ABSTRACT
Phenotypic differences have been described between patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) and SSc-associated pulmonary hypertension, including performance differences in the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Moreover, the correlations between the 6MWT and traditional pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are weak, indicating the need to search for new parameters that explain exercise performance. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the impact of ventilation distribution heterogeneity assessed by the nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW) test and peripheral muscle dysfunction on the exercise capacity in patients with SSc-ILD and limited involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma. In this cross-sectional study, 20 women with SSc-ILD and 20 matched controls underwent PFTs (including spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), and the N2SBW test) and performed the 6MWT and knee isometric dynamometry. The 6-min walking distance (6MWD, % predicted) was strongly correlated with the phase III slope of the single-breath nitrogen washout (phase III slopeN2SBW) (r=−0.753, P<0.0001) and reasonably correlated with the forced vital capacity (FVC) (r=0.466, P=0.008) and DLco (r=0.398, P=0.011). The peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during exercise was not significantly correlated with any of the pulmonary or muscle function parameters. The phase III slopeN2SBW was the only predictive variable for the 6MWD, whereas quadriceps strength and FVC/DLco were predictive variables for SpO2. Ventilation distribution heterogeneity is one factor that contributes to a lower 6MWD in SSc-ILD patients. In addition, muscle dysfunction and abnormal lung diffusion at least partly explain the decreased SpO2 of these patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Scleroderma, Systemic/complications , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Lung/physiology , Raynaud Disease/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Case-Control Studies , Vital Capacity/physiology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/etiology , Pulmonary Ventilation , Walk Test/methods , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Lung/physiopathology , Lung Volume Measurements/methodsABSTRACT
RESUMO O presente trabalho apresenta resultados preliminares de um inventário de emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) elaborado para o campus da PUC-Rio, situado no bairro da Gávea, zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram identificadas emissões de GEE nos escopos 1 (combustão estacionária e móvel, emissões fugitivas), escopo 2 (consumo de energia elétrica) e escopo 3 (transporte, viagens, geração e descarte de resíduos sólidos), seguindo metodologias recomendadas pelo Programa Brasileiro GHG Protocol. Dentre as fontes de emissão, a mais difícil de quantificar foi justamente a principal geradora, relacionada com os deslocamentos entre o campus e as residências dos 20 mil potenciais frequentadores diários da PUC-Rio durante 2011.
ABSTRACT This paper presents the preliminary results of a greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory prepared for the campus of PUC-Rio, located in the district of Gávea, south zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. GHG emissions have been identified in scope 1 (stationary and mobile combustion, fugitive emissions), scope 2 (electricity consumption) and scope 3 (transport, travel, generation and disposal of solid waste), according to the methodologies recommended by the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program. Among the sources of emissions, the main generator was the most difficult to quantify, and it was related to the commuting between the campus and the residences of estimated 20,000 people who frequented PUC-Rio daily in 2011.
ABSTRACT
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has practical and theoretical advantages over adjuvant chemotherapy strategy in breast cancer (BC) management. Moreover, metronomic delivery has a more favorable toxicity profile. The present study examined the feasibility of neoadjuvant metronomic chemotherapy in two cohorts [HER2+ (TraQme) and HER2− (TAME)] of locally advanced BC. Twenty patients were prospectively enrolled (TraQme, n=9; TAME, n=11). Both cohorts received weekly paclitaxel at 100 mg/m2 during 8 weeks followed by weekly doxorubicin at 24 mg/m2 for 9 weeks in combination with oral cyclophosphamide at 100 mg/day (fixed dose). The HER2+ cohort received weekly trastuzumab. The study was interrupted because of safety issues. Thirty-six percent of patients in the TAME cohort and all patients from the TraQme cohort had stage III BC. Of note, 33% from the TraQme cohort and 66% from the TAME cohort displayed hormone receptor positivity in tumor tissue. The pathological complete response rates were 55% and 18% among patients enrolled in the TraQme and TAME cohorts, respectively. Patients in the TraQme cohort had more advanced BC stages at diagnosis, higher-grade pathological classification, and more tumors lacking hormone receptor expression, compared to the TAME cohort. The toxicity profile was also different. Two patients in the TraQme cohort developed pneumonitis, and in the TAME cohort we observed more hematological toxicity and hand-foot syndrome. The neoadjuvant metronomic chemotherapy regimen evaluated in this trial was highly effective in achieving a tumor response, especially in the HER2+ cohort. Pneumonitis was a serious, unexpected adverse event observed in this group. Further larger and randomized trials are warranted to evaluate the association between metronomic chemotherapy and trastuzumab treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Decontamination/methods , Geobacillus stearothermophilus/drug effects , Hydrogen Peroxide/administration & dosage , Infection Control/methodsABSTRACT
