Preliminary analysis of the promotion effect of laparoscopic standardized surgical treatment for gastric cancer in regional medical centers in Shanghai / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To explore the promotion effect of laparoscopic standardized surgery for gastric cancer observational in some regional medical centers in Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Eleven regional medical centers in Shanghai received the promotion program of laparoscopic standardized surgery for gastric cancer, which was led by Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center) from January to December 2020. Clinicopathological data of gastric cancer patients treated at these 11 regional medical centers before and after the promotion program were collected. Inclusion criteria were as follows: patients undergoing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy; gastric cancer confirmed by pathology; without distant metastasis or peritoneal metastasis. Patients who did not undergo laparoscopic D2 radical resection, or received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery, or without complete clinical data were excluded. Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery from January to December 2019 were included in the pre-promotion group (46 cases). Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery from January to December 2021 were included in the post-promotion group (102 cases). In addition, patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery at Ruijin Hospital from January 2021 to December were included in the control group (138 cases). The baseline data, perioperative measurements postoperative complications, and pathological results of the three groups were analyzed and compared. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among the three groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the pre-promotion group, the operation time in post-promotion group was significantly shorter [(207.3±36.0) minutes vs. (254.2±47.1) minutes, t=7.038,P<0.001], and the number of harvested lymph node was significantly more (24.4±12.2 vs. 18.9±5.5, t=2.900, P=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in the extent of resection, time to fluid intake, and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the operation time [(207.3±36.0) minutes vs (172.6±26.0) minutes, t=8.281, P<0.001], time to fluid intake [(6.3±3.2) days than (5.5±3.0) days, t=2.029, P=0.044], and the postoperative hospital stay [(14.3±5.6) days vs. (10.1±4.8) days, t=6.036, P<0.001] in the post- promotion group were still longer. Total gastrectomy was less common in the post-promotion group compared with the control group [18 cases (17.6%) vs. 41 cases (29.7%), χ2=7.380, P=0.007]. However, there was no significant difference in the number of harvested lymph node between the two groups (P>0.05). The morbidity of postoperative complication in the post-promotion group (9.8%, 10/102) was significantly lower than that in the pre-promotion group (23.9%, 11/46) (χ2=5.183, P=0.023), while above morbidity was not significantly different between the post-promotion group and the control group [9.8% vs. 6.5% (9/138), χ2=0.867, P=0.352]. Conclusion: After the promotion of laparoscopic standardized surgery for gastric cancer in regional medical centers, the standardization degree of surgery has been improved, and the morbidity of postoperative complication decreases. Laparoscopic standardized surgery for gastric cancer can be promoted to more regional medical centers.

Efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone treatment in children born small for gestational age with syndromic and non-syndromic short stature / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyse the efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in children born small for gestational age (SGA) with syndormic and non-syndormic short stature. Methods: The clinical data of 59 children born SGA who were diagnosed as short stature and admitted to the Center of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital from July 2012 to June 2021 were collected and analyzed. According to the 2019 consensus on short stature, they were divided into syndromic group and non-syndromic group. Before treatment and 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, height standard deviation score (Ht-SDS), difference of height standard deviation (∆Ht-SDS) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were compared between groups, while Ht-SDS and HOMA-IR were compared before and after treatment. Independent t test or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparison between the 2 groups, and paired t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for the intra-group comparison. Results: Among the 59 cases, 37 were males and 22 females, aged (5.5±2.3) years. There was no significant difference in Ht-SDS after 12 months of treatment between 2 groups (0.9±0.4 vs. 1.2±0.4, t=1.68, P=0.104) or in height SDS after 24 months of treatment (1.4±0.7 vs. 1.9±0.5, t=1.52, P=0.151). After 12 months of treatment, the insulin resistance index of the non-syndromic group was significantly higher than that of the syndromic group (2.29 (1.43, 2.99) vs. 0.90 (0.55, 1.40), Z=-2.95, P=0.003). There were significant differences in Ht-SDS between 6 months and before treatment, 12 months and 6 months in syndromic type (Z=7.65, 2.83 P<0.001, P=0.020), but all were significant differences in non-syndromic type between 6 months and before treatment, 12 months and 6 months, 18 months and 12 months, 24 months and 18 months (Z=11.95, 7.54, 4.26, 3.83, all P<0.001). Conclusion: The efficacy of rhGH treatment in children born SGA is comparable between syndromic and non-syndromic short stature cases, but non-syndromic children treated with rhGH need more frequent follow-up due to the risk of insulin resistance.

