Interval training effects on cardiorespiratory capacity of swimmers / Efeito do treinamento intervalado sobre a capacidade cardiorrespiratória de nadadores / Efecto del entrenamiento por intervalos en la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de nadadores

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiopulmonary function is directly related to the body's ability to perform metabolism under aerobic conditions. It is a key characteristic for the training of professional swimmers. It is believed that adding interval training to traditional workouts may contribute to the aerobic endurance of these athletes. Objective: Evaluate the interval training effects on the cardiorespiratory capacity of swimmers. Methods: Twenty volunteer swimmers were randomly divided into two groups for seven weeks. There were 4 hours of class per week, totaling 28 hours of training. In the formal training stage, the experimental group performed intermediate-intensity training, while the control group continued to perform traditional swim team training. The experimental indicators pertinent to the evaluated athletes were collected, tested, and analyzed before and after the experiment. Results: The VO2 of the athletes in the experimental group increased from 3.90±0.67L/min before the experiment to 4.06±0.73L/min after the experiment; VE increased from 156.08±35.76L before the experiment to 180.08±39.42L after the experiment; underwater endurance time increased from 46.80±8.43s before the experiment to 55.49±7.60s after the experiment. Conclusion: Intermittent training improves athletes' physical fitness and sports capacity, being an effective method to improve cardiopulmonary function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A função cardiopulmonar está diretamente relacionada à capacidade do organismo de executar a metabolização sob condições aeróbicas. É uma característica chave para os treinamentos de nadadores profissionais e acredita-se que a adição do treinamento intervalado nos treinos tradicionais possa contribuir à resistência aeróbica desses atletas. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento intervalado sobre a capacidade cardiorrespiratória dos nadadores. Métodos: Vinte nadadores voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos durante 7 semanas. Foram 4 horas de aula por semana, totalizando 28 horas de treino. Na etapa de treinamento formal, o grupo experimental realizou essencialmente o treinamento de intensidade intermediária, enquanto o grupo de controle permaneceu executando o treinamento tradicional da equipe de natação. Os indicadores experimentais pertinentes aos atletas avaliados foram coletados, testados e analisados antes e depois do experimento. Resultados: O VO2 dos atletas do grupo experimental aumentou de 3,90±0,67L/min antes do experimento para 4,06±0,73L/min após o experimento; o VE aumentou de 156,08±35,76L antes do experimento para 180,08±39,42L após o experimento; o tempo de resistência subaquática aumentou de 46,80±8,43s antes do experimento para 55,49±7,60s após o experimento. Conclusão: O treinamento intermitente contribui para melhorar a aptidão física e a capacidade esportiva dos atletas, sendo um método eficaz no aprimoramento da função cardiopulmonar. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La función cardiopulmonar está directamente relacionada con la capacidad del organismo para realizar el metabolismo en condiciones aeróbicas. Es una característica clave para los entrenamientos de los nadadores profesionales y se cree que la adición del entrenamiento interválico en los entrenamientos tradicionales puede contribuir a la resistencia aeróbica de estos atletas. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento por intervalos sobre la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de los nadadores. Métodos: Veinte nadadores voluntarios fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos durante 7 semanas. Se impartieron 4 horas de clase a la semana, totalizando 28 horas de entrenamiento. En la etapa de entrenamiento formal, el grupo experimental realizó esencialmente un entrenamiento de intensidad intermedia, mientras que el grupo control permaneció realizando el entrenamiento tradicional del equipo de natación. Los indicadores experimentales pertinentes a los atletas evaluados fueron recogidos, testados y analizados antes y después del experimento. Resultados: El VO2 de los atletas del grupo experimental aumentó de 3,90±0,67L/min antes del experimento a 4,06±0,73L/min después del experimento; el VE aumentó de 156,08±35,76L antes del experimento a 180,08±39,42L después del experimento; el tiempo de resistencia subacuática aumentó de 46,80±8,43s antes del experimento a 55,49±7,60s después del experimento. Conclusión: El entrenamiento por intervalos contribuye a mejorar la forma física y la capacidad deportiva de los atletas, siendo un método eficaz para mejorar la función cardiopulmonar. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Repair Mechanism of Jianpi Huogu Prescription on Vascular Injury in Alcohol-induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Based on VEGF/VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