O presente estudo analisou a diversidade e equitabilidade de plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANCs) na zona rural de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A pesquisa foi conduzida utilizando a amostragem Bola de Neve com entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas à 20 moradores de nove comunidades rurais. Avaliou-se a frequência relativa de citação das espécies (Fr); a diversidade e equitabilidade das mesmas, utilizando os índices de Shannon-Wiener (H') e de Pielou (J'), respectivamente. As espécies foram listadas pela família, nome científico, nomes populares, ambiente de propagação, hábito de crescimento, formas de consumo, estado de domesticação, ciclo de produção e registro por meio de consultas em herbários do bioma Mata Atlântica. Foram encontradas 59 espécies de PANCs, distribuídas em 30 famílias botânicas e 48 gêneros. As famílias asteraceae e myrtaceae se destacaram pela riqueza florística, contribuindo com 11 e 7 espécies, respectivamente. Espécies da família asteraceae obtiveram as maiores frequências relativas (32,2). Obteve-se índice de diversidade Shannon-Wiener de 1,65 (Base 10), e de equitabilidade de Pielou de 0,93. Os resultados encontrados estão similares à de outros estudos desenvolvidos no bioma Mata Atlântica, observou-se ampla diversidade de PANCs na área de estudo, e o conhecimento sobre estas encontra-se distribuído uniformemente entre os moradores
This study analyzed the diversity and the equity of unconventional food plants (UFPs) in the rural area of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research was performed using the Snowball sampling with semi-structured interviews, applied to 20 residents from nine rural communities. We evaluated the relative frequency of citation of the species (Fr); the diversity and equity of the same species, using the Shannon-Wiener (H') and Pielou (J') indexes, respectively. The species were listed by its family, scientific name, common denominations, propagation environment, growth habit, application methods, domestication state, production cycle and finally registration through consultation in herbaria in the Atlantic Forest biome. We found 59 species of UFPs, distributed in 30 botanical families and 48 genera. The Asteraceae family and the Myrtaceae one stood out for their floristic richness, contributing to 11 and 7 species, respectively. Species from the Asteraceae family got the highest relative frequencies (32.2). It was obtained the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 1.65 (Base 10), and the Pielou equity index of 0.93. The results are similar to other studies developed in the Atlantic Forest biome, where there was a wide diversity of UFPs in the study area, and the knowledge of these plants is evenly distributed among the residents
Subject(s)
Humans , Rural Areas , Ethnobotany/methods , Food Resources , Community ParticipationABSTRACT
The effect of using conventional urea (CU) or slow release urea (SRU) was evaluated by replacing soybean meal (SBM) in concentrated supplements in levels of 2, 4 or 6% (dry matter basis) on productive performance of crossbred Holstein x Zebu lactating dairy cows (499±61kg body weight and 167 days of lactation) grazing on elephant grass (11.5% CP and 60% NDF) under rotational grazing during the rainy season. A supplement control (no urea) was used containing SBM as a protein source. A total of 21 cows were distributed an incomplete randomized block design with three periods of 21 days each (14 days of adaptation and seven days of collection). The animals entered the paddocks with a pasture height of 110-120cm and left when the grass reached the height of 40-50cm. The concentrated isonitrogenous supplements (24% crude protein, dry matter basis) were provided in the amount of 3.2kg/cow/day (fed basis). There was no effect (P>0.05) on source of crude protein (SBM vs source NPN), source NPN, level of NPN, interaction between source NPN and level of NPN on milk production (10.0kg/day), fat milk production corrected to 3.5% (10.7kg/day), levels of fat (4.01%), protein (3.66%), lactose (4.16%), total solids (12.86%) and non-fat solids (8.60%) in milk. The replacement of CU by SRU does not promote improvement in the productive performance of crossbred dairy cows grazing on elephant grass during the rainy season. Urea (CU or SRU) can be included in up to 6% of the DM concentrated supplements, replacing SBM, without affecting the productive performance of crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu) in pasture during the rainy season...
Avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de ureia convencional (UC) ou de ureia de liberação lenta (ULL) em suplementos concentrados, nos níveis de 2, 4 ou 6% (base da matéria seca), em substituição ao farelo de soja, sobre o desempenho produtivo de vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu (499±61kg de peso corporal e 167 dias de lactação) mantidas em pastos de capim-elefante (11,5% de proteína bruta e 60% de FDNcp), sob lotação intermitente, no período das chuvas. Um suplemento controle (sem ureia) foi utilizado contendo farelo de soja como fonte proteica. Foram utilizadas 21 vacas, distribuídas em delineamento em blocos incompletos balanceados, com três períodos de 21 dias cada (14 dias de adaptação e sete dias de coleta). Os animais entraram nos piquetes com altura do pasto de 110-120cm e saíram quando atingiram altura de 40-50cm. Os suplementos concentrados isonitrogenados (24% de proteína bruta, base da matéria seca) foram fornecidos na quantidade de 3,2kg/vaca/dia (base da matéria natural). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de fonte de proteína bruta (farelo de soja vs. fonte de NNP), de interação entre fonte de NNP (UC vs. ULL) e nível de NNP (2, 4 e 6% na MS do suplemento), de fonte de NNP e de nível de NNP e sobre a produção de leite (10,0kg/dia), produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura (10,7kg/dia), teores de gordura (4,01%), proteína (3,66%), lactose (4,16%), extrato seco total (12,86%) e extrato seco desengordurado (8,60%) no leite. A substituição da ureia convencional pela ULL não promove melhoria no desempenho produtivo de vacas leiteiras mestiças em pastagem de capim-elefante, no período das chuvas. A ureia (convencional ou de liberação lenta) pode ser incluída em até 6% na MS de suplementos concentrados, em substituição ao farelo de soja, sem afetar o desempenho produtivo de vacas mestiças (Holandês x Zebu) em pastagem, no período das chuvas...
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Milk/adverse effects , Nitrogen , Pennisetum , Urea/adverse effects , Livestock Industry , Dietary Supplements/analysisABSTRACT
Estudos têm mostrado efeitos tóxicos da enrofloxacina em diversos tecidos. Assim, testou-se a hipótese de que a enrofloxacina pode interferir no desenvolvimento placentário e gerar efeitos adversos ao feto. A enrofloxacina (Baytril(r)) foi administrada em ratas, na dose de 5mg/kg, diariamente, IM, durante toda a gestação. As placentas foram analisadas morfologicamente, morfometricamente e imuno-histoquimicamente aos sete, 14 e 21 dias de prenhez. Os resultados mostraram que a enrofloxacina reduziu o número de sítios de implantação, o peso e a área total do disco placentário aos 14 e 21 dias de desenvolvimento, além dos elementos constituintes da placenta. A análise histoquímica não revelou alterações significativas no teor de fibras colágenas, elásticas e reticulares. O teste de Tunel mostrou atividade apoptótica apenas nas placentas com 14 dias de desenvolvimento de ambos os grupos, sendo mais intensa no grupo tratado. Não foi observado nenhum indício de malformação na cabeça, no tronco e nos membros dos neonatos. No entanto, houve uma redução significativa no número e no peso dos neonatos no grupo tratado, porém sem afetar o seu comprimento. Assim, concluiu-se que a enrofloxacina administrada na dosagem de 5mg/kg durante prenhez em ratas interfere no número de embriões implantados e no desenvolvimento placentário. Isto sugere cautela na administração da enrofloxacina durante a gestação, pois a exposição contínua a esse antibiótico pode ter reflexos na redução do número e do peso da prole...
Some studies have shown the toxic effects of enrofloxacin in various tissues. Thus, the hypothesis that enrofloxacin could interfere with placental development and generate adverse effects to the fetus was tested in this study. Enrofloxacin (Baytril(r)) was administered in the dose of 5mg/kg daily, i.m., throughout gestation in rats. The placentas were analyzed morphologically, morphometrically, and immunohistochemically on the 7, 14, and 20th days of pregnancy. The results showed that enrofloxacin reduced the number of implantation sites, weight, and placental disk total area at 14 and 20 days of development, in addition to the element components of the placenta. The histochemical analysis did not reveal significant changes in the content of collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers. The TUNEL test showed apoptosis only in placenta development at 14 days in both groups and more intense in the treated group. Head, trunk, and limb malformations were not observed in the neonates. A significant reduction in the number and weight of neonates were observed in the treated group, however, without affecting their length. Thus, it was concluded that the administration of enrofloxacin, at the dosage of 5 mg/kg during pregnancy in rats, interferes in the number of implanted embryos and placental development. This suggests caution in the administration of enrofloxacin during pregnancy because continuous exposure to this antibiotic may have adverse effects, reducing the number and weight of the offspring...