Consistency evaluation of 2 methods in detecting serum insulin-like growth factorⅠ in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the consistency of mass spectrometry (MS) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) in detecting serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS). Methods: This cross-sectional parallel control study prospectively collected the serum samples of 115 children with short stature disorders who were admitted in the Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from February 2020 to December 2021. The serum IGF-1 level was detected by CLIA and MS, and converted to SDS for consistency analysis. Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the 2 methods, and Deming regression equation was established. Bland-Altman diagram and weighted Kappa coefficient were used to evaluate the consistency of the 2 methods. Results: There were 46 boys (40.0%) and 69 girls (60.0%), aged (8±3) years. Among the 115 cases, 37 were Turner syndrome, 59 were small for gestational age (SGA) at term, 1 was growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 18 were other diseases. Pearson correlation analysis showed a preferable correlation between IGF-1 measured by the 2 detection methods (r=0.94, P<0.01), and IGF-1 SDS was also significantly correlated (r=0.92, P<0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the consistency of serum IGF-1 levels detected by the 2 methods was poor, and the mean difference between CLIA and MS was 33.38 μg/L. The result detected by CLIA was significantly higher than that by MS, with SDS of 43.51 μg/L (95%CI -51.89-118.7 μg/L). After converting the results to SDS and removing 3 outliers (including 1 GHD patient), the weighted Kappa showed acceptable consistency (κ=0.68). Conclusion: In clinical application, after converting to IGF-1 SDS, IGF-1 detected by MS and CLIA can be used for cross-reference, but too high or too low levels should be cautious about.

Association between fasting plasma glucose and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese 55 and older population from four provinces / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population from four provinces. Methods: Data were drawn from the baseline data of the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease 2018-2019. We selected 3 272 subjects aged 55 and above with completed information on demographics, lifestyle, disease history, cognitive test, psychological assessment, and bio-chemistries measurement, and who were capable of performing basic activities of daily living but without Alzheimer's disease during recruitment. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between FPG and MCI. Results: Median level of FPG in the study population was 5.5 mmol/L. The prevalence of MCI was 24.8%, and those in groups of the FPG quintile were 19.4%, 22.2%, 29.2%, 26.6%, and 26.1%, respectively, which significantly increased the trend (P=0.002). After adjustment of confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the MCI risk of subjects in the Q3,Q4 and Q5 groups was 1.641 (95%CI: 1.226-2.131), 1.373 (95%CI: 1.036-1.825), 1.402 (95%CI: 1.054-1.871) times as high as that in the Q1 group, respectively. Conclusion: High FPG level might serve as a risk factor for MCI in the middle-aged and elderly population, suggesting the importance of monitoring and controlling plasma glucose even without diabetes.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention of Ferroptosis Based on Yin-yang Theory： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ferroptosis， a new type of iron-dependent programmed cell death， is related to multiple pathways such as glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4， iron metabolism， lipid metabolism， and iron autophagy， and plays an important part in the occurrence and development of many diseases， such as tumor， cerebral ischemia， and Parkinson's disease. Ferroptosis is a double-edged sword as it can eliminate pathological cells （such as tumor cells） but long-term ferroptosis may cause or aggravate other disorders related to abnormal lipid metabolism and iron metabolism. Regulating the balance between cell proliferation and ferroptosis may be an important target for drug intervention in diseases. The Yin-yang theory is one of the foundational principles of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which is used to explain the physiological functions and pathological changes of human body and to guide the diagnosis and prevention of disease and health care. The balance of cell proliferation and programmed death is essentially the balance of Yin and Yang at the cellular level， which is governed and regulated by the law of balance. TCM intervenes in ferroptosis by promoting ferroptosis of tumor cells （damaging the excess） and inhibiting ferroptosis of other diseases （compensating the deficiency）， which is similar to the treatment principle of adjusting Yin and Yang. On this basis， this article aims to use the Yin-yang theory to clarify the relationship between TCM promoting ferroptosis and inhibiting ferroptosis， which is expected to lay a basis for the modern application of Yin-yang theory and provide new targets for TCM treatment.