MethodIn the experiment， 46% vol Red Star Erguotou （10 mL·kg·d-1） was used to establish the AONFH rat model， and the intervention effect of JPHGP at different doses （2.5， 5.0， 10.0 g·kg-1） was observed. Jiangusheng pill （JGS， 1.53 g·kg-1） was selected as the positive control. After 8 weeks of administration， the bone histomorphometry of the femoral head was analyzed by Micro-CT imaging， and the area of medullary microvessels in the femoral head was detected by ink perfusion. The pathological change was observed by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. The protein expressions of Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （CD31）， VEGF， VEGFR2， PI3K， phosphor-Akt （p-Akt） and phosphatase and Tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 （PTEN） in the femoral head were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. ResultCompared with normal group， the model group presented the fracture and thinning of trabeculae in the femoral head， increased empty bone lacunae， and elevated number and diameter of adipocytes （P<0.01）. Micro-CT imaging revealed a decrease in bone mineral density （BMD）， bone volume fraction （BV/TV）， trabecular thickness （Tb.Th） and trabecular number （Tb.N） （P<0.05， P<0.01） while an increase in bone surface-to-volume ratio （BS/BV） and trabecular separation （Tb.Sp） （P<0.01）. The results of ink perfusion showed that the area of medullary microvessels in the femoral head was reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， JPHGP lowered the empty bone lacunae rate as well as the number and diameter of adipocytes in the femoral head of AONFH rats. Micro-CT imaging indicated that JPHGP low-dose group had elevated BV/TV， Tb.Th and Tb.N （P<0.05， P<0.01） while decreased BS/BV （P<0.01）， and there was an upward trend in BMD while a downward trend in Tb.Sp， but without statistical difference. In addition， JPHGP medium- and high-dose groups had a rise in BMD， BV/TV， Tb.Th and Tb.N （P<0.05， P<0.01）， a decrease in BS/BV and Tb.Sp （P<0.05， P<0.01） and enlarged area of medullary microvessels in the femoral head （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of CD31， VEGF， VEGFR2， PI3K， p-Akt in the model group were lower than those in the normal group （P<0.01）， and after medium and high doses of JPHGP treatment， the expressions of CD31， PI3K and p-Akt in the femoral head of rats were up-regulated （P<0.01） while the protein expression of PTEN was down-regulated （P<0.01）. Moreover， JPHGP up-regulated the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionJPHGP can repair the vascular injury in AONFH， and its mechanism may be related to the activation of VEGF/VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provides certain scientific basis and reference for the clinical application of JPHGP. ObjecctiveTo observe the repair effect of Jianpi Huogu prescription （JPHGP） on vascular injury in experimental alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （AONFH）， and to explore its mechanism based on vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）/VEGFR2/phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway.

Application and prospect of gene therapy for fundus vascular diseases / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Fundus vascular diseases, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)and diabetic retinopathy(DR), are the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. With the accelerated aging and increased incidence of diabetes, the prevalence of these two fundus diseases will continue to rise. Currently, intraocular injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)remains the first-line treatment for fundus vascular diseases, but disadvantages exist, such as frequent intraocular injections, high cost and poor compliance, thus more durable and effective therapeutic strategies need to be explored. The successful application of gene therapy in inherited retinal diseases(IRDs)provides a new idea for the treatment of fundus vascular diseases. With the ongoing of several clinical trials, gene therapy for fundus vascular diseases is expected to be employed in the clinical setting. But there still remain some concerns, including the optimal therapeutic targets selection, administration route and safety issues. This review focuses on the application and prospect of gene augmentation and gene editing-mediated anti-VEGF therapy for the treatment of nAMD and DR.