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Fetus , Placental Function Tests/veterinary , Animals, Newborn , Pregnancy, AnimalABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho, relacionado a produção orgânica, utilizou preparados homeopáticos visando incremento na biomassa e no teor de flavonóides em plantas dióicas de carqueja. Os tratamentos foram: controle com água, controle com álcool 70%, Phosphorus 12CH, Sulphur 6CH, e a combinação destas homeopatias. Variações fenotípicas foram registradas a partir da análise de crescimento, realizada quinzenalmente durante 60 dias e dos caracteres morfológicos, tais como: como altura, número de ramificações, comprimento do ramo principal, diâmetro do caule e ala caulinar mediana. Na colheita foram medidos: a fitomassa fresca/seca e o volume de raiz. Posteriormente, foi quantificado o teor de flavonóides totais conforme as análises prescritas pela Farmacopéia Brasileira. O experimento foi avaliado em delineamento de blocos casualizados (2x5x2), sendo suas médias avaliadas pelo teste Tukey e o coeficiente de variação ambiental para estimar a plasticidade. Quanto ao estudo do crescimento da planta ao longo do tempo, verificou-se aumento linear simples para a maioria das variáveis nos dois sexos. Foram detectadas respostas plásticas na maioria dos caracteres avaliados. De acordo com os resultados, em ambos os sexos, 60 dias de cultivo são suficientes para obtenção de matéria prima com teor aceitável de flavonóides, bem como para verificação dos efeitos de patogenesia e similitude na aplicação de preparados homeopáticos Phosphorus 12CH, Sulphur 6CH e sua combinação Phosphorus 12CH + Sulphur 6CH. A fitomassa e o teor de flavonóides totais foram semelhantes entre plantas dióicas durante o período de estudo.
This study looked at organic production, in addition to the use of homeopathic preparations, in order to increase biomass and flavonoid content in dioecious plants of Baccharis genistelloides. The adopted treatments were: water control, control with 70% alcohol, Phosphorus 12CH, Sulphur 6CH and a combination of them. Phenotypic changes were recorded for the growth analysis, performed biweekly for 60 days, of the morphological features, such as height, number of branches, length of the main branch, diameter of the stem and median stem wing. At harvest, we measured the fresh/dry phytomass and root volume. Subsequently, we quantified the content of total flavonoids according to the analyses required by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The experiment was evaluated in a randomized block design, and its averages were evaluated by the Tukey's test and environmental variation coefficient to estimate plasticity. As for the study of plant growth over time, there was a simple linear increase for most of the variables in both genders. We could detect phenotypic plasticity traits in most features analyzed. According to these results in both genders, 60 days after inoculation are sufficient to obtain raw material with acceptable level of flavonoids, as well as pathogenesis and similar effects in the application of homeopathic preparations of Phosphorus 12CH, Sulphur 6CH and their combination. Phytomass and content of total flavonoids were similar between the dioecious plants during the study period.
