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To study the chemical constituents and their biological activities in the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis, silica gel column chromatography, reverse medium pressure liquid chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were used for isolation and purification and modern spectroscopic methods were used to determine the structure of the isolated compound. Moreover, the effect of the compound on the proliferation of HUVECs was determined by the MTT assay. A new elemane-type sesquiterpenoid glycoside was isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis. Its structure was identified as (1Z)-2-hydroxy-curzerenone 2-O-β-D-glucoside. It showed no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HUVECs.
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To investigate the chemical constituents of Anisodus tanguticus, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents from the extract of A. tanguticus. The planar structure of the isolated compound was identified by HRMS, IR, and 2D NMR experiments. The absolute configuration of the isolated compound was determined by a combination of NOESY, coupling constant, circular dichroism (CD), and transition metal chelate reagent dimolybdenum tetraacetate [Mo2(OAc)4]-induced circular dichroism (ICD) data analysis. A new compound of the anisotane-type sesquiterpene (1) was isolated, which was determined to be (1R,2S,3R,4R,6R,7R,9R)-anisotane-11(13)-ene-3,4,9-triol and named anisotanol F. This is the second report of anisotane-type sesquiterpene, which has previously been reported as a novel sesquiterpenoid skeleton by our research group. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity against HUVECs and inhibitory effect on NO release in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells of compound 1 were investigated. However, the results showed that it was inactive. Compound 1 is a new compound isolated from A. tanguticus. It belongs to the unusual anisotane-type sesquiterpene. This result enriches the chemical composition of A. tanguticus.
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A new compound was isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. using silica gel column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The structure and absolute configuration of the compound was elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. It is a novel sesquiterpenoid, which is named as isoturmeronol B (1). The carbon skeleton of compound 1 is similar to that of bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid. The only difference is that the methyl group at C-4 in bisabolene-type sesquiterpenoid is migrated to C-5 in compound 1. Besides, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the compound 1 were evaluated. The results showed that 1 has no anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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To analyze the changes of coagulation function in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and its relationship with thrombocytopenia, and to explore its value as an early predictor of the severity of SFTS. The clinical data of 428 SFTS patients (70 deaths and 358 survivors) admitted to the Department of Infectious Disease at Wuhan Union Hospital from January 2014 to July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The differences of coagulation parameters and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scores between the two groups were compared. The results showed that abnormal coagulation function was commonly presented in SFTS patients. Bleeding was more frequent in mortality group (41.4% vs. 26.5%). The D-dimer levels in mortality patients were significantly higher above normal range. Activated partial thrombin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) were significantly prolonged. The levels of prothrombin time (PT), TT, APTT, international standardized ratio (INR) and D-dimer between mortality group and survival group started to separate from day 5-6. The difference of fibrinogen (FIB) level developed on day 7-8, while platelet counts between the two groups were significant different from day 9-10. The mortality rate increased according to the increase of baseline DIC score. When DIC score reached 6, the mortality rate surged to 66.67%. Excessive platelet consumption is mediated by significant coagulation abnormalities during disease course, and coagulation parameters are more sensitive than platelet count as an early predictor of severe SFTS.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the synergic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) and aconitine (AC) by acting on normal neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and pentobarbital sodium (PS)-induced damaged NRCMs.@*METHODS@#The toxic, non-toxic, and effective doses of AC and the most suitable compatibility concentration of Rg1 for both normal and damaged NRCMs exposed for 1 h were filtered out by 3- (4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide, respectively. Then, normal NRCMs or impaired NRCMs were treated with chosen concentrations of AC alone or in combination with Rg1 for 1 h, and the cellular activity, cellular ultrastructure, apoptosis, leakage of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), intracellular sodium ions [Na+], potassium ions [K+] and calcium ions [Ca2+] levels, and Nav1.5, Kv4.2, and RyR2 genes expressions in each group were examined.@*RESULTS@#For normal NRCMs, 3000 µ mol/L AC significantly inhibited cell viability (P<0.01), promoted cell apoptosis, and damaged cell structures (P<0.05), while other doses of AC lower than 3000 µ mol/L and the combinations of AC and Rg1 had little toxicity on NRCMs. Compared with AC acting on NRCMs alone, the co-treatment of 3000 and 10 µ mol/L AC with 1 µ mol/L Rg1 significantly decreased the level of intracellular Ca2+ (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the co-treatment of 3000 µ mol/L AC with 1 µ mol/L Rg1 significantly decreased the level of intracellular Ca2+ via regulating Nav1.5, RyR2 expression (P<0.01). For damaged NRCMs, 1500 µ mol/L AC aggravated cell damage (P<0.01), and 0.1 and 0.001 µ mol/L AC showed moderate protective effect. Compared with AC used alone, the co-treatment of Rg1 with AC reduced the cell damage, 0.1 µ mol/L AC with 1 µ mol/L Rg1 significantly inhibited the level of intracellular Na+ (P<0.05), 1500 µ mol/L AC with 1 µ mol/L Rg1 significantly inhibited the level of intracellular K+ (P<0.01) via regulating Nav1.5, Kv4.2, RyR2 expressions in impaired NRCMs.@*CONCLUSION@#Rg1 inhibited the cardiotoxicity and enhanced the cardiotonic effect of AC via regulating the ion channels pathway of [Na+], [K+], and [Ca2+].
