cytological and histological controls showed that human-machine coordination review method had higher diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity, and lower false negative rates. Conclusions: The artificial intelligence TPS assisted cytologic screening system has achieved acceptable accuracy in urine exfoliation cytologic screening. The combination of manual screening and artificial intelligence TPS assisted screening system can effectively improve the sensitivity and accuracy of cytologic screening and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.
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Humans , Artificial Intelligence , Urothelium/pathology , Cytodiagnosis , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Urologic Neoplasms/urineABSTRACT
[Abstract] Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of sodium ferulate (SF) on the inflammatory response in migraine rats by regulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) / p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway. Methods The migraine rat model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of nitroglycerin. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly grouped into model group, SF low dose (SF-L) group (50 mg/ kg), SF high dose (SF-H) group (100 mg/ kg), SF+JNK inhibitor (SF + SP600125) group (SF 100 mg/ kg +SP600125 10 mg/ kg), and SF+JNK activator [SF + anisomycin(AN)] group (SF 100 mg/ kg +AN 5 mg/ kg), 12 in each group, another 12 SD rats without treatment were taken as blank group. The behavioral changes of the rats in each group were observed 24 hours after the administration, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were detected by ELISA, the neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue was observed by TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in brain tissue, Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of JNK/ p38 MAPK pathway-related proteins in brain tissue. Results Compared with the blank group, the number of times of scratching the head and climbing the cage of the rats in the model group increased significantly, and the apoptosis rate of neurons increased significantly; the content of 5-HT in serum decreased significantly, and the levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly; the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and CGRP, and the ratios of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) / JNK and phosphorylated p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK) / p38 MAPK in brain tissue obviously increased (all P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, the number of times of scratching the head and the times of climbing the cage of the rats in the SF-L group and the SF-H group reduced significantly, and the neuron apoptosis rate reduced significantly; the content of 5-HT in serum increased significantly, and the levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly; the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and CGRP, and the ratios of p-JNK/ JNK and p-p38 MAPK/ p38 MAPK in brain tissue obviously decreased (all P<0. 05). Compared with SF-H group, the protective effect of SF on migraine rats in SF+SP600125 group enhanced significantly; the protective effect of SF on migraine rats in the SF+AN group reversed significantly. Conclusion SF may inhibit the expression of JNK/ p38 MAPK signaling pathway, effectively inhibit neurogenic inflammatory response in migraine rats, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and achieve a protective effect on migraine rats.
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In August 2021, three students with diarrhea from the same school visited a local hospital in the S district of Beijing. An epidemic investigation showed that there were more students with diarrhea in the same school and they had one meal together. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from both patients with diarrhea and asymptomatic food handlers; however, the latter also carried Campylobacter coli. Phylogenomic analysis showed that there was a campylobacteriosis outbreak among the students, and the asymptomatic food handler may have been the source of the infection. Routine inspection and surveillance for Campylobacter is needed for the food producing staff, particularly those cooking in the cafeteria in schools or other public food services.
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Humans , Campylobacter Infections/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis , Diarrhea , Campylobacter , Disease OutbreaksABSTRACT
Notoginsenosides, the saponins extracted from Panax notoginseng, have many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, nervous system and cardiovascular system protection, microcirculation improvement and calcium overload inhibition. At present, notoginsenosides are widely used clinically for treating many diseases with good efficacy, especially for nervous system diseases such as stroke, stroke sequelae and Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, the mechanism underlying their neuroprotective effect has been continuously explored. To advance the applied research on notoginsenosides in the prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases, this paper, combined with the latest reports, summarizes their neuroprotective effect and mechanisms in terms of regulating voltage-gated ion channels, protecting nerve cells and neurovascular unit, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, promoting angiogenesis and reducing excitatory neurotoxicity. Although the protective mechanism of notoginsenosides for the nervous system mainly involves the above several aspects, some of them still remain to be fully elucidated, which necessitates the further exploration of neuroprotective effect of notoginsenosides with molecular biology, metabolomics, proteomics and other technologies.
