Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance using CRISPR-Cas system: a review / 生物工程学报

Bacterial multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge in the fields of medicine and health, agriculture and fishery, ecology and environment. The cross-region spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among different species is one of the main cause of bacterial MDR. However, there is no effective strategies for addressing the intensifying bacterial MDR. The CRISPR-Cas system, consisting of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated proteins, can targetedly degrade exogenous nucleic acids, thus exhibiting high application potential in preventing and controlling bacterial MDR caused by ARGs. This review briefly introduced the working mechanism of CRISPR-Cas systems, followed by discussing recent advances in reducing ARGs by CRISPR-Cas systems delivered through mediators (e.g. plasmids, bacteriophages and nanoparticle). Moreover, the trends of this research field were envisioned, providing a new perspective on preventing and controlling MDR.

Aerobic exercise relieves oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis due to colitis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of regular aerobic exercise on oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and apoptosis with a rat model of colitis.Methods:Forty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and a model exercise group, each of 15. Colitis was induced in the rats of the model and model exercise groups through administration of 3.5% sodium dextran sulfate. The control group and the model group were kept quiet in their cages, while the model exercise group performed voluntary wheel running for 8 weeks after the successful modelling. Any histopathological changes in the colon tissue were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and apoptosis were measured from colon tissue homogenates.Results:Compared with the control group, the average expression of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Caspase-3 activity and the protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), cytochrome c (Cyt C) and Bax had all increased significantly in the other two groups, while the levels of IL-10 and glutathione (GSH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the protein expression of Bcl-2 protein had decreased significantly in the model group. Compared with the model group, the average content of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, PGE2, ROS, MDA and NO, the activity of iNOS and Caspase-3 and the protein expression of COX2, NF-κB p65, AIF, CytC and Bax had decreased significantly, while that of IL-10 and GSH, the activity of SOD and GPx and the protein expression of Bcl-2 protein had increased significantly in the model exercise group.Conclusion:Regular aerobic exercise has a protective effect against colitis through improving oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, at least in rats.

Effects of high- and moderate-intensity continuous training on the abdominal visceral fat of obese female college students / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the abdominal visceral fat of obese women.Methods:Sixty-eight obese female college students were randomly divided into an HIIT group ( n=23), an MICT group ( n=22) and a control group ( n=23). The control group was not given any training intervention. The MICT group performed continuous exercise at an intensity of 60% of each person′s maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max) until 300kJ of work had been performed. Those in the HIIT group performed repeated 4-minute bouts of cycling at 90% of their VO 2max with 3-minute intervals until 300kJ of work had been performed. The interventions lasted 12 weeks. The subjects′ visceral fat (AVFA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASFA) were measured using computed tomography. Whole-body fat mass (FM) and FM in the android, gynoid and trunk regions were detected using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 48 hours after the final session. Results:After the intervention, the average AVFA, ASFA, percentage of fat mass (FM%), whole-body FM, and FM in the abdominal, gluteo-femoral and trunk regions of the HIIT group and MICT group were significantly lower than before the intervention, but there was no significant difference between them. No significant differences were observed in any of the control group′s indexes.Conclusions:Both HIIT and MICT can reduce the abdominal visceral fat of obese female college students, and the effects of the two exercise modes are equivalent.

Application of fluorescent probes in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant skin tumor characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Surgical resection is currently still the main treatment. There are still some challenges in the early diagnosis and thorough surgical resection of melanoma, which affect the prognosis of patients. To date, great progress has been made in the application of fluorescent probes to the diagnosis and surgical resection of, as well as sentinel lymph node localization and resection in melanoma. Fluorescent probes have advantages of good chemical stability, less adverse effects, high specificity, high accuracy and visualization, and may provid new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.