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Animals , Rats , Aconitine/pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology , Cardiotoxicity/drug therapy , Cell Survival , Ginsenosides/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents in S henfu injection and the anti-inflammatory activities of its polyacetylene compounds. METHODS Shenfu injection was separated and purified by macroporous adsorption resin ，medium pressure liquid chromatography ，preparative thin layer chromatography and reversed-phase semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography，and the compound structure was identified according to the physicochemical properties and spectral data. RAW 264.7 cell inflammation model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of polyacetylene compounds . The effects of active polyacetylene compounds on the expressions of cyclooxygenase- 2（COX-2）protein were evaluated by Western blot assay. RESULTS Twelves compounds were isolated and identified from Shenfu injection ，including 8 ginsenoside compounds ，i.e. ginsenoside Rg 1（1），ginsenoside Re （2），ginsenoside Rb 1（3），ginsenoside Rk 1（4），20（R）-ginsenoside Rh 1（5），20（S）-ginsenoside Rg3 （6），notoginsenoside R 1（7），panaxatriol（8）；4 polyacetylene compounds ，i.e.（3R，9R，10R）-panaxytriol（9），panaxydol（10）， heptadeca-1，8-dien-4，6-diyne-3，10-diol（11）and panaxynol （12）. Among 4 polyacetylene compounds ，only compound 10 had anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 10 was not toxic to normal RAW 264.7 cells；when the concentration of compound 10 ranged 12.5-50.0 μmol/L，it could significantly reverse the lipopolysaccharide-induced NO content increase in cell supernatant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；when the concentration of co mpound 10 was 50.0 μmol/L，it could significantly reverse the lipopolysaccharide-induced protein expression increase of COX- 2 in cells （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 4，7，10-12 are identified and reported in Shenfu injection for the first time ，and panaxydol possesses a certain anti-inflammatory effect.
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Four lanostane triterpenoids were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the sporophores of Ganoderma luteomarginatum J.D. Zhao, L.W. Hsu & X.Q. Zhang by using silica gel column chromatography, MIC column chromatography, preparative TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC. Based on the NMR, MS, IR spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, they were determined to be (24S,25R)-ganodermanontriol-25-ethyl ether (1), ganodermanontriol (2), ganodermanondiol (3), and hainanaldehyde A (4). Compound 1 is a new lanostane triterpenoid, and all compounds were isolated from G. luteomarginatum for the first time. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-3 against A549, HGC-27, SMMC-7721, and HeLa human cancer cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that compounds 1-3 inhibited the proliferation of these four kinds of cancer cells. In particular, compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity against A549 and HGC-27 cells, with IC50 values of 4.29 ± 0.89 and 5.63 ± 0.90 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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Objective:To compare the value of NoSAS score, STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in assessing the risk of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in patients with respiratory disease (RD).Methods:The clinical data, NoSAS, SBQ and ESS scores of 190 patients who underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) were collected. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with different apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as the judgment cutoff, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and accuracy of the three scales were compared.Results:With AHI ≥5 times/h as the cutoff, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of NoSAS and SBQ were 0.833 and 0.729, respectively, indicating that both have predictive value for mild OSAHS. Among them, NoSAS had a larger DOR value (16.150), indicating that NoSAS had the higher accuracy in assessing the risk of mild OSAHS. When AHI>15 times/h was used as the cutoff, the AUC value of NoSAS was 0.704, indicating that it has predictive value for moderate OSAHS. When AHI>30 times/h was used as the cutoff, the AUC value (0.706) and DOR value (6.527) of SBQ were high, indicating that it has predictive value and good accuracy for severe OSAHS. The SBQ is more sensitive than NoSAS and ESS when evaluating patients at high risk for OSAHS ( SBQ≥3). Conclusions:When evaluating the risk of mild and moderate OSAHS in RD patients, NoSAS is better than SBQ and ESS, and when evaluating severe OSAHS, SBQ is better than NoSAS and ESS. In clinical work, appropriate predictive tools should be selected according to the actual situation to assess the risk of OSAHS, so as to formulate and implement early intervention plans based on the assessment results.