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The enzymes CYP1 A2 and CYP3 A4 were measured by building a "Cocktail" probe drug and the incubation system of liver microsomes. The compatibility of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata combined with dried Rehmanniae Radix on CYP450 enzyme protein and gene expression was explored from the level of protein and molecular biology. It explored the molecular mechanism of compatibility detoxication of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata to provide scientific support for clinical safe and effective application of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. The CYP450 enzyme activity was determined by using "Cocktail" probe drugs. The content of CYP450 enzyme was measured by CO reduction of differential spectrum method. The mRNA expression of CYP1 A2 and CYP3 A4 enzyme was detected by RT-PCR technology. Compared with the blank group, the CYP1 A2 and CYP3 A4 enzyme activity and mRNA expression were increased in the dried Rehmanniae Radix combined with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata group with significant differences(P<0.05), while the CYP3 A4 enzyme activity and mRNA expression were no influence in the Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata group. The CYP3 A4 enzyme activity and mRNA expression were increased in the dried Rehmanniae Radix and the dried Rehmanniae Radix combined with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata group, and there were significant differences(P<0.05). The content of CYP450 enzyme was decreased in the Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata group, contributed to extremely significant difference(P<0.01). The content of CYP450 enzyme was increased in the dried Rehmanniae Radix and the dried Rehmanniae Radix combined with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata group, and there were significant differences(P<0.05). The CYP1 A2 and CYP3 A4 enzyme activity and gene expression were enhanced after dried Rehmanniae Radix combined with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. The metabolism of toxic ingredients of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata was accelerated to reach an effect of detoxication. The detoxication mechanism of compatibility of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata was verified from the viewpoint of liver metabolic enzymes.
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Aconitum , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , LiverABSTRACT
Bipedalism (using only two legs for walking) and having the capability to use tools have long been considered characteristic features that differentiate human beings from animals. Being able to walk upright freed up human hands, allowing us to reach, grasp, carry food, make and use tools, which greatly increased the survivability of our ancestors. Hand actions not only involve muscles and joints to execute actions but also require computations in the brain to analyze the visual environment and select the appropriate action, as well as formulate the action before execution and correct it in real-time during execution. Here, we review the behavioral and brain imaging research of human hand actions from a perspective of cognitive neuroscience. The review includes the research contents and methods of visually-guided action, existing theories, current debates, new evidence of existing theories, and the applications of action research in robotics and artificial intelligence.
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Humans , Brain , Diagnostic Imaging , Physiology , Hand , Neuroimaging , Psychomotor PerformanceABSTRACT
Objective: To realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas based on fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics. Method: FTIR spectrum data of 106 batches of Cynomorii Herba from 12 cities in 5 provinces were collected by transmission method and preprocessed. The FTIR fingerprints of Cynomorii Herba were established, and spectrum analysis was performed. The FTIR similarities of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were calculated by correlation coefficient method. The first derivative (1D) spectrum of average FTIR of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were obtained. The soft independent modeling of class analog (SIMCA) model based on principal component analysis (PCA) was established by the preprocessed 1D spectrum data. The orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) model was established by top 6 principal components. Result: The FTIR fingerprint trend and main absorption peaks of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were basically the same,and 16 common characteristic absorption peaks were recognized. Similarity and 1D spectrum of FTIR fingerprint of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas showed significant and unique characteristics. The established SIMCA model can realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from different provinces,while OPLS model can realize accurate classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba in different cities. The classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from 12 city producing areas showed obvious geographical clustering characteristics. Conclusion: The established method based on FTIR and chemometrics can realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from 12 cities.