Identification and Expression Analysis of PP2C Gene Family Members in Cannabis sativa / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe type 2C protein phosphatases （PP2C） are involved in numerous plant signal transduction pathways. They mainly participate in plant stress response and regulate second metabolites biosynthesis via negatively regulating MAPK signaling pathway. Herein，we were to identify and analyze PP2C （CsPP2C） gene family from hemp genome，in hope of providing comprehensive insights for studying CsPP2C function during the development of hemp. MethodMolecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis （MAGA）-X was used to construct phylogenetic tree. Expert Protein Analysis System （ExPASy），WoLF PSORT，Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation （MEME），Batch Conserved Domain Search （Batch-CD-Search），PlantCare，and TBtools were used，respectively，to predict CsPP2C physicochemical properties，subcellular localization，conserved motifs，protein structure，cis-element in promoter and collinearity with Arabidopsis PP2C. Cannabis sativa transcriptome and Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to analyze and verify gene expressions，respectively. ResultFifty-two CsPP2C with conserved domains were identified from the entire genome of hemp，encoding proteins ranging from 244 to 1 089 aa in length and with molecular weights ranging from 26.76 to 122.53 kDa. Those genes were mainly distributed in the nucleus，cytoplasm and chloroplast. The 47 CsPP2C were divided into 10 subfamilies，and the remaining 5 were not clustered. Seven pairs of homologous genes between hemp and Arabidopsis thaliana were identified according to collinear analysis. The light-responsive elements and abscisic acid elements are most abundant in the prediction. The gene expression heat map showed varied expression pattern of CsPP2C in different tissues. Real-time PCR results of three CsPP2C were consistent with transcriptome data. Moreover，alternative splicing analysis showed that some CsPP2C had alternative-splicing genes during evolution. ConclusionWe predicted and analyzed CsPP2C gene family in genomic scale and showed that CsPP2C are involved in many biological processes，whereby provides foundation for CsPP2C functional study.

Identification and Expression Analysis of PP2C Gene Family Members in Cannabis sativa / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe type 2C protein phosphatases （PP2C） are involved in numerous plant signal transduction pathways. They mainly participate in plant stress response and regulate second metabolites biosynthesis via negatively regulating MAPK signaling pathway. Herein，we were to identify and analyze PP2C （CsPP2C） gene family from hemp genome，in hope of providing comprehensive insights for studying CsPP2C function during the development of hemp. MethodMolecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis （MAGA）-X was used to construct phylogenetic tree. Expert Protein Analysis System （ExPASy），WoLF PSORT，Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation （MEME），Batch Conserved Domain Search （Batch-CD-Search），PlantCare，and TBtools were used，respectively，to predict CsPP2C physicochemical properties，subcellular localization，conserved motifs，protein structure，cis-element in promoter and collinearity with Arabidopsis PP2C. Cannabis sativa transcriptome and Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to analyze and verify gene expressions，respectively. ResultFifty-two CsPP2C with conserved domains were identified from the entire genome of hemp，encoding proteins ranging from 244 to 1 089 aa in length and with molecular weights ranging from 26.76 to 122.53 kDa. Those genes were mainly distributed in the nucleus，cytoplasm and chloroplast. The 47 CsPP2C were divided into 10 subfamilies，and the remaining 5 were not clustered. Seven pairs of homologous genes between hemp and Arabidopsis thaliana were identified according to collinear analysis. The light-responsive elements and abscisic acid elements are most abundant in the prediction. The gene expression heat map showed varied expression pattern of CsPP2C in different tissues. Real-time PCR results of three CsPP2C were consistent with transcriptome data. Moreover，alternative splicing analysis showed that some CsPP2C had alternative-splicing genes during evolution. ConclusionWe predicted and analyzed CsPP2C gene family in genomic scale and showed that CsPP2C are involved in many biological processes，whereby provides foundation for CsPP2C functional study.

Waist Circumference of the Elderly over 65 Years Old in China Increased Gradually from 1993 to 2015: A Cohort Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends and characteristics associated with waist circumference (WC) among elderly Chinese people.@*Methods@#We used data from 3,096 adults ≥ 65 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), an ongoing cohort study, between 1993 and 2015. We used longitudinal quantile regression models to explore the temporal trends and characteristics associated with WC.@*Results@#WC increased gradually among the elderly Chinese population during the survey. The WC curves shifted to the right with wider distributions and lower peaks in men and women. All WC percentile curves shifted upward with similar growth rates in the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. The WC means increased from 78 cm to 86 cm during the 22 years of our study. WC significantly increased with age and body mass index and decreased with physical activity (PA). These associations were stronger in the higher percentiles than in the lower percentiles.@*Conclusions@#WC is rising among Chinese adults ≥ 65 years. Factors affecting WC in elderly people may have different effects on different percentiles of the WC distribution, and PA was the most important protective factor in the higher percentiles of the WC distribution. Thus, different interventional strategies are needed.