Meta-analysis of Effect of Tripterygium wilfordii Polyglycoside Tablets Combined with Methotrexate and/or Leflunomide on Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets （TWPT） combined with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs （csDMARDs） including methotrexate （MTX） and/or leflunomide （LEF） on autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis （RA） patients. MethodPubMed， EMBASE， Web of Science， Cochrane Library， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched for randomized controlled trials （RCTs） of TWPT combined with MTX and/or LEF in the treatment of RA patients from database inception to December 1， 2021. Primary outcome indicators included rheumatoid factor （RF） and anti-citrullinated protein antibody （ACPA）， and secondary outcome indicators included immunoglobulin （IgA， IgG， and IgM） and adverse drug events （ADE）. ResultThirty-one RCTs， involving 2 643 adult patients， were included， including 20 RCTs of TWPT combined with MTX， 10 of TWPT combined with LEF， and one of TWPT combined with MTX and TWPT. The follow-up time ranged from two weeks to 13 months. Compared with csDMARDs alone， TWPT combined with other drugs significantly improved serum RF of RA patients ［SMD=-2.45， 95% CI ［-2.97， -1.93］， P<0.000 01］， anti-CCP ［SMD=-1.41， 95% CI （-2.35， -0.48）， P=0.003］， IgM ［SMD=-1.90， 95% CI （-3.03， -0.76）， P=0.001］， and IgA ［SMD=-1.18， 95% CI （-2.23， -0.12）， P=0.03］. There were no significant effects on IgG ［SMD=-1.02， 95% CI （-2.04， 0.01）， P=0.05］ and ADE ［RR=0.87， 95% CI （0.66， 1.15）， P=0.32］. ConclusionThe results of this study show that compared with csDMARDs alone， TWPT combined with csDMARDs can effectively improve the levels of autoantibodies in RA patients without increasing the incidence of ADE. However， due to the limited quality and quantity of the included RCTs， the relevant conclusions are only used as a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of RA， and more high-quality studies are still needed to further confirm their efficacy.

Effect of interleukin-23R overexpression on Th17/Treg balance in experimental autoimmune uveitis mice / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-23 receptor (IL-23R) overexpression on the balance of T helper 17 (Th17 cells)/regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice.Methods:Twelve 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into LV-Ctrl group and LV-IL-23R group, with 6 mice in each group. Two groups of mice were injected with LV-Ctrl and LV-IL-23R lentiviruses through the tail vein, respectively; 7 days after injection, the EAU mouse model was established by active immunization with vitamin A-binding protein 1-20 between photoreceptors. Starting from 13 days after immunization, the fundus of the mice was observed by indirect ophthalmoscopy every 2 days and clinical scores were performed; 30 days after immunization, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of mouse retina. The levels of IL-17 in serum of the two groups of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the proportion of Th17 cells and Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry. The relative mRNA expression of IL-23R, IL-17, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), IL-10 and forkhead transcripyion factor p3 (Foxp3) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Comparisons between groups were performed using repeated measures analysis of variance, independent samples Mann-Whitney U test, and independent samples t test. Results:Compared with the LV-Ctrl group, the retinal inflammatory reaction of the LV-IL-23R group was more severe. At 13 days after immunization, there was no significant difference in fundus inflammation scores between LV-IL-23R group and LV-Ctrl group ( t=-2.001, P=0.058); 15-29 days after immunization. The fundus inflammation scores of LV-IL-23R group were higher than those of LV-Ctrl group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.429,-6.578, -7.768, -10.183, -6.325, -7.304, -4.841, -6.872; P<0.001). Histopathological examination showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the fundus increased, the retinal structure was damaged more seriously, and the histopathological score was significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.339, P=0.001). Compared with the LV-Ctrl group, the relative expression of IL-23R mRNA in the spleen of the LV-IL-23R group was significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.087, P=0.037). The relative expression of IL-17 and RORγt mRNA increased, while the relative expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 mRNA decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-6.313,-5.922, 4.844, 7.572; P=0.003, 0.004, 0.008, 0.002). Compared with the LV-Ctrl group, the level of IL-17 in the serum of the mice in the LV-IL-23R group was significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-5.423, P=0.002); the proportion of Th17 cells in the spleen and lymph nodes was significantly increased, whereas, the proportion of Treg cells was significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.290, 3.700; P=0.002, 0.006). Conclusion:IL-23R overexpression can promote Th17/Treg imbalance in EAU mice, and aggravate the clinical and pathological manifestations of EAU.