Subject(s)
Baccharis/growth & development , Sustainable Agriculture/analysis , Organic Agriculture/instrumentation , Seasons , Flavonoids/classification , Biomass , Homeopathy/instrumentationABSTRACT
The combined treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and retinoids has been suggested as a potential epigenetic strategy for the control of cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of treatment with butyrate, a dietary HDACi, combined with vitamin A on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the crystal violet staining method. MCF-7 cells were plated at 5 x 10(4) cells/mL and treated with butyrate (1 mM) alone or combined with vitamin A (10 µM) for 24 to 120 h. Cell proliferation inhibition was 34, 10 and 46% following treatment with butyrate, vitamin A and their combination, respectively, suggesting that vitamin A potentiated the inhibitory activities of butyrate. Furthermore, exposure to this short-chain fatty acid increased the level of histone H3K9 acetylation by 9.5-fold (Western blot), but not of H4K16, and increased the expression levels of p21WAF1 by 2.7-fold (Western blot) and of RARβ by 2.0-fold (quantitative real-time PCR). Our data show that RARβ may represent a molecular target for butyrate in breast cancer cells. Due to its effectiveness as a dietary HDACi, butyrate should be considered for use in combinatorial strategies with more active retinoids, especially in breast cancers in which RARβ is epigenetically altered.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Butyrates/pharmacology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , DNA Methylation/drug effects , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Vitamin A/pharmacology , Anticarcinogenic Agents/administration & dosage , Butyrates/administration & dosage , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Vitamin A/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a resposta a dinamizações do isoterápico Justicia no crescimento e na produção de cumarina em Justicia pectoralis. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos, totalizando 24 parcelas experimentais, sendo cada parcela constituída de uma planta por vaso. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das dinamizações 3CH, 6CH, 12CH, 18CH, 24CH e 30CH, do isoterápico Justicia. A aplicação dos tratamentos iniciou após o plantio das mudas, sendo pulverizada a parte aérea, em intervalos semanais. Após quatro meses do plantio as plantas foram colhidas. Foram avaliadas a matéria fresca e seca das folhas e caules a matéria fresca e seca da inflorescência, e a matéria fresca e seca total. Foram pesadas amostras de 200 mg das folhas e caules das plantas secas. As amostras foram devidamente armazenadas até a realização das análises químicas. A quantificação da cumarina (1-2 benzopirona) nas amostras foi feita em Cromatógrafo Líquido de Alta Eficiência. A matéria fresca de folhas e caules, a matéria fresca total e o rendimento de cumarina variaram em função das dinamizações do isoterápico. Os resultados confirmam o efeito de preparações homeopáticas na planta demonstrando que a homeopatia nos vegetais, mesmo na Lei da Igualdade tem efeitos potenciais.
The studied aimed to evaluate the responses to dynamizations of Justicia isoterapic in growth and coumarin production in Justicia pectoralis. The studies were carried out at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The statistical design was completely randomized, with four replicates and six treatments, 24 experimental plots, one plant per pot. The treatment were dynamizations 3CH, 6CH, 12CH, 18CH, 24CH and 30CH Justicia isoterapic. The applications of the treatments begun are planting seedlings, the aerial part being sprayed, at weekly intervals. After four months of planting, the plants were harvested. Were evaluated fresh and dry matter of stem and leaves, fresh and dry matter of inflorecense, and fresh and dry matter total. Were weighed samples on 200 mg of leaves and stems of dried plants. The samples were properly stored at quimical analyses. The quantification of coumarin (1-2 benzopyrone) in the samples was done in High Resolution Liquid Chromatography. The fresh matter of leaves and stems, the fresh matter total and a production of coumarin varied as a function of dynamization of isoterapic. The results confirm the effect of homeopathics preparations in the plants demonstrating that homeopathy in vegetables even in the Equality Law has potential effect.
Subject(s)
Dynamization , Coumarins , Social Justice/physiology , Homeopathy/trendsABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou avaliar a resposta do crescimento e do metabolismo secundário de Justicia pectoralis, expresso em produção de cumarina, a crescentes dinamizações de A. montana. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições e cinco tratamentos, totalizando 30 parcelas experimentais, sendo cada parcela constituída de uma planta por vaso. Os tratamentos foram as dinamizações 3CH, 30CH, 60CH, 100CH e 200CH do preparado homeopático A. montana. Os tratamentos foram aplicados às plantas via pulverização, em intervalos semanais, iniciando logo após o plantio. Após quatro meses do plantio as plantas foram colhidas. As características de crescimento avaliadas foram matérias fresca e seca de folhas e caules, matérias fresca e seca de inflorescências e matérias fresca e seca total. No estudo fitoquímico foi avaliada a produção da cumarina (1-2 benzopirona). Não houve resposta nas variáveis de crescimento aos tratamentos. As dinamizações de A. montana causaram alterações no metabolismo secundário das plantas. Os conteúdos de cumarina das plantas com A. montana 3CH e 30CH foram próximos e mais baixos, aumentando progressivamente a partir de 60CH, chegando ao máximo em 100CH, seguido de redução em 200CH. A preparação homeopática A. montana causa alterações no metabolismo secundário de chambá, sendo as repostas dependentes da dinamização.