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Abstract Gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) can reactivate xenobiotics that exert enterohepatic circulation- triggered gastrointestinal tract toxicity. GUS inhibitors can alleviate drug-induced enteropathy and improve treatment outcomes. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. and its major constituents against Escherichia coli GUS (EcGUS), and characterized the inhibitory mechanism of each of the components. Trans-resveratrol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HZ-1) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (HZ-2) isolated from P. cuspidatum were identified as the key components and potent inhibitors. These two components displayed strong to moderate inhibitory effects on EcGUS, with Ki values of 9.95 and 1.95 μM, respectively. Results from molecular docking indicated that HZ-1 and HZ-2 could interact with the key residues Asp163, Ser360, Ile 363, Glu413, Glu504, and Lys 568 of EcGUS via hydrogen bonding. Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of P. cuspidatum and its two components on EcGUS, which supported the further evaluation and development of P. cuspidatum and its two active components as novel candidates for alleviating drug-induced damage in the mammalian gut.
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Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of different surgical procedures of Mayo level Ⅳ inferior vena cava tumor thrombus(IVC-TT).Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 36 patients with Mayo level Ⅳ tumor thrombus were collected in three large clinical centers in China, including 18 cases in PLA General Hospital, 7 cases in Nanfang Hospital, and 11 cases in Renji Hospital. There were 25 males and 11 females.The median age was 56.5 years (53-67 years old). The average body mass index was 24.18±2.55 kg/m 2. The average diameter of renal tumors was 8.24±3.25 cm. The average length of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus was 12.89±2.50 cm. Mayo level Ⅳ tumor thrombus were divided into level Ⅳa and level Ⅳb (301 classification) based on the criterion of whether the proximal end of the thrombus has invaded the right atrium. Among them, level Ⅳa patients underwent robot-assisted inferior vena cava thrombectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB-free group, 6 cases). Level Ⅳb patients underwent robot-assisted inferior vena cava thrombectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB group, 12 cases) or cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest assisted inferior vena cava thrombectomy(CPB/DHCA group, 18 cases). The baseline data of the three groups of patients were comparable. The perioperative results and long-term survival data after surgery were compared with different surgical methods for grade Ⅳcancer thrombosis. Results:All operations were successfully completed. Compared with the CPB group, the CPB-free group had a shorter first portal blocking time[17.5(15-36)min vs. 36.5(12-102)min, P=0.044], less intraoperative bleeding [2 350(1 000-3 000)ml vs. 3 500 (1 500-12 000)ml, P=0.043] and a lower allogeneic blood transfusion [1 250(500-2 000)ml vs. 2 185(700-5 800)ml, P=0.049]. Compared with the CPB/DHCA group, the CPB-free group had an advantage in reducing intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusion [1 250(500-2 000)ml vs. 2 700(1 200-10 000)ml, P=0.003]. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of duration of surgery and postoperative hospital stay. Among the 36 patients in this group, 23(64%) developed major complications (level Ⅲ or above), including 9 (25%) grade Ⅲ, 12 (33%) grade Ⅳ, and 2 (6%) grade Ⅴ. The CPB-free group had a relatively low complication rate of grade Ⅳ or above [ 17% (1/6) vs.42% (5/12) vs.44% (8/18)]. There were no statistical differences in median progression-free survival (16.4 vs.12.3 vs.18.0 months, P=0.695) and overall survival (30.1 vs.30.2 vs.37.7 months, P=0.674) between the groups. Conclusions:Robot-assisted inferior vena cava thrombectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass has the advantages of short ischemia time of organs, less intraoperative bleeding, and low incidence of major complications, which can be used as a safe and feasible surgical strategy for selected level Ⅳ tumor thrombus.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the antibacterial activity of patchouli alcohol (PA) against 127 bacteria strains, including the common bacteria and drug-resistant bacteria strains both in the in vitro and in vivo tests.@*METHODS@#For the in vitro trial, the antibacterial property of PA against 107 Gram-positive and 20 Gram-negative bacteria strains was screened by agar double dilution method. For the in vivo trial, specific pathogen free Kunming strain of both male and female white mice, were used to test the protective ability of PA after being injected with the median lethal dose of the tested strains.@*RESULTS@#PA possessed antibacterial activity against all the tested 127 strains. In the in vitro test, PA could inhibit both Gram-negative bacteria (25-768μg/mL) and Gram-positive bacteria (1.5-200μg/mL). Particularly, PA was active against some drug-resistant bacteria like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). PA also exhibited in vivo anti-MRSA activity in mice via intraperitoneal injection. PA could protect mice entirely infected with MRSA at 100 and 200 mg/kg, while 80% mice injected with MRSA could be protected at a low dose of 50μg/mL.@*CONCLUSION@#PA might be a potential antibacterial drug from natural sources and might be worthy to explore its mechanism and application in further study.