Clinical Efficacy of Tongxie Yaofang on Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome （IBS-D） Patients with Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Tongxie Yaofang in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-D） patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency. MethodA total of 168 IBS-D patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency who were treated from August 2017 to June 2021 were divided into observation group and control group by random number table，84 in each group. The observation group was administrated with Tongxie Yaofang decoction-free granules orally，and the control group received oral treatment of pinaverium bromide，both for 4 weeks. The main symptoms of IBS were compared before and after treatment，such as the degree of abdominal pain，stool changes，traditional Chinese medicine pattern curative effect scoring system（TCM-PES），IBS quality of life questionnaire （IBS-QOL），IBS symptom severity scale（IBS-SSS），self-rating anxiety scale （SAS），and self-rating depression scale（SDS）. Nimodipine was used to evaluate the efficacy based on TCM syndrome score of liver depression and Qi stagnation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was conducted to detect the plasma interleukin-10（IL-10）and IL-12 before and after treatment. ResultAfter 4 weeks of treatment， the response rate of abdominal pain in observation group was 92.86% （78/84）， higher than that in control group （82.14%， 69/84）（χ2=6.254，P<0.05）. The response rates of diarrhea in observation group and control group were 91.67% （77/84）and 77.38% （65/84）， respectively（χ2=8.214，P<0.01）. TCM-PES and IBS-QOL scores of observation group after treatment were higher and IBS-SSS score was lower than those of control group （P<0.05）. The efficacy rate of TCM syndromes in observation group was higher than that of control group （P<0.05）. Additionally， after treatment， the observation group had lower SAS and SDS scores （P<0.05）and IL-12 level（P<0.05）and higher plasma IL-10 level than the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionTongxie Yaofang can relieve abdominal pain and diarrhea in IBS-D patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency，reduce negative emotion，and improve the quality of life of patients，which may be related to alleviating the visceral hypersensitivity.

Parkinson's Disease in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Parkinson's disease （PD） is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously endangers the health of the middle-aged and elderly people. The main clinical manifestations include motor symptoms such as bradykinesia， static tremor， and myotonia and non-motor symptoms like constipation， mental disorders， sleep disorders， and autonomic nervous dysfunction. Its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully understood， and the clinical efficacy is not satisfactory. By searching the relevant literature in China and abroad in recent years， this paper summarized the etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment of PD in both traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine as well as the integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment. In general， liver and kidney deficiency is recognized by domestic experts in related fields as the main pathogenesis of PD. The abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein， oxidative stress， mitochondrial dysfunction， ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction， neuroinflammation， autophagy， microbiota-gut-brain axis regulation， and excitatory neurotoxicity are closely related to the pathogenesis of this disease. At present， treatment based on syndrome differentiation， empirical formulae from famous doctors， single Chinese herbs， and acupuncture and moxibustion are mainly adopted for the tackling of PD in TCM. Western medicine is still dominated by drug replacement therapy， supplemented by such surgical treatments as traditional immunotherapy， neurotrophic factors， and deep brain stimulation （DBS）， rehabilitation and exercise therapy， and scientific nursing. Gene therapy has become a new technical means for the treatment of this disease in recent years. In addition， the combined therapy of TCM and Western medicine has received increasing importance. This paper reviewed the pathogenesis and treatment of PD in TCM and Western medicine， so as to provide reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Traditional Chinese medicine treatment for COVID-19: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading disease that has caused an extensive burden to the world. Consequently, a large number of clinical trials have examined the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating and preventing COVID-19, with coinciding proliferation of reviews summarizing these studies.@*OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to evaluate the methodological quality and evidence quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the efficacy of TCM.@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#Seven electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, Wanfang Data and SinoMed, were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in October 2021. Search terms such as "Chinese medicine," "Lianhua Qingwen" and "COVID-19" were used.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of TCM treatment of COVID-19 were included.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews Version 2.0 (AMSTAR 2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality. The quality of evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Data extraction and analysis were performed by two reviewers independently.@*RESULTS@#There were 17 meta-analyses included in our overview. The intervention group was defined as TCM combined with Western medicine, while the control group was Western medicine alone. The methodological quality of all the included studies was moderate to poor. A total of 89 outcome indicators were evaluated, of which, 8 were rated as moderate quality, 39 as low quality, and 41 as very low quality. Only one outcome measure was graded as being of high quality. The moderate quality of evidence indicated that, for the treatment of COVID-19, the clinical efficacy of TCM in combination with Western medicine was better, in terms of lung recovery, rate of conversion to severe/critical cases, symptom scores, duration of symptoms, mortality, and length of hospital stay.@*CONCLUSION@#Evidence from the included studies shows that, compared with conventional Western medical therapy alone, the addition of TCM to COVID-19 treatment may improve clinical outcomes. Overall, the quality of evidence of TCM for COVID-19 was moderate to poor. Meta-analyses of the use of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 can be used for clinical decision making by accounting for the experiences of clinical experts, medical policies, and other factors.