Were evaluated the responses to dynamizations of Arnica montana in the growth and in the secondary metabolism of Justicia pectoralis expressed as coumarin production. The studies were carried out at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The statistical design was completely randomized, with six replicates and five treatments, 30 experimental plots, one plant per pot. The treatments were dynamizations 3CH, 30CH, 60CH, 100CH and 200CH homeopathic preparation of A. montana. The application the treatments begun are planting seedlings, the aerial part being sprayed, at weekly intervals. After four months of planting, the plants were harvested. The evaluated growth characteristics were: fresh and dry matter of leaves and stems, fresh and dry matter of inflorecenses, and fresh and dry matter total. In the phytochemistry study, the production of the coumarin 1,2-benzopyrone was evaluated. Were no responses of growth characteristics. The dynamizations of A. montana caused changes in secondary metabolism of plants. The coumarin production with A. montana plants 3CH and 30CH were lower, increasing progressively from 60CH, and coming to increased in 100CH, followed by a large reduction in the 200CH. The homeopathic preparation A. montana cause change in secondary metabolism of chambá, and the responses depend on dynamizations.
Subject(s)
Social Justice/metabolism , Secondary Metabolism/physiology , Arnica/growth & development , Coumarins/adverse effects , HomeopathyABSTRACT
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos extratos aquosos de hortelã e melissa na germinação e vigor de sementes de tanchagem. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, no mês de abril de 2011. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (testemunha, 25 por cento, 50 por cento, 75 por cento e 100 por cento do extrato aquoso de hortelã e melissa) e quatro repetições. Os extratos foram preparados utilizando a parte aérea das plantas, na proporção de 100g de planta para 1 L de água destilada. Foram utilizadas 50 sementes de tanchagem em cada caixa gerbox, previamente umedecido com os extratos aquosos (correspondentes aos tratamentos), estas foram levadas para germinar em câmara de germinação, em temperatura de 20°C, fotoperíodo de 16 horas luz e 8 horas escuro, por 14 dias. Durante esse tempo foram feitas às contagens diárias das sementes germinadas para calcular o índice de velocidade de germinação e ao final dos 14 dias foi calculada a porcentagem de germinação. Sementes de tanchagem não submetidas aos extratos aquosos de melissa e hortelã apresentaram-se mais vigorosas quando comparado com as concentrações, evidenciando o potencial alelopático de melissa e hortelã sobre a sua qualidade fisiológica.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of Melissa officinallis and Mentha x villosa for the germination and vigor of Plantago major seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, in April 2011. The design was a completely randomized design with five treatments (control, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of the aqueous extract of Mentha x villosa and Melissa Officinallis) and four replications. The extracts were prepared utulizando the shoots of plants at the rate of 100g of plant to 1 L of distilled water. We used 50 Plantago major seeds in each box incubator and these were subsequently placed in a germination chamber. 14 days during the counting of germinated seeds per day to calculate the index of germination speed and the end of 14 days was the germination percentage. Plantago major seeds not subjected to aqueous extracts of lemon balm and mint showed higher values in the variables studied when compared to other concentrations, showing the allelopathic potencial of Melissa officinallis and Mentha x villosa on the development of plantain, determined by germinating.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/analysis , Mentha/metabolism , Melissa/metabolism , Plantago/classification , Seeds/growth & development , Germination , AllelopathyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Establecer los factores asociados a la decisión clínica de implementar medidas diagnósticas y terapéuticas de OIC, por parte de los reumatólogos, en pacientes tratados con glucocorticoides, en la ciudad de Barranquilla- Colombia, febrero a mayo de 2004. Pacientes y métodos: Se escogieron 121 pacientes consecutivos en tratamiento con corticoides (P.O o IM) por más de 6 semanas que acudían a consulta de reumatología durante los meses de febrero a mayo de 2004. Los pacientes debían tener al menos dos o más consultas con su médico tratante para ingresar en el estudio. En los pacientes incluidos se implementó un formulario de recolección de datos que incluía variables demográficas y clínicas, así como la presencia o ausencia de factores de riesgo para OIC, además de la conducta empleada para el diagnóstico, prevención y/o tratamiento de los pacientes. Resultados: De 121 pacientes incluidos, 103 (85,1 por ciento) eran de sexo femenino y 18 (14,9 por ciento) eran de sexo masculino. 76 pacientes (62,8 por ciento) eran menores de 50 años, y 45 (37,2 por ciento) eran mayores de 50 años. Se indicaron corticoides en 68 pacientes con artritis reumatoide (56,2 por ciento) y en 31 pacientes con LES (25,6 por ciento). Se informó conducta diagnóstica en 50,41 por ciento de los pacientes, distribuidos así: DEXA periférico (Accudexa) 52,4 por ciento, DEXA central (fémur, cuerpo total, columna y columna y cadera) 16,3 por ciento, Ultrasonido de calcáneo (14,7 por ciento), DEXA antebrazo distal y UD (9,2 por ciento). Se informó conducta terapéutica en 96 pacientes (79,3 por ciento). De la población total, 17 pacientes (14 por ciento) recibieron calcio, 26 (21,5 por ciento) recibieron vitamina D y 53 (43,8 por ciento), calcio más vitamina D; 6 pacientes recibieron Bifosfonatos y 1 recibió Calcitonina. Conclusiones: En nuestra población el 50,41 por ciento de los pacientes recibió algún tipo de conducta diagnóstica y 79,3 por ciento, conducta terapéutica, cifras que se comparan favorablemente con las informadas internacionalmente. Sin embargo, para el diagnóstico y tratamiento se emplearon métodos y prescripciones de menor evidencia científica y menor costo que reflejan la capacidad económica de la mayoría la población atendida