Surface characteristics of plasma electrolytic oxidized Ti-mesh for dental use / 대한치과재료학회지

In this study, surface characteristics of plasma electrolytic oxidized Ti-mesh for dental use were studied using various experimental instruments. The titanium mesh was used as a substrate for PEO. Using a pulsed DC power supply, PEO treatment was carried out at 280 V for 3 min in the electrolytic solution containing Ca, Mg, and P ions. And the electrolyte used for PEO was prepared by mixing with Ca(CH 3COO)2·H 2O, C 3H 7CaO 6P, and (CH 3COO) 2Mg·4H 2O. The PEO-treated surface was observed by using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and nanoindentation tester.PEO-treated Ti-mesh in solution containing Ca, Mg, and P ions (CaMgP) sample showed the active spark discharge reaction compared to in solution containing Ca and P ions (CaP) sample. In CaP and CaMgP samples, the PEO surface of Ti-mesh showed mainly circular, irregular, and oval shapes of pores. In the case of CaMgP, the defects and precipitates such as MgO were formed on the surface. On the sample surface, the distribution of the desired element was detected homogeneously.The PEO-treated CaP and CaMgP specimens were mainly composed of anatase, Mg, and hydroxyapatite. From the AFM result, the average roughness was 0.247 µm for CaP and 0.226 µm for CaMgP, respectively. The hardness of CaMgP containing Mg ions was increased compared to CaP containing without Mg ions, also, the elastic modulus of CaMgP sample was higher than that of CaP sample.

Biological Function of CysR Domain of ADAMTS13 / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the biological function of Cysteine rich (CysR) domain of a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats-13 (ADAMTS13) on cleavage of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and provide experimental evidence for exploring the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).@*METHODS@#The six amino acids (EDGTLS) in ADAMTS13 CysR domain were point mutated one by one, and the mutant ADAMTS13 proteins were expressed and purified. The cleavage products of vWF polymer by wild-type or mutant ADAMTS13 under denaturing condition or shear stress were separated by 1% SeaKem HGT agarose gel and detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The mutant ADAMTS13 plasmids (M1: Glu515Ala; M2: Asp516Ala; M3: Gly517Ala; M4: Thr518Ala; M5: Leu519Ala; M6: Ser520Ala) were successfully constructed and the proteins of wild-type and mutant ADAMTS13 were purified. Wild-type ADAMTS13 almost completely cleaved the vWF polymer under denaturing condition, while the cleavage activity of M1 mutant was significantly reduced in the same condition (P<0.01). The cleavage activity of M1 mutant of ADAMTS13 was also significantly reduced compared with that of the wild-type under shear stress (P<0.01). The activity of M1 mutant to cleave the FRETS-vWF73 was dramatically reduced compared with that of wild-type ADAMTS13. However, the binding ability of M1 mutant to vWF was similar with that of wild-type ADAMTS13.@*CONCLUSION@#The CysR domain of ADAMTS13 plays an important role in the digestion of vWF under denaturing condition and shear stress. The Glu515 amino acid residue might be an important site for substrate recognition.

Jugulo-omohyoid lymph nodes for the prediction of lymph node metastasis in the posterior jugular vein of papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of jugulo-omohyoid lymph nodes(JOHLN) for the prediction of lateral cervical lymph nodes metastasis behind internal jugular vein in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) and its clinical significance.Methods:The clinical data of 220 patients who underwent lateral neck dissection in our center were retrospectively analyzed, and the early warning effect and clinical significance of JOHLN on lymph node metastasis of the posterior internal jugular vein were analyzed.Results:In this study, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of JOHLN for predicting lymph node metastasis in the posterior group of internal jugular vein were 83.5%, 46.4%, 82.0%, 49.1%, and 74.1%, respectively. The accuracy rate for JOHLN prediction of upper tumor was 84.3%; In this study, side neck skip metastasis was found in 11 cases, all of which were JOHLN metastasis, upper tumors were found in 9 cases and 2 were located in the middle. Among the skip metastases, 6 cases had lymph node metastasis in the posterior group of internal jugular vein, and they were all upper tumors.Conclusions:JOHLN can effectively predict the risk of lateral neck metastasis. Especially for the upper PTC, preoperative evaluation of JOHLN can help decision-making of lateral neck lymph node dissection.