Intraoperative assisted O-arm navigation imaging for unstable pelvic fractures in INFIX / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of internal external fixator assisted O-arm navigation imaging in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.@*METHODS@#From May 2019 to November 2019, 15 patients with unstable pelvic fractures were treated by intraoperative O-arm navigation imaging using INFIX technology. There were 6 males and 9 females. The age ranged from 24 to 66 years old. The course of disease ranged from 2 to 14 days. According to Tile classification, there were 1 case of B1 type, 8 cases of B2 type, 3 cases of C1 type, and 3 cases of C2 type. According to Young-Burgess classification, there were 8 cases of LC, 1 case of APC, 4 cases of VS, 2 cases of CM. Preoperative routine pelvic anteroposterior film, entrance position, exit position and pelvic CT three-dimensional reconstruction were performed. Intraoperative O-arm navigation system three-dimensional reconstruction and triplane scanning imaging were used to evaluate the effect of intraoperative reduction. The anterior pelvic ring was fixed with internal external fixator, and the posterior ring was fixed with sacroiliac screw, plate screw or lumbar iliac screw. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding and nail placement were observed and recorded. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by Matta standard, and the postoperative function was evaluated by Majeed function score.@*RESULTS@#Wound healing was good in all patients without vascular, nerve and local irritation complications. All the 15 patients were followed up for 10 to 16 months. The fracture reduction was evaluated according to the Matta scoring standard, 9 cases were excellent results, 5 cases were good, and 1 case was medium. The Majeed functional score was 0 to 95 points.@*CONCLUSION@#The built-in external fixator assisted O-arm navigation imaging system in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. The reduction effect is evaluated in advance, the operation time is shortened, and the accuracy of internal fixation is improved. The operation is simple, safe and less bleeding. The operation is in line with the principles of minimally invasive medical treatment and precision medical treatment in orthopedics, which is conducive to the recovery of patients' postoperative function and rapid recovery.

Icariin improves renal interstitial fibrosis in a rat model of chronic renal failure by regulating mitochondrial dynamics / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the effect of icariin(ICA) on mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of chronic renal failure(CRF) and to investigate the molecular mechanism of ICA against renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF). CRF was induced in male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats with 5/6(ablation and infarction, A/I) surgery(right kidney ablation and 2/3 infarction of the left kidney). Four weeks after surgery, the model rats were randomized into the following groups: 5/6(A/I) group, 5/6(A/I)+low-dose ICA group, and 5/6(A/I)+high-dose ICA group. Another 12 rats that received sham operation were randomly classified into 2 groups: sham group and sham+ICAH group. Eight weeks after treatment, the expression of collagen-Ⅰ(Col-Ⅰ), collagen-Ⅲ(Col-Ⅲ), mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins(p-Drp1 S616, p-Drp1 S637, Mfn1, Mfn2), and mitochondrial function-related proteins(TFAM, ATP6) in the remnant kidney tissues was detected by Western blot. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) was examined by immunohistochemical(IHC) staining. The NRK-52 E cells, a rat proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line, were cultured in vitro and treated with ICA of different concentration. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. In NRK-52 E cells stimulated with 20 ng·mL~(-1) TGF-β1 for 24 h, the effect of ICA on fibronectin(Fn), connective tissue growth factor(CTGF), p-Drp1 S616, p-Drp1 S637, Mfn1, Mfn2, TFAM, and ATP6 was detected by Western blot, and the ATP content and the mitochondrial morphology were determined. The 20 ng·mL~(-1) TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-52 E cells were treated with or without 5 μmol·L~(-1) ICA+10 μmol·L~(-1) mitochondrial fusion promoter M1(MFP-M1) for 24 h and the expression of fibrosis markers Fn and CTGF was detected by Western blot. Western blot result showed that the levels of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, and p-Drp1 S616 were increased and the levels of p-Drp1 S637, Mfn1, Mfn2, TFAM, and ATP6 were decreased in 5/6(A/I) group compared with those in the sham group. The levels of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, and p-Drp1 S616 were significantly lower and the levels of p-Drp1 S637, Mfn1, Mfn2, TFAM, and ATP6 were significantly higher in ICA groups than that in 5/6(A/I) group. IHC staining demonstrated that for the expression of α-SMA in the renal interstitium was higher in the 5/6(A/I) group than in the sham group and that the expression in the ICA groups was significantly lower than that in the 5/6(A/I) group. Furthermore, the improvement in the fibrosis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial function were particularly prominent in rats receiving the high dose of ICA. The in vitro experiment revealed that ICA dose-dependently inhibited the increase of Fn, CTGF, and p-Drp1 S616, increased p-Drp1 S637, Mfn1, Mfn2, TFAM, and ATP6, elevated ATP content, and improved mitochondrial morphology of NRK-52 E cells stimulated by TGF-β1. ICA combined with MFP-M1 further down-regulated the expression of Fn and CTGF in NRK-52 E cells stimulated by TGF-β1 compared with ICA alone. In conclusion, ICA attenuated RIF of CRF by improving mitochondrial dynamics.