Subject(s)
Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Osteoporosis/therapyABSTRACT
Wheezing associated with respiratory viral infections in infancy is very common and results in high morbidity worldwide. The Th1/Th2 pattern of immune response in these patients remains unclear and previous studies have shown controversial results. The aim of the present study was to compare the type of Th1/Th2 cytokine response between infants with acute bronchiolitis, recurrent wheezing and upper respiratory infections from a developing country. Infants younger than 2 years of age admitted to Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, between May and November 2001, with an acute episode of wheezing associated with viral respiratory infection were selected. Subjects with upper respiratory infections from the emergency department were selected for the control group. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels from nasal aspirates were determined by ELISA from peripheral mononuclear cell cultures. Twenty-nine subjects with acute bronchiolitis, 18 with recurrent wheezing and 15 with upper respiratory infections were enrolled. There were no differences in family history of atopy or parental smoking between groups. Oxygen requirement was similar for the acute bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing groups. The percentage of positive tests for the cytokines studied and the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio was similar for all groups. Comparison of the polarized Th1/Th2 cytokine results for the various groups showed no specific pattern of cytokine production. Infants with wheezing from a developing country do not show any specific predominant pattern of Th1/Th2 cytokine production, suggesting that multiple factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of this illness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis , /biosynthesis , Respiratory Sounds/immunology , Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology , Th1 Cells/immunology , /immunology , Acute Disease , Bronchiolitis, Viral/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Nasal Lavage Fluid/chemistry , Nasal Lavage Fluid/microbiologyABSTRACT
We report an uncommon anatomical variations of the left renal vein was found on dissected specimen in an elderly male cadaver: a retroaortic left renal vein. No other vascular anomalies were noted in this specimen. The anomaly result may be related to a particular pattern of left inferior vena cava. The abnormality have to be known for it may be undetected or be misleading in imaging. This anatomical curiosity should be kept in mind by clinicians and academics that may manipulate this anatomical area.
Relatamos una variación anatómica infrecuente de la vena renal izquierda, denominada vena renal retroaórtica, encontrada en un cadáver masculino disecado. No se observaron otras variaciones vasculares. Lavariación anatómica encontrada se puede relacionar con un patrón particular de la vena cava inferior izquierda. La variación debe ser conocida ya que puede pasar inadvertida o ser confundida en proyecciones de imágenes de la región. Los clínicos y académicos que actúen en la región, deben considerar esta eventual variación anatómica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Renal Veins/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Anatomic VariationABSTRACT
Apolipoprotein E (protein: apo E; gene: APOE) plays an important role in the multifactorial etiology of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lipid level concentrations. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the APOE gene polymorphism in 446 unrelated Caucasians, among them 23 AD patients, and 100 Afro-Brazilians living in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The frequencies of the APOE*2, APOE*3 and APOE*4 alleles were 0.075, 0.810 and 0.115 in Caucasians and 0.075, 0.700 and 0.225 in Afro-Brazilians, respectively (c2 = 8.72, P = 0.013). A highly significant association was observed between the APOE*4 allele and AD in this population-based sample. The APOE*4 frequency in AD patients (39 percent) was about four times higher than in the general Caucasian population (11.5 percent). The influence of each of the three common APOE alleles on lipid traits was evaluated by the use of the average excess statistic. The E*2 allele is associated with lower levels of triglycerides and of total and non-HDL cholesterol in both men and women. Conversely, the E*4 allele is associated with higher levels of these traits in women only. The effect of APOE alleles was of greater magnitude in women.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Alleles , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Lipids/blood , Polymorphism, Genetic , Black People/genetics , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , DNA/analysis , White People/genetics , Genotype , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
This is a report of a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented acutely ill with severe progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) as the first manifestation of AIDS. PML was diagnosed in the brain after gross and microscopical examination as well as by immunohistochemistry with an antibody against JC virus.