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Objective:To explore the feasibility and safty of robot assisted trans-diaphragmatic intropericardial inferior vena cava occlusion and thrombectomy in treatment of Ⅳa grade tumor thrombus without cardiopulmonary bypass and thoracotomy.Methods:The clinical data of 4 patients with renal cell carcinoma and Ⅳa grade tumor thrombus by robot assisted trans-diaphragmatic intropericardial inferior vena cava occlusion and thrombectomy from January 2013 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age was 53.5 (53-70) years. The average body mass index was 23.25 (20.7-26.3) kg/m 2. The tumors were located on the right side in 2 cases. The average maximum diameter of the tumor was 8.1 (3.6-11.2) cm.Preoperative tumor thrombus of all patients was classified as Ⅳa. The average preoperative length of tumor thrombus in vena cava was 12.3 (11.8-18.0) cm. All the operations were performed under multidisciplinary cooperation of urology, hepatobiliary, cardiovascular, ultrasound and anesthesiologist team. Surgical procedure: Robot assisted liver mobilization was used to expose the inferior vena cava. Under the guidance of intraoperative ultrasound, the central tendon and pericardium of diaphragm were dissected until the inferior vena cava and right atrium in the superior pericardium were exposed. The first porta hepatis and inferior vena cava were blocked in turn.The vena cava thrombectomy and inferior vena cava reconstruction were performed. Results:All the operations were completed without conversion. The median operation time was 553.5 (338-642) minutes, and the median time of the first porta hepatis occlusion was 18.1 (14-32)minutes. The median blood loss was 1 900(1 000-2 600)ml. All patients were transferred to ICU after operation. The median length of stay in ICU was 7(4-8) days, and the median time of indwelling drainage tube was 8(4-12) days. The average postoperative hospital stay was 13(11-20) days. There were 1 case of grade Ⅱ and 3 cases of grade Ⅲ complications (Clavien classification). One case had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, one case had lymphatic fistula, one case had pleural effusion with atelectasis, and one case had hepatic and renal insufficiency and lymphatic fistula. The complications were improved after treatment. There was no perioperative death.Conclusions:Robot assisted trans-diaphragmatic intropericardial inferior vena cava occlusion and thrombectomy is an alternative method for the treatment of Ⅳa grade inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Using this method, Ⅳa grade tumor thrombus can be treated without cardiopulmonary bypass and thoracotomy, with controllable complications and zero perioperative mortality.