Effects of inspiratory muscle training on cardiac autonomic nervous function and the life quality of elderly women / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on cardiac autonomic nerve function and the life quality of elderly women.Methods:Fifty-six healthy women aged 60 to 70 were randomly divided into an IMT group and a placebo control group (PLA), each of 28. The IMT group was given IMT training 5 times a week for 5 weeks with the inspiratory resistance set at 50% of their maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). The PLA group was treated similarly, but the inspiratory resistance was set at the 5% of the MIP. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated in terms of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest, and heart rate during the inspiratory phase (HR-in) and expiratory phase (HR-ex) of deep breathing. Their quality of like was quantified using the World Health Organization′s quality of life scale (WHOQOL-100).Results:After the intervention, the average MIP and high frequency power in the HRV spectrum had increased significantly, but the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power had decreased significantly in the IMT group. In deep breathing the average HR-in and HR-ex both had decreased significantly. The average scores on all dimensions of the WHOQOL-100 were significantly higher than before the intervention and higher than those of the control group. Indeed, there were no significant differences in the PLA group′s results before and after the intervention.Conclusions:Five weeks of IMT training can significantly improve the cardiac autonomic nerve function and life quality of elderly women. This provides a reference for prescribing rehabilitation exercise for such women.

Research progress on tissue engineering in repairing tempomandibular joint / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is mainly manifested as perforation of temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) and destruction of condylar osteochondral complex (COCC). In recent years, tissue engineering technology has become one of the effective strategies in repairing this damage. With the development of scaffold material technology, composite scaffolds have become an important means to optimize the performance of scaffolds with the combined advantages of natural materials and synthetic materials. The gelling method with the minimally invasive concept can greatly solve the problems of surgical trauma and material anastomosis, which is beneficial to the clinical transformation of temporomandibular joint tissue engineering. Extracellular matrix scaffolds technology can solve the problem of scaffold source and maximize the simulation of the extracellular environment, which provides an important means for the transformation of temporo joint tissue engineering to animal level. Due to the limitation of the source and amplification of costal chondrocytes, the use of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources has been widely used for temporomandibular joint tissue engineering. The fibrochondral stem cells isolated from surface layer of articular cartilage may provide one more suitable cell source. Transforming growth factor β superfamily, due to its osteochondrogenesis activity has been widely used in tissue engineering, and platelet-rich derivative as a convenient preparation of compound biological factor, gradually get used in temporomandibular joint tissue engineering. With the deepening of research on extracellular microenvironment and mechanical stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes and stress stimulation are increasingly being used to regulate the extracellular microenvironment. In the future, the combination of complex bioactive factors and certain stress stimulation may become a trend in the temporomandibular joint tissue engineering research. In this article, the progress on tissue engineering in repairing COCC and TMJD, especially in scaffold materials, seed cells and bioactive factors, are reviewed, so as to provide information for future research design and clinical intervention.

Study of clinical characteristics and related gene mutations in children with hereditary spherocytosis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical phenotypes and molecular genetic characteristics of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) in children.Methods:The clinical data of children with HS in the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2014 to June 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.The peripheral blood samples of 20 children and their parents were collected and targeted capture or whole exon group sequencing was performed using the second generation sequencing technique, and the suspicious mutation sites were verified by Sanger sequencing.Results:A total of 43 pediatric patients (23 males, 20 female) were included in this study.The median age of onset of 1 year old and 11 months (1 month to 10 years old). Pallor (27/43 cases, 62.79%) was the main symptom.Typical clinical manifestations were anemia (36/43 cases, 83.72%), jaundice (35/43 cases, 81.40%), splenomegaly (33/43 cases, 76.74%), and hepatomegaly (27/43 cases, 62.79%). The proportion of spherical erythrocytes in peripheral blood of 23 cases (23/43 cases, 53.49%)≥ 0.1, and the proportion of spherical erythrocytes in bone marrow smears of 17 cases (39.53%) was ≥ 0.1, and 20 cases were positive in erythrocyte osmotic fragility test (20/43 cases, 46.51%). Comparison of 29 children before and after blood transfusion: post-transfusion hemoglobin (Hb) [(88.69±11.22) g/L vs. (78.24±14.47) g/L], mean corpuscular volume (MCV) [(89.37±7.15) fL vs.(84.08±7.49) fL], mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) [(29.12±2.70) pg vs.(27.36±1.95) pg], mean corpuscular hemoglobin corpuscular (MCHC) [(361.79±32.27) g/L vs.(356.31±31.43 ) g/L] were increased, and the total bilirubin (TB) level was lower after blood transfusion than before blood transfusion [(33.27±16.42) μmol/L vs.(41.58±15.40) μmol/L], the differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.538, -5.187, -5.412, -7.404, 2.527, all P<0.05). Seven children underwent splenectomy: postoperative Hb[(116.00±5.54) g/L vs.(75.71±9.96) g/L], MCH[(29.87±1.62) pg vs.(24.61±1.65) pg], MCHC [(391.14±12.99) g/L vs.(315.14±51.99) g/L] all increased, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-9.234, -4.330, -4.031, all P<0.05). The Hb in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the blood transfusion group, including the treatment effect of operation was more significant ( t=-9.247, P<0.05). Thirteen pathogenic mutations (11 new mutations not reported) were detected in 3 genes ( ANK1, SPTB and SPTA1) in 13 children, 8 of who were mutations in ANK1, 4 cases of which were mutations in SPTB and 1 case of which was mutation in SPTA1.Among the 13 mutations, 12 cases were de novo except one inherited from the mother. Conclusions:Anemia and pallor are the initial symptoms of HS in children.Blood transfusion can temporarily improve the symptoms of anemia and jaundice.Splenectomy is an effective and fundamental treatment.The gene diagnosis of 13 pediatric patients got gene diagnosis, which provided basis for genetic consultation of the next fetus.Eleven new mutations were found in ANK1, SPTB, SPTA1 genes, which exten-ded the gene mutation spectrum of HS.