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Objective:To study the effectiveness of different time series models in the prediction of financial data in public hospitals,with the aim of obtaining a more reliable counterfactual in health policy evaluation. Methods:ARI-MA model,BP neural network and their combination were used for the estimation and prediction of drug revenue and medical service revenue based on a dataset for the period from November,2011 to October,2016 for hospital X before and after Nanjing medical pricing reform. Root mean square error (RMSE) was used to estimate the model accuracy. Results:RMSE of drug revenue from the three models were 692.82,501.44 and 380.80,and of medical service were 184.04,215.63 and 168.65. The findings shows that the combination model was proved to be the most efficient one a-mong the three. The combined model was used to calculate the net loss of drug revenue which was estimated to be 120, 440 million,and the net increase of medical service was estimated to be 185,326 million after the reform,which was 1. 539 times of the drug loss. Conclusions:The revenue data of public hospitals are usually complex with a both linear and non-linear trend. The combination model of ARIMA and BP neural network could solve the problem for once with an acceptable accuracy. However,ARIMA model is simpler to operate as compared to other two models, and also more consistent with the forecasting trend,therefore ARIMA is also recommended in the evaluation for health policies.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of the strategy of transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Runzhou Dis-trict,Zhenjiang City,Jiangsu Province.Methods The comprehensive prevention and control strategy was carried out in Run-zhouDistrict,Zhenjiang City,Jiangsu Province.The strategy was relied mainly on the Oncomelania hupensis snail control,ex-tended chemotherapy of schistosomiasis in residents and the health education.The infection rate of schistosomiasis in residents,area with snails,area with snails controlled,and the rates of awareness and correct behavior of schistosomiasis were as evalua-tion indexes.Results The area with snails controlled was 7 091.50 hm2in Runzhou District,Zhenjiang City from 2001 to 2016.The area with snails reduced year by year from 2001 to 2016.There was a negative correlation between the coverage intensity of snail control and the area with snails(r=-0.874,P=0).There were 1 703 serum positive and 199 fecal positive people of schis-tosomiasis in the permanent residents from 2001 to 2016.These serum and fecal positive people of schistosomiasis were all treat-ed with praziquantel.The serum positive rate of schistosomiasis in the permanent residents dropped to below 1.0%after 2005.The fecal positive patients were not found in 2004 and later.Totally 189 639 people received the questionnaire survey for the knowledge of schistosomiasis control from 2001 to 2016.The rates of awareness and correct behavior of schistosomiasis were raised in the residents year by year.The goal of the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis came to true in Runzhou Dis-trict,Zhenjiang City in 2016.Conclusion The comprehensive prevention and control strategy including mainly the snail con-trol,extended chemotherapy of schistosomiasis and health education could achieve the goal of transmission interruption of schis-tosomiasis in the areas of marshland along the Yangtze River.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of Rh blood type phenotype in unpaid blood donors in Tongchuan area and establish a Rh blood type phenotype database to provide a strong guarantee for clinical safe blood transfusion.Methods The Rh blood group antigens of 3 419 cases of blood donors samples were detected by the method of card column weak gel in the Tongchuan Blood Center from June 2015 to March 2017,and identification of RhD negative specimens were confirmed fordetermining the phenotype of its Rh blood group with indrect antiglobulin test.The cassification statistics were carried out and filed with computer.Rh distribution with other parts of the domestic distribution of blood type was compared using t test.Results The negative rate of RhD in 3 419 unrelated donors was 0.55%.The positive rates of other antigens in Rh were 99.45%,90.41% in C,55.10% in E,45.51% in E and 92.19% in E,respectively.D:0.921,C:0.673 7,c:0.320 7,E:0.275 5 and e:0.730 6.The distribution of Rh phenotype was:CCDee> CcDEe> CcDee> ccDEE> ccDEe> CcDEE> ccDee > RhD negative.Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference between the composition ratio of CCDee and ccDEE in Tongchuan and that in Nanning and Qiannan (x2 =21.552,P=0.016;x2=18.519,P=0.001).There was no significant difference between Shenyang,Xingtai and Tianjin Binhai (x2 =0.227~1.31,all P>0.05).Conclusion The distribution of Rh phenotype in Tongchuan area has the characteristics of northern region[1~4].The RhD negative rate is in line with the distribution characteristics of Chinese Han population.Rh and Rh genotypes differ in southern and northern China,Phenotypic distribution of the investigation for the safety of blood transfusion is of great significance.