Effect of Jianpi Huogu Formula on function damage of vascular endothelial cells induced by glucocorticoid / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to observe the intervention effect of Jianpi Huogu Formula(JPHGF) on the functional damage of vascular endothelial cells caused by glucocorticoid, and explore its action mechanism from the PI3 K/Akt and mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathways. The extracted thoracic aorta ring of normal SD rats were intervened first with vascularendothelial growth factor(VEGF, 20 μg·L-1) and/or sodium succinate(MPS, 0. 04 g·L-1) in vitro and then with JPHGF(8, 16, and 32 μg·L-1) for five mcontinuous ethylpdays, rednisolofollowed nebythe statistics of the number, length, and area of microvessels budding fromvascular rings. In addition, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) induced by VEGF(20 μg·L-1) were added with MPS(0. 04 g·L-1) and then with JPHGF(8, 16, and 32 μg·L-1) for observing the migration, invasion, and luminal formation abilities of HUVECs in the migration, invasion and luminal formation experiments. The protein expression levels of PI3 K, p-Akt, p-JN K, and p-ERK in HUVECs were assayed by Western blot. The results showed that JPHGF dose-dependently improved the num-ber,length, and area of microvessels in MPS-induced rat thoracic aortic ring, reversed the migration, invasion and lumen formation abiliti es of HUVECs reduced by MPS, and up-regulated the protein expression levels of PI3 K, p-Akt, and p-JNK in HUVECs. All thesehave suggested that JPHGF exerts the protective effect against hormone-induced damage to the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells by activating the PI3 K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, which has provided reference for exploring the mechanism of JPHGF in treating s teroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head(SANFH) and also the experimental evidence for enriching the scientific connotationof spleen-invigorating and blood-activating therapy.

Identification of specific peptides from Bubali Cornu by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 中国中药杂志

This paper explored the specific peptides from Bubali Cornu by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and based on mathematics set theory. Following the profile analysis of peptides from Bubali Cornu, Bovis Grunniens Cornu, Caprae Hircus Cornu, and Suis Cornu by nano LC-LTQ-Obitrap-MS after digestion with trypsin, the relationship of peptide composition among different samples was analyzed using the mathematics set theory. The ones that existed only in the Bubali Cornu set rather than in any other set were considered as the specific peptides of Bubali Cornu. The further bioinformatic analysis revealed four specific peptides from Bubali Cornu, whose specificity was verified by UPLC-QQQ-MS. The results showed that these four peptides could be used for distinguishing Bubali Cornu from Caprae Hircus Cornu and Suis Cornu. This study has provided a rapid and simple method for seeking the specific peptides in animal medicines, which can be utilized for quality evaluation of animal medicines, thus making them authenticable and traceable.

Metabolic engineering study on biosynthesis of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol from L-tyrosine in Escherichia coli / 中国中药杂志

As an important active ingredient in the rare Chinese herb Gastrodiae Rhizoma and also the main precursor for gastrodin biosynthesis, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol has multiple pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-cerebral ischemia. The pharmaceutical products with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as the main component have been increasingly favored. At present, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is mainly obtained by natural extraction and chemical synthesis, both of which, however, exhibit some shortcomings that limit the long-term application of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. The wild and cultivated Gastrodia elata resources are limited. The chemical synthesis requires many steps, long time, and harsh reaction conditions. Besides, the resulting by-products are massive and three reaction wastes are difficult to treat. Therefore, how to artificially prepare 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol with high yield and purity has become an urgent problem facing the medical researchers. Guided by the theory of microbial metabolic engineering, this study employed the genetic engineering technologies to introduce three genes ThiH, pchF and pchC into Escherichia coli for synthesizing 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol with L-tyrosine. And the fermentation conditions of engineering strain for producing 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in shake flask were also discussed. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of 0.5 mmol·L~(-1) IPTG, 15 ℃ induction temperature, and 40 ℃ transformation temperature, M9 Y medium containing 200 mg·L~(-1) L-tyrosine could be transformed into(69±5)mg·L~(-1) 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, which has laid a foundation for producing 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol economically and efficiently by further expanding the fermentation scale in the future.