Research Progress on Electrochemical Biosensors for Breast Cancer Detection Based on Nanomaterials / 中国医疗器械杂志

Breast cancer is one of the most serious diseases threatening women's life and health in the world, and the mortality rate is the second in the world. With the progress of nanotechnology and the advantages of nanomaterials in the field of electrochemistry and biosensor, various nanomaterials have been applied in electrochemical biosensors. This makes the electrochemical nano-biosensor in the field of rapid detection of breast cancer has been widely concerned and studied. This paper introduces the important components of electrochemical nano-biosensor for breast cancer detection and the research progress of each component in breast cancer detection, as well as the performance of electrochemical nano biosensor in breast cancer detection and the prospect of its application.

Measuring Defocus Curves of Monofocal, Multifocal and Extended Depth-of-focus Intraocular Lenses Using Optical Bench Test

PURPOSE: To determine the through-focus optical bench test performance of monofocal, bifocal, and extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses (IOLs), and to measure their defocus curves.METHODS: A model eye was placed on an optical bench to test three different IOLs (TECNIS ZXR00, ZMB00, and ZCB00; Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA, USA). The focus was changed by inserting trial lenses from +1.00 diopters to −4.00 diopters, in increments of +0.25 diopters. The 1951 United States Air Force Resolution chart was used to determine the quality of the images. The degree of similarity with reference images was given by the cross-correlation coefficient, and defocus curves were drawn and compared.RESULTS: Bifocal IOLs showed lower image quality with the addition of minus diopter trial lenses, but showed good image quality at near distance. Bifocal IOLs also showed a ‘double peak’ in their defocus curve. Monofocal IOLs showed a lower image quality and cross-correlation coefficient with addition of lower-diopter trial lenses. The extended depth of focus IOLs showed a single peak in their defocus curve, but had a wider range of diopters and better image quality than monofocal IOLs.CONCLUSIONS: Bifocal IOLs showed a double peak defocus curve, and extended depth of focus IOLs showed a wider diopter range and better image quality than monofocal IOLs.

Long-term nutritional management of inherited metabolic disorders with hypoglycemia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The development of newborn screening has led to the diagnosis of an expanding population of patients with inherited metabolic disorders.There are many types of inherited metabolic diseases, some of which are accompanied by episodic or persistent hypoglycemia.Severe episodes of hypoglycemia may aggravate metabolic crisis, as well as brain and vision damage.Nutritional management is the main treatment for inherited metabolic diseases.Correct diet management can reduce or even avoid hypoglycemia attacks while maintaining normal growth and development, inhibit the generation of harmful metabolites, and improve the quality of life of patients.Patients with inherited metabolic disorders complicated by hypoglycemia should adhere to nutrition management throughout their entire life.In this article, the current status of chronic nutritional management of inherited metabolic diseases with hypoglycemia was reviewed and related recommendations were made.

One case of papillary carcinoma of thyroid following successful liver transplantation / 中华内分泌外科杂志

The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer after liver transplantation is relatively low. This article introduces the treatment and prognosis of a case of papillary thyroid cancer after liver transplantation, and discusses the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer after liver transplantation and perioperative management and the prognosis, in order to further enhance the comprehensive management of such patients, extend the survival period and improve the quality of life.

Microbleeds in the Corpus Callosum in Anoxic Brain Injury

Purpose@#This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between callosal microbleeds and anoxic brain injury. @*Materials and Methods@#Twenty-seven patients with anoxic brain injuries were analyzed and retrospectively compared to the control group of patients without a history of anoxic brain injury using Fisher's exact test regarding comorbidities and cerebral microbleeds. The patient group was subdivided according to the presence of callosal microbleeds. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the presence of typical MRI findings of anoxic brain injury, use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and prognosis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the interval between the occurrence of anoxic brain injury to MRI acquisition. @*Results@#The prevalence of cerebral microbleeds in the patient group was 29.6%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group at 3.7% (p = 0.012). All cerebral microbleeds in the patient group were in the corpus callosum. Compared with the callosal microbleed-absent group, the callosal microbleed-present group showed a tendency of good prognosis (6/8 vs. 11/19), fewer typical MRI findings of anoxic brain injury (2/8 vs. 10/19), and more cardiopulmonary resuscitation (6/8 vs. 12/19), although these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.35, p = 0.19, and p = 0.45, respectively). @*Conclusion@#Callosal microbleeds may be an adjunctive MRI marker for anoxic brain injury.