Relata-se caso de homem portador da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida que apresentou quadro agudo e grave de Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva (LMP) como primeira manifestação da Síndrome. A LMP foi caracterizada macro e microscopicamente e através de estudo imuno-histoquímico utilizando o anticorpo antivírus JC.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Brain/pathology , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/diagnosis , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/pathology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology , JC Virus/immunologyABSTRACT
El presente es un reporte de tres casos clínicos acerca de la ingestión de la planta conocida como "toé" en una región de la selva de nuestro país. Se revisa la literatura al respecto y los efectos que generan sus componentes luego de su ingestión, finalizando con recomendaciones generales acerca de las plantas utilizadas en medicina tradicional y sus posibles riesgos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atropine , Medicine, Traditional , PlantsABSTRACT
Durante um período de 10 anos, 89 casos taquicardia ventricular (TV) resistentes ao antiarrítmicos foram tratados pelo método da fulguraçäo. A série foi composta por: 37 casos de enfarte do miocárdio, com fraçào de ejeçäo média de 30 por cento, onde o acompanhamento médio dos sobreviventes foi de 61 meses e a eficácia clínica foi de 87, 9 por cento; 23 casos de sisplasia arrtmogência do ventrículo direito, em que a média de idade foi de 40 anos e a fraçäo de ejeçäo média de 57 por cento, acompanhad durante 71 meses em média, com eficácia clínica de 83 por cento; 12 pacientes que apresentavam TV sensíveis ao verapamil (fasciculares), com idade média de 30 anos e fraçäo de ejeçäo média de 65 por cento, sendo o seu acompanhamento idiopática dilatada, idade média de 35 anos de fraçäo de ejeçäo média de 23 por cento que, acompanhados por 38 meses, permitiram constatar uma eficácia clínica de 80 por cento; 4 outros pacientes, com idade média de 21 anos, doenças congênitas operadas e com fraçäo de ejeçä édia de 60 por cento, em que um acompanhamento de 36 meses demonstrou eficácia clínica de 100 por cento. Por fim, 3 pacientes com taquicardia ventriculares idiopáticas infundibulares, idade média de 36 anos e fraçäo de ejeçäo média de 62 por cento, acompanhados durante um período de 72 meses, com um eficácia clínica de 67 por cento. Complicaçöes näo letais foram observadas em 16 por cento dos casos, notadamente o hemopericárdio, observado em 4,5 por cento dos casos, tendo implicado em pericardiocentese Amortalidade operatória no mês posterior à ablaçäo foi de 9,2 por cento, sendo principalmente observada durante a fase de aprendizagem. Em conclusäo, ainda que näo seja isenta de riscos, em mäos experientes a fulguraçäo obteve resultados notáveis na maioria dos casos. Continua a ser indicada nas TV resistentes à radiofrequência, o que foi observado em mais da metade dos casos numa série preliminar de 41 pacientes.
Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Electrocoagulation , Tachycardia/therapy , Homeopathic Therapeutic ApproachesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO. Propoe-se, neste trabalho, analisar os resultados pós-operatórios de 367 cirurgias para correçao de incontinência urinária de esforço, quanto à época de aparecimento e ocorrência de recidivas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO. Os casos foram reunidos em quatro grupos: A = 206 (56,1 por cento) casos - cirurgia de Kelly-Kennedy; B = 37 (10,1 por cento) - cirurgia de Kelly- Kennedy associada à histerectomia vaginal; C = 95 (25,9 por cento) - cirurgia de Burch e, finalmente, D = 29 (7,9 por cento) - cirurgia de Burch associada à histerectomia total abdominal. RESULTADOS. O tempo de seguimento pós-operatório variou de 1 a 194 meses, com média de 31 meses. Observou-se incidência de recidivas de 20,1 por cento no grupo D e de 10,8 por cento no grupo B. Em 68,7 por cento das cirurgias por via vaginal e em 82,3 por cento pela abdominal, as recidivas ocorreram em menos de três anos. CONCLUSAO. Nao houve diferença estatisticamente significante no aparecimento de recidivas pós-operatórias nos três grupos estudados. A maior parte das recidivas ocorreu nos primeiros três anos após a cirurgia.