Clinical analysis of non-small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the treatment, safety and prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis and performance status score more than 3.Methods:The clinical data of 6 NSCLC patients with leptomeningeal metastasis admitted to the People's Hospital of Wuhan University from November 2016 to September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The curative effect and adverse reactions were observed, and the prognosis was analyzed.Results:There were 5 females and 1 male among 6 patients. The median age was 57 years old (46-74 years old). All 6 patients were diagnosed as stage Ⅳ lung adenocarcinoma. There were 3 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 21 mutation, 2 patients with exon 19 mutation and one with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion mutation. The time window of leptomeningeal metastasis occurred after the progression of adenocarcinoma of lung: 3 cases was more than 12 months, the other 3 cases was less than 12 months, and the average was 20.3 month. Performance status score was more than 3 when leptomeningeal metastasis occurred. The brain magnetic resonance imaging of 6 patients showed linear enhancement of leptomeningeal, cancer cells were found in cerebrospinal fluid in one case, 4 cases were treated with a combination of bevacizumab and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), 1 case was treated with oral administration of EGFR-TKI, 1 case was treated with oral administration of EGFR-TKI combined with temozolomide. The median overall survival (mOS) was 9 months (2-13 months), and the median progression free survival was 6 months (2-11 months).Conclusion:Lung adenocarcinoma may be prone to leptomeningeal metastasis; for NSCLC patients with leptomeningeal metastasis and performance status score more than 3, a combination of EGFR-TKI and bevacizumab has good tolerance, high safety and considerable curative effect.

A multicenter research on validation and improvement of the intelligent verification criteria for routine urinalysis / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:A multi-center and large sample volume study was conducted on the verification and improvement of the early established criteria for intelligent routine urinalysis validation (including the microscopic review rules and manual validation rules, referred to as intelligent criteria for short), in order to improve the clinical application of this intelligent criteria.Methods:A total of 31 456 urine specimens were collected from the inpatients and outpatients in six hospitals in China, from March to September 2019. Firstly, 3105 specimens were analyzed for preliminary verification and improvement of the intelligent criteria based on the results of the microscopic examination and manual validation. Secondly, 28 351 specimens were used to verify the clinical application of the improved intelligent criteria. All samples were manually validated as reference.Results:The approval inconsistency rate of the manual validation rules in the original intelligent criteria was 8.59% (202/2 352), and the interception inconsistency rate was 8.84% (208/2 352). The false negative rate and the microscopic review rate of the microscopic review rules were similar to the previous results. Based on an in-depth analysis of big data and the discussions by senior technicians from eight hospitals, one microscopic review rules and four manual validation rules were added, meanwhile two manual validation rule was deleted. The manual validation standards were unified. Finally, the intelligent criteria was improved. Based on the improved intelligent criteria, for microscopic review rules, the false positive rate, false negative rate (misdiagnosis rate), and microscopic review rate did not change significantly, which were 14.72% (457/3 105), 4.06% (126/3 105), and 24.73% (768/3 105), respectively. The approval inconsistency rate and the interception inconsistency rate of manual validation rules were both reduced to 0; the total manual validation rate of the intelligent criteria was 50.89% (1 580/3 105), and the auto-validation rate was 49.11% (1 525/3 105). The large sample volume verification results were consistent with the preliminary verification results of the improved intelligent criteria.Conclusion:This multi-center and large sample volume study had shown that the improved intelligent criteria had better clinical performance.