Effect of high-intensity interval exercise on depression-related behavior in mice / 生理学报

This paper was aimed to clarify the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on depression. Animal running platforms were used to establish HIIT exercise models, depression models were prepared by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and depression-related behaviors were detected by behavioral experiments. The results showed that HIIT exercise improved depression-related behavior in CUMS model mice. Western blot and ELISA results showed that in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala of the CUMS model mice, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein expression was down-regulated, and the content of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was increased, compared with those in the control group, whereas HIIT exercise could effectively reverse these changes in CUMS model mice. These results suggest that HIIT exercise can exert antidepressant effect, which brings new ideas and means for the clinical treatment of depressive diseases.

Survival analysis of unexpected small cell lung cancer following surgery / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the survival and influencing factors of unexpected small cell lung cancer following surgery. Methods: We respectively reviewed the clinical characters of 104 patients who underwent surgical treatment and be proved as small cell lung cancer by pathology between January 2000 to October 2020 in Chinese PLA General Hospital. Overall survival (OS) of patients was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: Of 104 patients, 27 cases showed central lesions, and other 77 showed peripheral nodules. The margin of nodules was smooth in 42 cases on CT imaging. The median OS was 34.3 months and 5-year OS rate was 45.8%. Postoperative 5-year OS rates for patients were 52.1%, 45.4%, and 27.8% for clinical stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, respectively. Univariate analyses identified the age, surgical access, surgical approach, N stage, TNM stage and vascular cancer emboli were associated with OS (P<0.05). The N stage was an independent factor for the OS of patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with unexpected SCLC, including Ⅰ, Ⅱ and part ⅢA stage have favorable outcome and can benefit from surgery and systemic postoperative treatment. Standard lobectomy plus systemic lymph node dissection is commended.

Comparison of hand plating system versus suture anchor fixation in treatment of patellar inferior pole fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy between hand plating system (HPS) and classic suture anchor fixation in the treatment of patellar inferior pole fractures.Methods:The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively of the 56 patients who had been treated for patellar inferior pole fractures at Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command from January 2018 to December 2019. They were assigned into 2 groups according to their internal fixation methods. In group A of 30 cases subjected to HPS fixation, there were 18 males and 12 females with an age of (61.7±11.3) years; in group B of 26 cases subjected to suture anchor fixation, there were 16 males and 10 females with an age of (60.0±10.5) years. The incision length, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, fracture union time, pain visual analog scale (VAS)and knee function one year postoperation, and follow-up complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability( P>0.05). The operation time in group A [(59.4±10.8) min] was significantly shorter than that in group B [(66.5±12.3) min] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incision length or intraoperative bleeding between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The bone union time was respectively(11.2±1.8) weeks and (12.1±2.4) weeks and the postoperative VAS respectively 0.85±0.12 and 0.91±0.14 for groups A and B, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The knee flexion angle (124.5°±14.6°) and knee Bostman score (29.3±3.5) in group A were significantly better than those in group B (113.2°±11.1° and 26.2±2.9) one year postoperation( P<0.05). Follow-up revealed no complication in group A but 2 cases of implant failure in group B. Conclusion:Compared with the classical anchor suture fixation, HPS may obtain stronger fixation, shorter operation time and better knee function.

Management and use of high-risk drugs in western medicine pharmacies / 中国基层医药

High-risk drugs have strong efficacy and can cause remarkable patient harm or drug dependence, leading to serious consequences, when they are used in error. Management and use of high-risk drugs is an important part of clinical drug safety management. Western medicine pharmacy is the core department and an important link of drug management and use. We reviewed the literature on the management and use of clinical high-risk drugs at home and abroad, investigated the current main problems and influential factors, analyzed the main intervention measures on the management and use of high-risk drugs, so as to increase physician's and pharmacy's attention to high-risk drugs, standardize scientific use, and avoid medical accidents due to improper management and use of high-risk drugs. All of these will help us to put forward corresponding management strategies and further standardize the management and use of high-risk drugs.