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Objective :To explore effect of rehabilitation training based on action research method on exercise capacity and pulmonary function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods :A total of 132 CHD patients trea-ted in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into routine rehabilitation group (received routine rehabilita-tion training) and action research group (received rehabilitation training based on action research method ) ,both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Pulmonary function indexes ,exercise capacity ,intensity of activity and quality of life (QOL) were compared between two groups after nursing .Results :Compared with routine rehabilitation group after nursing ,there were significant rise in all pulmonary function indexes , treadmill exercise slope [ (9.49 ± 3.76)% vs.(12.91 ± 3.49)%] ,6min walking distance [ (464.98 ± 87.43) m vs.(498.16 ± 93.56) m] ,walk speed [ (4.95 ± 1.30) km/h vs .(5.61 ± 1.12) km/h] ,questionnaire scores of exercise capacity [ (3.02 ± 0.65) scores vs . (4.66 ± 1.34) scores] ,questionnaire intensity of activity [ (3.73 ± 1.84) scores vs.(4.79 ± 1.25) scores] and QOL [ (7.75 ± 1.78) scores vs .(10.35 ± 0.61) scores] in action research group ,P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion :Reha-bilitation training based on action research method helps to improve exercise capacity ,pulmonary function and quali-ty of life in patients with coronary heart disease ,which is worth extending .
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Objective To observe the effect of speech therapy in group on children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). Methods From July,2014 to July,2015,60 children with ASD were randomly divided into control group(n=30)and ex-perimental group(n=30).Both groups accepted regular rehabilitation training,while the experimental group ac-cepted speech therapy in group in addition,for six months.They were assessed with Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC)and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist(ATEC)before and after training,. Results The scores of ABC in both groups decreased after training(t>3.079,P<0.01),and decreased more in the experi-mental group(t=3.149,P<0.01).The score of Health/Physical/Behavior and total score of ATEC decreased in the control group(t>3.018,P<0.01),while the scores of all the items of ATEC decreased in the experimental group (t>2.498,P<0.05)after treatment.The scores of all the items of ATEC decreased more in the experimental group than in the control group(t>2.027,P<0.05). Conclusion The addition of speech therapy in group can further improve the behavior in children with ASD.
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Objective To describe and evaluate the strategies,status quo,effect and problems of pharmaceutical pricing reform in 4 batches of urban public hospitals in China.Methods Chinese database and website of Commission of Health and Family Planning were searched.Bibliometrics was done.Results A total of 33 studies were included by screening and reading the abstracts.Among them,4 were masters' theses,and 29 were research articles and reviews.Generally quantitative researches with strong study designs accounted for only a small proportion.Most of the local reforms achieved basic targets,such as cancelling medicine addition,increasing medical service price,improving hospital internal operating efficiency and controlling medical price,however problems still existed including incomplete adjustment for medical services prices and unmet needs of differentiated compensation plans.Conclusion The prices of medical services should make further adjustment.Efforts should still be made in terms of establishing dynamic compensation mechanism for urban public hospitals,coordinating the policy decision-making process for more integrated measurements including reforms on payment models and logistic process.
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Objective To study the FT-IR fingerprint characteristics of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties in Gansu Province; To provide references for identification and application of Hedysari Radix in different producing counties. Methods FT-IR fingerprints of 110 batches of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties in Gansu Province were collected in the wave number range of 4000–400 cm-1. The common pattern of the fingerprints were analyzed, and the similarity analysis were used to analyze the FT-IR fingerprints of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties. The FT-IR fingerprint characteristics of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties in Gansu Province were compared. Results The rank of average similarity of FT-IR fingerprints of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties was Tanchang County > Li County > Xihe County > Wudu District > Zhang County > Min County > Longxi County >Weiyuan County, and Hedysari Radix from Longxi County and Weiyuan County were very different from other producing counties. The FT-IR fingerprints of Hedysari Radix from Longnan City (Tanchang County, Li County, Xihe County and Wudu District) were similar, and the average similarity was relatively high; while that from Dingxi City (Zhang County, Min County, Longxi County and Weiyuan County) were similar, and the average similarity was relatively low. Hedysari Radix from every producing county had a significant and unique FT-IR fingerprint characteristic. Conclusion The identification and application of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties in Gansu Province can be realized according to FT-IR fingerprint characteristics.
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The property of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium is warm and the taste is spicy, which can be used as food as well as medicine. Its alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activity and have good prospects for development in medicine and food. The resources of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in China are abundant, and the intensive research on its active ingredients can promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial economy. This article reviewed the research status of extraction, content determination and physiological activity of alkaloids from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, in order to provide references for efficient use of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium.