Resistance training improves functional sympatholysis in persons with primary hypertension / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of twelve weeks of resistance training on the functional sympatholysis of the skeletal muscles in persons with primary hypertension.Methods:Thirty untreated adult men with stage 1 essential hypertension (SBP/DBP: 140-159/90-99mmHg) formed a hypertension group, while thirty healthy counterparts (SBP/DBP: 90-120/60-80mmHg) served as a control group. Both groups underwent 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, 3 times a week. Before and after the intervention, any changes in forearm haemodynamics at rest were measured, along with handgrip after activation of the sympathetic nerve using a cold pressor test (CPT). The sympathetic vasoconstriction response was represented by the rate of change in brachial vascular conductance (%FVC) induced by the CPT, and the ability to suppress sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses using muscle contractions (functional sympatholysis) was quantified as the difference in sympathetic vasoconstrictor response between the handgrip test and at rest (△%FVC).Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in their average △%FVCs before the intervention. After the intervention, significant increases were observed in both groups, but there was still no significant difference between the two groups′ average △%FVCs.Conclusion:Twelve weeks of resistance training can improve the functional sympatholysis of adult men with essential hypertension. Their elevated blood pressure does not impair functional sympatholysis.

Metoprolol combined with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves skeletal muscle functional sympathol-ysis and the exercise capacity of mildly hypertensive men / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of metoprolol and metoprolol combined with moderate inten-sity aerobic exercise on the sympathetic vasoconstriction response of skeletal muscle, functional sympatholysis and the exercise capacity of hypertensive men. Methods Thirty men with mild ( stage 1) essential hypertension were divi-ded into a drug group and an observation group. The drug group received only metoprolol while the observation group took metoprolol and performed aerobic exercise (intensity 50-70％ of VO2max, 30-45 min/time, 3-5 times/week) for 12 weeks. Before and after the experiment, the subjects' maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), peak power (PP) as well as a rating of perceived exertion ( RPE) curve during exercise were determined using the graded exercise test. Forearm vascular conductance ( FVC) induced by the cold pressor test was measured using Doppler ultrasound at rest and during a handgrip exercise. Sympathetic vasoconstriction response was manifested by the rate of change in the conductance (％FVC) before and after the cold pressor test. Functional sympatholysis ( the ability of muscle contrac-tions to inhibit sympathetic vasoconstrictor response) was quantified using the difference in the ％FVC values (△％FVC) between the handgrip exercise and at rest. Results After the treatment,％FVC during the handgrip exercise was lower than at rest in the observation group.△％FVC had increased significantly, as had VO2max and PP. The RPE curve during a graded exercise test shifted to the right in the observation group, but there was no significant change in the other observations. In the drug group, PP had decreased significantly and the RPE curve had shifted to the left. Conclusion Metoprolol can better improve functional sympatholysis and enhance exercise capacity when it is com-bined with moderate intensity aerobic exercise. That will alleviate any exercise intolerance in men with mild hyperten-sion caused by taking metoprolol alone.

Prognostic significance of fibrinogen concentration combined with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of a novel prediction model based on fibrinogen concentration in combination with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (F-NLR score) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receiving neoadjuvant therapy and investigate their relationship with pathologic complete response (pCR).Methods Clinical data of 218 eligible ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The cut-off values for fibrinogen and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)were defined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The effects of different F-NLR scores on survival and pCR were evaluated.The survival rate was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.The relationship among fibrinogen,NLR and pCR was analyzed by using Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates with F-NLR scores of 0,1 and 2 were 72.1％,66.5％ and 50.2％(P=0.010),respectively.The corresponding 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 64.1％,60.2％ and 45.4％ (P=0.012),respectively.The clinical prognosis of patients with an F-NLR score of 2 was significantly worse compared with those of their counterparts with an F-NLR score of 0-1 (P=0.003).Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the F-NLR score (P=0.004) and TNM stage (P=0.000) were the independent prognostic factors.Conclusions The F-NLR score can be used as an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy,which is promising supplement to current TNM staging system,thereby facilitating more accurate risk stratification analysis and achieving individualized multidisciplinary treatment for ESCC patients.