Discussion on teaching design of medical experimental zoology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Medical experimental zoology is a very important course in medical colleges. The course construction of medical experimental zoology is of great significance for students in their understanding of the subject and scientific research as a whole. This article reviews the current situation of experimental zoology courses in medical colleges at home and abroad, describes the teaching design, teaching content and assessment methods in our school (North Sichuan Medical College), and then collects feedback and advices from students after they finish the course. This study aims to provide certain reference and thought for medical science curriculum reform innovation.

Role of lentinan combined with AdIRF3 inhibiting breast cancer growth through enhancing IFN-β secretion / 中草药

Objective To investigate the effect of lentinan (LNT) combined with IRF3 expressing adenovirus vector on the anti-tumor therapy, and its underlying mechanism. Methods Balb/c bearing TUBO mice were treated with PBS, AdGFP, AdIRF3, LNT, and LNT combined with AdIRF3 to observe the tumor growth curve of mice. qPCR was used to detect the IFN-β level of tumor tissues. ELISPOT was to check the IFN-γ secretion of spleen cells. FACS was used to make sure the percentage of tumor infiltrated T cells. Balb/c-nu mice were inoculated with TUBO cells, and tumor growth was monitored. Anti-IFNAR1 antibody was injected to Babl/c bearing mice, and tumor growth was measured. Results Compared with control groups, LNT combined with AdIRF3 can inhibit the tumor growth and increase the IFN-γ secretion of TUBO-bearing mice. There was no significant difference of the percentage of tumor infiltrated Treg among groups, but the tumor infiltrated CD8+T was significantly higher in LNT combined with AdIRF3 treated mice group. There was no significant difference of tumor growth between Balb-nu mice inoculated with TUBO cells treated by LNT/AdIRF3 and PBS/AdGFP group. The tumor growth was not inhibited in Babl/c bearing mice injected with anti-IFNAR1 antibody and treated by LNT/AdIRF3. Conclusion LNT combined with AdIRF3 can inhibit the tumor growth by activating the IRF3-IFN signaling pathway.

Research progress on antitumor activity of lentinan / 中草药

Lentinan (LNT) is isolated from the fruiting body of fungus Lentinus edodes. The main active ingredient is β-1,3-glucan, which has pivotal role in modulating immune response and inhibiting tumor cell growth. It has been widely applied in clinic for adjuvant antitumor therapy in increasing the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, reducing toxic and side effects of antitumor therapy, and improving the body immunity and prognosis. LNT has achieved good curative effect in clinic, and it is widely used and deeply studied at home and abroad. This review aims to discuss the progress on the role of LNT in terms of immune modulation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the antitumor effect of compound of lentinan combined with multi-walled carbon nanotube (WMWCN) and antitumor drug, which could provide scientific reference for its future research related to the mechanism underlying the antitumor activity of lentinan.

Morphological characteristics of leaves and DNA barcoding for identification of Mentha haplocalyx and its related species / 中草药

Objective: The morphological characteristics of plants and the application of ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences in the identification of Mentha haplocalyx and its related species were discussed in order to provide references for the identification of M. haplocalyx and its related species. Methods: The morphological characteristics such as the shape of leaf and leaf edge, villous density and glandular scale density of M. haplocalyx and its related species were observed. Alignment was performed to compare ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences of the tested materials. The data were processed and analyzed by means of comparing the morphological characteristics of plants, analyzing the DNA barcode sequences, calculating the genetic distance, and constructing NJ trees. Results: The NJ trees were constructed according to the morphological characteristics of plants combined with ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences, which showed that M. arvensis was closely related to Satureja Hortensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza was closely related to Perilla frutescens, Mentha piperita was closely related to the Monarda didyma and Agastache rugosa was closely related to Nepeta cataria. This method could distinguish M. haplocalyx from its related species. Conclusion: ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences can be used as DNA barcode of M. haplocalyx and its related species, and the combination with morphological characters of leaves is better for the identification.