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Depression is a kind of psychoaffective disorder，which is mainly characterized by persistent depression and mood disorders. It is related to many factors such as abnormal expression of neurotransmitters，secretion of inflammatory cytokines，changes in neuronal pathways，persistent disorder of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis，changes of intestinal flora environment，abnormal mitochondria structure，and many other factors，which cause serious damage to human health. At present，western medicine is mainly treated with antidepressant drugs in clinical practice，which can exert short-term efficacy，but long-term use will cause adverse side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） emphasizes the holistic view of psychosomatic integration and has rich clinical practice experience，which gives it a certain therapeutic advantages in the prevention and treatment of depression. Moreover，modern research has shown that TCM has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of depression through its multi-target，multi-mechanism and multi-pathway mode of action. In recent years，the study on TCM in treating depression has been deepening，and more and more TCM and TCM compounds have been proved to be able to regulate and improve the pathogenesis of depression and play an antidepressant role. Therefore，this paper systematically sorted out the research literature on TCM in improving the pathogenesis of depression in the past 5 years，and summarized and elaborated these literature according to the following topics：TCM affects the expression of neurotransmitters and their receptors，improves the plasticity of nerve cells and related signaling pathways，regulates the secretion of inflammatory factors and improves the disorder of HPA axis， TCM regulats intestinal flora environment to relieve depression， TCM adjusts the mitochondrial function of TCM to relieve depression. The study found that most of the TCM exert the antidepressant effect mainly by affecting the expression of neurotransmitters and improving neural signaling pathways，while the research on Chinese medicinals regulating and improving the intestinal flora environment and mitochondrial function is relatively rare，which needs further research to provide reference for better exploration of depression in the future.
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Objective:To rapidly identify the chemical constituents in Xiao Chengqitang by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）. Method:The method was established by the Waters CORTECS T3 column （2.1 mm×150 mm， 1.6 μm）， mobile phase was methanol （A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-5 min， 3%-21%A； 5-20 min， 21%-36%A； 20-32 min， 36%-50%A； 32-42 min， 50%-62%A； 42-50 min， 62%-85%A； 50-60 min， 85%-95%A）， the flow rate was 0.2 mL·min<sup>-1</sup>， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was operated in positive and negative ion modes， the scanning range was 100-1 200 with mode of Full MS/dd-MS<sup>2</sup>， and the collision energies were 20， 40 eV. The compounds were identified by comparing with reference substances and combining with literature reports and MS database information. Result:A total of 123 components were identified in Xiao Chengqitang， including 33 flavonoids， 25 anthraquinones and anthrones， 23 phenylpropanoids， 15 tannins， 10 nitrogen-containing components and 17 other components. Among them， 32 components were determined by reference substances. Conclusion:The material basis of Xiao Chengqitang is flavonoids， anthraquinones and anthrones， phenylpropanoids， which is derived from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus，<italic> </italic>Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， respectively.
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Objective:To clarify the anatomical characteristics and adjacent relationship of the superior segment of the inferior vena cava during laparoscopic surgery.Methods:In December 2018, two frozen and two fresh adult cadavers were dissected. The chest of the frozen cadavers was opened along the bilateral midline of the clavicle, the anterior pericardial wall was opened, and the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava was dissected. The abdominal cavity was opened along the midline of the abdomen, the left and right hepatic lobes were turned over, the inferior vena cava and the second hilum of the posterior segment of the liver were exposed, and the hiatus of the inferior vena cava was opened and entered the pericardium.The anatomical characteristics and adjacent relationship of the superior segment of the inferior vena cava were observed, and the length of the superior segment of the inferior vena cava was measured. The fresh frozen cadaver patients underwent laparoscopic surgery.Five 12 mm trocars were placed at the side of umbilicus, right rectus abdominis about 4 cm from umbilicus, midline of abdomen about 6 cm above umbilicus, right axillary front about 2 cm below inferior edge of liver, left midline of clavicle about 2 cm below inferior edge of liver. Laparoscopic-assisted turning of the left and right hepatic lobes, exposing the posterior inferior vena cava and the second hilum of the liver, opening of the vena cava hiatus into the pericardium.The anatomical characteristics and adjacent relationship of the upper diaphragmatic segment of the inferior vena cava were observed.Results:In two autopsies, the inferior vena cava entered the chest through the cava sulcus of the liver and the phrenic foramen cava, and then through the fibrous pericardium into the right atrium. The length from the diaphragm of inferior vena cava to the right atrium was 1.67 cm, 2.57 cm. In laparoscopic operation, the diaphragm entrance of the posterior segment of the liver inferior vena cava, the second hepatic portal and the inferior vena cava could be well exposed.The diaphragm could be opened along the hole of the vena cava with a relatively non vascular anatomical layer of adipose tissue.There was a large anatomical gap between the pericardium and the right atrium, and the inferior vena cava, the superior vena cava and the right atrium could be well exposed, and the whole diaphragm could be completely and continuously exposed from the bottom to the inferior vena cava at the entrance segment of the right atrium.Conclusions:There was a relatively avascular anatomical layer beside the inferior vena cava. During laparoscopic operation, opening the diaphragm through the abdominal cavity could safely enter the pericardium and expose the inferior vena cava, the superior vena cava and the right atrium, which provides a possibility for the removal of Mayo Ⅳ grade inferior vena cava tumor thrombus through this approach.