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Markov model is one of the decision analysis models,which is widely applied in pharmacoeconomic evaluation.The acquisition of transition probability parameters among different Markov health states were difficult in model building and hard to be acquired directly.It discussed the calculation of current Markov model transition probability parameters,especially for the time-dependent model.Furthermore,it performed a case analysis to explore how to calculate the transition probability and provide references for researchers of related research.
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Objectives:This study aims to analyze the change of income and medical service revenue of hospi-tals in Nanjing after the comprehensive reform of the medical prices of public hospitals,evaluate the effect of compen-sation and explore the differentiated compensation plan, and provide the basis for establishing the compensation mechanism of dynamic adjustment. Methods: A total of 10 municipal-affiliated hospitals were selected to collect fi-nancial income and expenditure data for the 48 months before the reform (2011.11—2015.10) and the 12 months after the reform(2015.11—2016.10) in Nanjing,and used interrupted time series model to estimate the growth rate of drug profit and service revenue,and finally made a comparison between the counterfactual and actual figures. Re-sults:It was found that,after the form,the drug profit decreased by 14.98%,and the service revenue increased by 24.79%. The revenue from medicines accounted for 42.7% and 36.9% before and after the reform respectively, and service for 28.9% and 30.3% respectively. The net financial aid accounted for 20.43% of the total drug-sales loss in average,and the net service revenue rate averaged 87.3% meeting the policy target,but within the 10 hospi-tals these rate ranged diversely from -21.9% to 712.5%,and 28.9% to 712.5%. The regression analysis indica-ted that the service compensation rate was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of service revenue in the total medical revenue before the reform. Conclusions:The Nanjing Pricing Reform basically achieved its desired goals of abolishing the drug-sales addition and the hospital compensation effect of 80% service +20% fiscal structure from service revenue and financial aid in average. However, the compensation differences among the hospitals are quite large with service-dependent hospitals compensated by over 400% and drug-dependent hospital less than 30%. However,for general hospitals,the compensation rated directly depended on the revenue structure before the reform and management performance and varied from 50% to 100%. The study at last gave its advices on improvement to further increase the service prices and establish a yearly-adjusted individualized compensation mechanism.
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Objective To explore the correlation between gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and delayed onset of lactogenesis(DOL),providing references for prevention of DOL among gravidas with GDM.Methods From March to September 2016,gravidas in three tertiary hospitals in Nanjing for antenatal examination were screened for glucose tolerance,and 275 gravidas diagnosed with GDM were assigned into the GDM group,275 gravidas with normal glucose tolerance were assigned into the non-GDM group.Timing of maternal perception of onset of lactogenesis (OL) was recorded and breast milk postpartum 48h to 72h was collected for detecting lactose concentration.Chisquare test was used to compare rate of DOL in two groups,t-test was used to compare difference of lactose concentration between two groups,Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship of lactose concentration in breast milk and timing of OL,and multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze impact of GDM on DOL.Results Rate of DOL in the GDM group was higher than that in the non-GDM group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Lactose concentration in the GDM group was lower than that in the non-GDM group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was a negative linear correlation between lactose concentration and timing of OL 48-72h after delivery.Primipara and GDM were risk factors of DOL.Conclusion Timing of OL among GDM puerperae is later than non-GDM puerperae,and GDM puerperae are at higher risk of DOL.More attention should be paid and measures should be taken for its prevention.
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Objective: To study the quality testing method for the seeds of Silybum marianum, so as to provide the basis for the development of testing procedures and quality grading standard for the seeds of S. marianum. Methods: Refering to "The International Seed Testing Rules" and "China Crop Seed Testing Rules" to carry out the quality testing for the seeds of S. marianum. Results: The seed cleanliness was analyzed by winnowing method; The authenticity was identified by morphological appearance compared with 1000 grain weight by 1000 grain weight determination method; The germination conditions for seed germination were washed with running tap water before 2 h, the double filter paper was used as germination bed, and the seeds were incubated at 20 ℃, 8000 lx light, counting time for 4-14 d; The viability was determined by electrical conductivity method. Conclusion: The method is simple and reliable to the quality testing for the seeds of S. marianum.