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Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture on the morphology of the dry eye rabbit's cornea and the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway of the corneal tissue to analyze the mechanism of acupuncture on dry eyes.Methods Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits,without restriction on sex,were randomly divided into four groups,including a blank group,a model group,an acupuncture group,and a sham acupuncture group,with 6 in each group.Rabbits in the blank group were not treated;rabbits in the other three groups were treated with scopolamine hydro-bromide 2.0 mg·kg-1 by subcutaneous injection at 8:00,11:00,14:00 and 18:00 each day for 35 consecutive days un-til the end of the experiment.Rabbits in the sham acupuncture group were treated with sham acupuncture on the 22nd day after successful modeling by quickly pricking acupoints(Jingming BL1,Cuanzhu BL2,Sizhukong SJ23,Taiyang EX-HN5 and Tongziliao GB1)with a blunt acupuncture needle,once a day,for a total of 14 days.Rabbits in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at the same acupoints as the sham acupuncture group after successful modeling.The corneal fluorescence staining was conducted on Days 0,21,28 and 35 after modeling.On Day 35,corneal confocal microscope ex-aminations were conducted.Then,the rabbits were sacrificed,the corneal morphological changes were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope,and the expression of corneal NF-κB protein was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,the score of rabbit corneal fluorescein staining in the acupuncture group and blank group decreased on the 28th and 35th days after modeling,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The results of the confocal microscope examination on Day 35 after modeling showed that,compared with other groups,there were a large number of globular immune cells and activated stromal cells with unclear boundaries and irregu-lar sizes in the stromal layer and inflammation in the area with irregular intercellular space in the model group and the sham acupuncture group.In the acupuncture group,the morphology of stromal layer cells improved,the cells were slightly acti-vated,and there were no obvious abnormalities in the corneal nerve morphology.On the 35th day after modeling,the re-sults of the light microscope showed that,the surface of the corneal tissue in the model group and the sham acupuncture group showed hyperkeratinized flat epithelial cells,lymphocyte infiltration,increased number of focal epithelial cell layers,and epithelial cell detachment.In the acupuncture group,there were 4-6 layers of epithelial cells in the corneal epitheli-um,and epithelial shedding decreased.In addition,the lymphocyte infiltration decreased compared with the model group.On the 35th day after modeling,the results of the transmission electron microscope showed that abnormal microvilli oc-curred and epithelial cells were absent in the corneal epithelial cells of rabbits in the model group and the sham acupuncture group,the cell space was widened,the rough endoplasmic reticulum was severely expanded,and desmosomes were dis-banded with mitochondrial swelling.In the acupuncture group,the microvilli structure of epithelial cells was sparse and short,local deletion was still observed,the rough endoplasmic reticulum was slightly expanded,and no obvious swelling of mitochondria was observed.On the 35th day after modeling,the Western blot examination results showed that,compared with the blank group,the expression of p-NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in both the model group and sham acupuncture group(both P＜0.05);compared with the model group and sham acupuncture group,the expression of p-NF-κB p65 in the acupuncture group was down-regulated(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture can inhibit the NF-κB signaling path-way to play an anti-inflammatory role and relieve corneal inflammation and injury of dry eye rabbit models.
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Objective:To observe the effects of acupoint application on TRPV1 expression on skin and lung tissue and levels of serum IFN-γ and IL-4 of mice with bronchial asthma, and to explore the mechanism of acupoint application in the treatment of asthma.Methods:75 BALB/C mice were divided into control group, model group, acupoint application group, sham application group and dexamethasone group, 15 in each group. The bronchial asthma model of mice was prepared by nasal drop method of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinuus (HDM). After the modeling, the acupoints such as "Feishu", "Xinshu" and "Geshu" of each side of the mice were taken for application. The acupoint application group was treated with white mustard seed, Corydalis yanhusuo, asarum and Gansui group, while the sham application group was treated with vaseline, once a day, 14 times in total. Emka-wbp pulmonary function detection system was used to detect airway resistance in mice. The expression of TRPV1 on lung tissues and skin tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by ELASA method.Results:After the stimulation of methacholine chloride solution at the concentrations of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/ml, compared with the model group, the Penh value (airway high resistance) of mice in the acupoint application group and dexamethasone group decreased ( P<0.05). HE staining and Sirius red staining of lung tissue showed that inflammatory infiltration and collagen fiber proliferation had been improved ( P<0.05). Compared with model group, the expression of TRPV1 (0.28±0.06, 0.28±0.05 vs. 0.31±0.08) in lung tissues of acupoint application group and dexamethasone group significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in BALF decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism of skin reaction induced by acupoint application in treating asthma may be related to the changes of IFN-γ, IL-4 and other related factors caused by the activation of TRPV1 in lung tissues and skin tissues.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the application of the"five-line division method "in selecting the surgical approach for occupying lesions in the saddle area and its adjacent areas.@*METHODS@#Based on the natural anatomic structures, 5 lines (alpha, beta, theta line and lambda, epsilon line) were drawn on the images of the craniocerebral axial plane crossing the middle of the saddle area and the craniocerebral median sagittal plane, thus dividing the saddle area and its adjacent areas into 6 regions in the axial plane (1, 2, 3, 1', 2', and 3' regions) and into 4 regions in the sagittal plane (I, II, III, and IV regions). Based on these divisions, the large space-occupying lesions in the saddle area and adjacent areas were classified and their respective surgical approaches were determined after reviewing the commonly used approaches in the saddle area and clinical experiences. We collected the data of 116 patients undergoing surgeries for space-occupying lesions involving the saddle and the adjacent areas in our hospital between September, 2014 and August, 2017, and analyzed their classifications and the corresponding surgical approaches based on the "five- line division method " to compare the consistency between the hypothetic approaches and the approaches adopted in the actual surgeries.@*RESULTS@#The actual surgical approaches adopted in the 116 cases were all selected under the guidance of experts in our hospital. The hypothetic surgical approaches selected based on the"five- line division method "showed a good consistency with the actually adopted approaches.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The"five-line division method "can spatially classify the commonly seen space-occupying lesions involving the saddle area and its adjacent area to provide assistance in the selection of surgical approaches for such lesions.