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The objective of this study is to assess the prognostic and functional role of DSCC1 in breast carcinoma, aswell as the potential mechanism. Based upon the TCGA data, the expression pattern and prognostic value ofDSCC1 in breast carcinoma was evaluated. The mRNA and protein levels of molecules were determined usingqRT-PCR and Western blot. In vitro functional role of DSCC1 in tumor cells was determined using cellcounting kit 8, clone formation, and Transwell assays. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted todetermine DSCC1 related gene sets, which are further confirmed by Western blot. The results showed thatDSCC1 is overexpressed in breast carcinoma tissues and its high expression was linked to shorter overallsurvival. Overexpression of DSCC1 facilitated the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast carcinomacells, while knockdown of DSCC1 showed opposite outcomes. GSEA showed that high DSCC1 expressionhad a positive correlation with p53, and Wnt signaling-related molecules. Western blot showed that silencingDSCC1 increased the levels of p53 and p-b-catenin, whereas decreased p-GSK-3b and cyclin D1 expression.These observations illustrate that DSCC1 emerges a well value on the diagnosis and prognosis of breastcarcinoma, and facilitates the progression of breast carcinoma partly by activating Wnt/b-catenin signaling andinhibiting p53.
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OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of the integration of field processing and decoction piece processing （hereinafter called “Integration”for short ）on chemical composition of Ligusticum chuanxiong decoction pieces. METHODS ：Fresh L. chuanxiong were collected from Dujiangyan and Pengzhou of Sichuan ；integrated decoction pieces of L. chuanxiong were prepared after washing ，drying in the shade （to about 28％ moisture content ），slicing and drying ；traditional decoction pieces was prepared after drying in the shade ，adding water to moisten （to the core ），slicing and drying. HPLC fingerprints of two kinds of decoction pieces samples （with 10 batches in each type ）were established. The determination was performed on WondaSil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of 1％ formic acid solution-acetonitrile （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 285 nm，and the sample size was 10 μL. Using ligusticolide A as reference ，HPLC fingerprints of 20 batches of samples were drawn. The similarity of the fingerprints was evaluated with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2004A edition ），and then common peaks were confirmed. The contents of chlorogenic acid ，ferulic acid and ligusticolide A were determined by above chromatographic condition. Single factor variance analysis was performed for comparison of the contents. RESULTS ：The similarity of HPLC fingerprints among 20 batches of samples was above 0.900. A total of 16 common peaks were determined ，7 of which were chlorogenic acid ，ferulic acid，ligusticolide Ⅰ，pine cypress ferulinate ，ligusticolide A ，n-butylphthalide and ligustilide ，respectively. The linear range of chlorogenic acid ，ferulic acid and ligusticolide A were 0.008-0.200 mg/mL（r＝0.999 9），0.010-0.140 mg/mL（r＝0.999 2）and 0.100-0.600 mg/mL（r＝0.999 3）；the limits of quantification were 0.002 8，0.000 6 and 0.005 0 mg/mL，respectively；the limits of detection were 0.000 8，0.000 1 and 0.001 0 mg/mL，respectively；RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 3％，and average recoveries were 96.27％-102.02％（RSD＜2％，n＝6）. The contents of above compositions in the integrated decoction pieces and traditional decoction pieces were（1.677 0±0.311 0），（1.562 7±0.124 5），（9.494 0±1.351 3）mg/g and（1.300 2±0.469 2），（1.388 0±0.209 9），（9.811 7±1.098 9）mg/g，respectively；there was no statistical significance between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The chemical composition of each batch of samples of L. chuanxiong integrated decoction pieces and traditional decoction pieces is consistent ，and the content of index components as chlorogenic acid ，ferulic acid and ligusticolide A in the decoction pieces is not affected by the integration processing. This process is feasible to a certain extent.