Exploratory study of tracheal extubation in operating room after single-lung transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of tracheal extubation in operating room for patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after single-lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 57 recipients who underwent single-lung transplantation due to end-stage COPD were retrospectively analyzed. According to the evaluation indexes of tracheal extubation in operating room established by our hospital, 17 recipients eligible for tracheal extubation in operating room were assigned into the operating room extubation group (OR extubation group) and 40 recipients receiving tracheal extubation in intensive care unit (ICU) were allocated in the ICU extubation group. The evaluation results of intraoperative tracheal extubation and postoperative recovery were compared between two groups. Results Compared with the ICU extubation group, recipients in the OR extubation group had higher oxygenation index, lower arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), lower blood lactic acid level, less fluctuation range of blood pressure and fewer cases receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during operation (all P < 0.05). Two recipients in the OR extubation group received repeated tracheal intubation at 6 and 8 h after returning to ICU, and tracheal extubation at postoperative 6 and 9 d. In the OR extubation group, time of postoperative mechanical ventilation, length of postoperative ICU and hospital stay of the recipients were shorter than those in the ICU extubation group (all P < 0.05). The incidence of grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD), atrial tachyarrhythmia, continuous renal replacement therapy and 1-year survival rate did not significantly differ between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions The tracheal extubation regimen in the operating room for COPD patients after single-lung transplantation established by our hospital is safe and feasible, which shortens the time of postoperative mechanical ventilation, the length of postoperative ICU and hospital stay, whereas does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications.

Concept of 3D membrane anatomy in extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy: preliminary application / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical feasibility of extra-peritoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy based on the concept of 3D membrane anatomy.Methods:The clinical data of 10 male patients with bladder cancer who underwent 3D extra-peritoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy + ileal-orthotopic-neobladder surgery from October 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age was 67 years. The ASA score was 1-2 in 8 cases and 3 in 2 cases. There were 4 cases of hypertension, 2 cases of diabetes, 1 case of heart disease, no case of abdominal surgery history. During the operation, the concept of 3D membrane anatomy was used to identify the important fascia in the pelvic cavity and to find the key layers and structures in the pelvic cavity.It was separated from the prevesical fascia to the laterovesical space, and confluenced with Retzius space and Bogros space. It was dissected in the layer surrounded by the prevesical fascia, the vesicohypogastric fascia, and the urogenital fascia to complete the process of cystectomy.Results:The operations of 10 patients were completed successfully and there was no conversion to open operation. The median operation time was 276(237-325) minutes, and the median blood loss was 160(50-280)ml. The postoperative bowel recovery median time was 1.8(1-3)days, and the patients were out of bed about 1.3(1-2) days. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9(5-12) days. The number of median lymph node dissection in all patients was 10(6-20). Positive lymph nodes was found in 3 cases. Positive margin was found in no case. Postoperative tumor pathological stages were T 2 stage in 7 cases, T 3 stage in 3 cases. During the follow-up, all patients had no obvious complications. Conclusions:It is feasible to apply the concept of 3D membrane anatomy to identify and locate the key fascia structures and levels in extra-peritoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy. The operative complications were less and the postoperative recovery was faster. The anatomy is clear during the operation, which has good safety and reduces the difficulty of the operation.

Investigation on the development of interventional radiology discipline in Chinese provincial-level cancer hospital / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of interventional radiology discipline in the provincial-level and national cancer hospitals of China, and to provide supportive data for the future systematic construction of interventional radiology.Methods:A questionnaire was used to survey 32 provincial and national cancer hospitals of China. The survey included data such as discipline settings, medical treatment, medical education, and scientific research. Then descriptive statistical analysis was performed based on the data.Results:All 32 provincial and national cancer hospitals of China had interventional radiology services and were equipped with independent wards; the deployment rates of DSA, ultrasound, CT, and radiofrequency ablation equipments were: 100%(32/32), 81.3%(26/32), 40.6%(13/32), and 75.0%(24/32), respectively. Of all 32 hospitals, 27 (84.4%) had performed more than 1 000 interventional operations per year. The proportion of hospitals that had interventional subspecialties was 21.9% (7/32). As for the interventional radiology doctors in these hospitals, the ratio of doctors with a background of medical imaging specialty was 69.6%(256/368); the proportion of doctors with ages ≤ 45 years old was 72.0%(265/368); and the ratio of doctors with a master degree was 79.9%(294/368). Among the 32 hospitals, 22 (68.8%) had more than 500 000 yuan research funds in intervention radiology discipline, and 71.9%(23/32) had intervention radiology discipline postgraduate tutors.Conclusions:The overall development of interventional radiology discipline in provincial-level and national cancer hospitals is good. The discipline development pattern might set a good example for interventional radiology discipline construction in general hospitals.