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Humans , General Surgery/methodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the primary and secondary factors of the allergic history, the frequency of acupoint application and the time of acupoint application in the treatment of bronchial asthma and optimize its scheme.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients of bronchial asthma were selected as the subjects in the orthogonal trial. The herbal medicines were the empirical formula of acupoint application (prepared at the ratio as 2:2:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 of,, unprocessed,,,,,and) and used on bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Xinshu (BL 15), Geshu (BL 17) and Shenshu (BL 23). Firstly, two groups were divided according to allergic history (40 cases with allergic history and 40 cases without allergic history), and then four subgroups were divided on the basis of the two main groups, 10 cases in each one. Through studying three factors and two levels, i.e. allergic history (Factor A:A:with allergic history; A:without allergic history), the frequency of acupoint application (Factor B:B:4 times; B:10 times, in which, in the group of 4-time applications, the application was given once every 10 days; in the group of 10-time applications, the application was given once every 4 days); and the time of application (Factor C:C:4 h; C:8 h), the optimal scheme was screened on the basis of the attack frequency before and after treatment and the score of the asthma quality life questionnaire (AQLQ) before treatment and 6 months after treatment in the patients of each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>① The orthogonal trial indicated that the best optimal scheme was ABC, meaning the patients with allergic history were treated with acupoint application for 10 times, remained for 4 h. ②Factor B (frequency of acupoint application) and C (time of acpoint application) were the significant influential factors of AQLQ scores (both<0.05). ③The comparison of the attack frequency and AQLQ score before and after treatment in all of the patients showed that the different combinations of factor levels induced the different impacts on the asthma attack frequency and AQLQ scores. Except in the group No.1 and the group No.5, the improvements were all significant in the rest groups, indicating the significant differences (<0.05,<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acupoint application reduces apparently the attack frequency of asthma in the patients and improves the living quality. The primary and secondary relationship among the allergic history, the frequency of acupoint application and the time of acupoint application for the impacts on the therapeutic effects are:the frequency of acupoint application > the time of acupoint application > the allergic history. The best optimal scheme is ABC, meaning the patients with allergic history are treated with acupoint application for 10 times, remained for 4h.</p>
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Xinming points (Extra) plus strong rein-forcing mani- pulation in treating optic atrophy.Methods Forty (56 eyes) optic atrophy patients were randomly allocated to a treatment group of 20 cases (29 eyes) and a control group of 20 cases (27 eyes). The control group received conventional medications, and the treatment group received acupuncture at Xinming points (Extra) plus strong reinforcing manipulation in addition. The visual acuity, the mean visual sensitivity (MS) of visual field and the P100 wave latency of P-VEP were recorded in the two groups before and after the treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results The visual acuity, the MS of visual field and the P100 wave latency of P-VEP were significantly changed after treatment in both two groups (P<0.05). After the treatment, there were statistically significant differences in the visual acuity, the MS of visual field and the P100 wave latency of P-VEP between the two groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 75.0% in the treatment group versus 35.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture at Xinming points (Extra) plus strong reinforcing manipulation is an effective method for optic atrophy.
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Objective To explore the experimental methods and conditions of 131I-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) vⅢ preparation,and to evaluate the targeting distribution of 131I-Anti-EGFRvⅢ in malignant glioma-loading nude mice.Methods The 131I labeling on anti-EGFRvⅢ was performed by Iodogen method.The labeling rate was determined after separation and purification and paper chromatography was used for the determination of radioactive chemical purity.Twenty-eight U87-EGFRvⅢ malignant glioma-loading nude mice with glioma average diameter of 10-15 mm were chosen and randomly divided into group of 131I-Anti-EGFRvⅢ intravenous injection,group of Na131I intravenous injection,group of 131I-Anti-EGFRvⅢ intratumor injection and group of Na131I intratumor injection;7.5 MBq/0.1 mL labeled products with 131I-Anti-EGFRvⅢ or Na131I were injected in the veins or the tumors to observe the changes of the radioactivity distribution of malignant glioma-loading nude mice with SPECT imaging.Results The rate of 131I-labeled anti-EGFRvⅢ was (68.12±6.19)％,and the immediate rate of radiochemieal purity was (95.12±0.59)％,and (87.78 ±5.35)％ in room temperature and (85.12±3.58)％ in 37 ℃ serum placed for 24 h.SPECT scan showed that the tumor site had significantly stronger imaging than the thyroid gland with the labeled products either by intravenous or intratumor injection.Conclusions It is applicable to the 131I-labeled Anti-EGFRvⅢ with Iodogen method.131I-Anti-EGFRvⅢ has good radiation chemical purity and stability in vitro and in vivo,and could be combined with tumor tissue specificity.