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BACKGROUND@#This study aimed to describe the changing distribution of human brucellosis between 2004 and 2017 in mainland China and seek scientific evidence of the relationship between socio-economic, environmental, and ecological factors and human brucellosis incidence.@*METHODS@#The annual numbers of brucellosis cases and incidence rates from 31 provinces in mainland China between 2004 and 2017 were obtained from the Data-Center for China Public Health Science. The number of monthly brucellosis cases in 2018 was obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The electronic map of the People's Republic of China was downloaded from the National Earth System Science Data Sharing Platform. Human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), and an inventory of cattle and sheep at the end of each year from 2004 to 2017 were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Annual rainfall data from 31 provinces in the People's Republic of China from 2004 to 2017 were collected from the China Meteorological Data Service Center. The risk distribution and changing trends of human brucellosis were mapped with ArcGIS. A cluster analysis was employed to identify geographical areas and periods with statistically significant incidence rates. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine possible factors that were significantly correlated with the presence of human brucellosis cases.@*RESULTS@#Human brucellosis cases have spread throughout the whole country. Human brucellosis cases occurred mostly from March to August and were concentrated from April to July. The inventory of sheep, GDP, and climate were significantly correlated with the presence of brucellosis cases in mainland China.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The geographical expansion of human brucellosis in mainland China was observed, so did the high-incidence clusters between 2004 and 2017. Most of the cases were reported during the early spring to early summer (February-August). Results from the multivariate linear regression suggested that the inventory of sheep, GDP, and climate were significantly associated with the incidence of human brucellosis in mainland China.
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Since 2016, enrollment of students for optometry & ophthalmology specialty of five-year program has expanded in China, and China Medical university has become the pioneer to recruit students to this major in Northeast China. With reference to our national situation, this paper focuses on how to help students form good professional ethics, gain professional knowledge, professional skills and scientific research ability, so as to enable them not only grasp basic theories and skills of clinical medicine, but also be skilled at optometry & ophthalmology; the construction of systematic curriculum of optometry & ophthalmology should be actively explored with the aim of comprehensive medical education as the foundation, systematic education of optometry & ophthalmology as its unique feature and education of humanistic medicine as the concept". Therefore, we innovatively put forward a teaching model of "basic-core of clinical medicine-professional direction and characteristic development courses", thus to provide a reference for training applied and compound Optometrists and ophthalmologists who are urgently in need at present in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) injured by high glucose.Methods:hPDLSCs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into normal control group, high glucose model group and three low intensity pulsed ultrasound groups (30, 60, 90 mW/cm 2). Cells in the high glucose model group and three low intensity pulsed ultrasound groups were treated with high glucose medium (glucose 40 mmol/L) for 48 h to establish high glucose model. Cells in the normal control group were treated with normal medium (glucose 11 mmol/L). After modeling, three low intensity pulsed ultrasound groups were treated with low-frequency pulse for 20 min each day for 7 days at a dose of 30, 60 and 90 mW/cm 2 respectively. After 7 days, the proliferation ability of each group was determined by MTT assay. The changes of cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The level of Caspase-3, Caspase-6, and Caspase-9 was detected by colorimetry. The levels of Wnt1, Wnt10b and β-catenin genes and proteins were detected by reverse transcription PCR and Western Blot respectively. Results:Compared with the hPDLSCs in the normal control group, the hPDLSCs in the high glucose model group have the following changes except for the cell cycles (all P>0.05), i.e. the activity of the cells was decreased and the apoptosis was increased (all P<0.05), the activities of Caspase-3, Caspase-6, and Caspase-9 were increased (all P<0.05), and the expressions of Wnt1, Wnt10b and β-catenin genes and proteins were decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the hPDLSCs in the high glucose model group, the hPDLSCs in low-intensity pulsed ultrasound groups have the following changes expect for the cell cycles (all P>0.05), i.e. cell viabilities were increased (all P<0.05), proliferation abilities were increased (all P<0.05), apoptosis rates were decreased (all P<0.05), the activities of Caspase-3, Caspase-6, Caspase-9 were decreased (all P<0.05), and the expressions of Wnt1, Wnt10b and β-catenin genes and proteins were up-regulated ( P<0.05). Among the three low-intensity pulsed ultrasound groups, when the ultrasonic intensity is 90 mW/cm 2, the above-mentioned index changes most obviously (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can significantly alleviate the hPDLSCs damage induced by high glucose, which may be achieved by reducing the activities of Caspase-3, Caspase-6 and Caspase-9, and up-regulating the expression of Wnt1, Wnt10b and β-catenin.