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Objective To evaluate clinical value of utilization of real‐time fluorescence isothermal RNA amplification assay (SAT)for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) in pleural effusion samples of patients with tuberculous pleurisy .Methods 90 hydrothorax specimens of patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 52 hydrothorax specimens of patients with non‐tuberculous pleurisy were selected ,and MTB was detected by using Roche culturing method ,SAT and TB DNA fluorescence quantitative expan‐sion method respectively .The sensitivity ,specificity and clinical value of SAT for detecting MTB were analysed .Results Taking Roche culturing method as the standard ,the sensitivity ,specificity and Youden index of SAT for detecting MTB were 90 .9% , 72 .1% and 0 .630 respectively .In patients clinically diagnosed with tuberculous pleurisy ,the positive detection rate of hydrothorax specimens detected by using Roche culturing method and SAT were 24 .4% and 43 .3% respectively ,and had statistically significant differences(χ2 =7 .166 3 ,P=0 .001 4) .Conclusion SAT is a rapid ,sensitive and specific method for the detection of MTB in pleu‐ral effusion samples ,which could improve the detection rate of MTB and decrease incidence of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis .
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Objective To investigate the effects of ISO-1, a selective MIF tautomerase activity inhibitor, on liver metastasis in a BALB/c mouse model of colonic cancer. Methods Micmporous migration assay was used to determine the effect of ISO-1 on the invasion abilities of CT26 cells. Orthotopic transplantation of fresh colonic tumor fragments into the hernial sac of cecum was used in a BALB/c mouse model of eolorectal cancer. Thirty mouse models were divided into three groups and treated respectively with ISO-1 (0. 2 ml, 20 mg/kg), 5% DMSO and NS ( normal sodium) twice a week, iutraperitoneally. After 4 weeks, mice were sacrificed and the whole livers were made into serial slices to detect the occurrence of liver metastasis. Serum MIF tautomerase activities were measured using L-dopachrome methyl ester, ELISA was used to test serum VEGF concentrations. Immunohistochemical staining of CD31 was used for comparing microvascular density (MVD) of tumor tissues. Results 100 μmol/L ISO-1 treatment for 24 hours significantly reduced the average number of the cells penetrating polycarbonates, ( 151 ± 19 ) vs. ( 178 ± 9 ), P<0. 01. Serum MIF tautomerase activities were significantly inhibited after ISO-1 treatment (51% vs. 81%, P <0. 01 ). Compared with DMSO and NS treatment, ISO-1 decreased the occurrence of liver metastasis ( 10% ,60% and 70% ,respectively;x2 = 8. 30, P < 0. 05 ). Also ISO-1 decreased serum VEGF levels ( 15 ± 7 ) pg/ml, ( 63 ± 11 ) pg/ml and ( 67 ± 8 ) pg/ml, respectively; P < 0. 01 and the MVD of tumor tissues (17±4) ,(36±7) and( 38±5) ,respectively; P<0. 01. Conclusion In vitro ISO-1 inhibits the invasion ability of CT26 cells. In vivo ISO-1 reduces the occurrence of liver metastasis, possibly by a mechanism of inhibiting MIF tautomerase activities, down-regulating the expression of VEGF and reducing MVD.
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Colorectal cancer, C RC, is a kind of cancer, which has a high rate of morbidity and mortality.Liver metastasis is the most frequent metastasis way in CRC, and related to the prognosis of the patients.There are many studies on the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis. The resection of the metastasis is one of the major treatments. Other treatments, including chemotherapy, alleviative and immunogenic treatments,are beneficial supplements to the resection. We summariz the indications, contraindications, managements and effects of these treatments.
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AIM:To observe the effects of supraoptic ADH neurons and central diabetes insipidus(CDI)in Wistar rats at different times after hypophysectomy.METHODS:Hypophysectomy was undergone by stereotaxic instrument.Water intake,urine output and urine specific gravity(SG)were observed each day.The survival rate of supraoptic ADH neurons was determined by immunofluorescence after hypophysectomy at different times.RESULTS:The rats manifested triphasic CDI after hypophysectomy.The average water intake in experiment group was 73.9 mL vs 30.9 mL in control group(P0.05),but the cellular body hypertrophy appeared.The survival rate at 10th day was 72%(P0.05),but they were all less than the 10th day(P