Application of improved anvil placement in laparoscopic resection of low rectal cancer with resection of anal eversion / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and application value of improved anvil placement in laparoscopic resection of low rectal cancer with resection of anal eversion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was performed on 17 patients who were operated by improved extracorporeal anvil placement in laparoscopic resection of low rectal cancer with resection of anal eversion at Huaihe Hospital of Henan University during June 2015 and June 2017.</p><p><b>INCLUSION CRITERIA</b>(1) distance from tumor low margin to anal edge was 4 to 6 cm; (2) protrusive type tumor with a circumferential diameter of less than 3 cm; (3) ulcer type tumor with circumferential bowel infiltration of less than 1/2; (4) no distant metastasis(M0) and preoperative MRI of pelvic floor indicating T1-3N0. Patients with BMI>35 kg/m, or insufficient length of sigmoid and mesentery, or thickening sigmoid and mesentery were excluded. According to total mesorectal excision(TME) principle, rectum and its mesentery was resected completely; the sigmoid colon was cut off at the superior margin of tumor; the oval forceps was placed through anus to clamp and evert the rectum out of the anus; the rectum was transected at 1-2 cm from the lower edge of the tumor; the distal sigmoid colon was pulled out through anus; purse string suture was made after insertion of anvil and was restored to the abdominal cavity; end-to-end anastomosis of the rectum and sigmoid colon was performed after closing rectal stump.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 17 low rectal cancer patients, 10 were male and 7 were female with age of 42 to 71 (median 58) years old and BMI of 20.6 to 33.5(median 26) kg/m. Preoperative staging indicated 2 cases of stage I, 15 cases of stage II. Distance from tumor low margin to anal edge was 4 to 6(median 5.0) cm and diameter of tumor was 3.4 to 4.8 (median 4.2) cm. All the patients completed operations successfully without conversion to laparotomy. The operation time was 124 to 182 (median 136) minutes. Distal sigmoid colon was difficult to pull out in 1 patient due to the insufficient free of the mesosigmoid, which was then successful after the mesosigmoid was dissociated with laparoscopy thoroughly again. The intraoperative blood loss was 10 to 50 (median 20) ml. Postoperative pathology reveled 2 cases of stage I, 12 cases of stageII and 3 cases of stage III; 1 case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 15 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 case of highly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The postoperative exhaust time was 24 to 128 (median 36) hours and hospital stay was 5 to 15 (median 8) days. No anastomotic leakage and intra-abdominal infection was found. Fifteen patients were followed up for 5 to 24 months without local recurrence or distant metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The improved anvil placement in laparoscopic resection of low rectal cancer with resection of anal eversion without abdominal incision is safe and feasible.</p>

Methodology Comparison Study on Two Analysis Systems of Procalcitonin / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the comparability of the test results of two immunoassay systems based on the electrochemical luminescence and the fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay for serum procalcitonin (PCT).Methods Roche cobas system was used as the reference system,and fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay system of Shanghai Upper biotech company was used as evaluated system.A total of 141 clinical samples during November,2015 were detected by the two systems to obtain the correlation coefficient and the Kappa values at the two cutoff values(0.5,2.0 ng/ml).Results The two systems showed high correlation (Y=1.008X-0.032,r=0.995,P＜0.001) and low deviation (t=-0.230,P=0.819＞0.05) without statistic significance between two methods.Kappa values were 0.944,0.943 respectively at the two cutoff values (0.5,2.0 ng/ml).Conclusion The test results showed no significant difference between the two immunoassay systems,suggesting a consistency between them for clinical detection of PCT.All the observed indicators reached the clinical diagnostic requirements and the method of quantitative detection of PCT by fluorescence lateral flow immunoassya can be applied for the quick detection of clinical human PCT.

Cerebrovascular infarction after cosmetic facial injections: a case report and literature review / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To report a case who had cerebral hemorrhage after facial injection with hyaluronic acid and to present the literature review about cerebrovascular infarction after cosmetic facial injection.@*Methods@#Articles were collected from domestic and overseas database, with the key word of "filler injection, autologous fat, hyaluronic acid, stroke, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral embolism" from 1990 January to 2016 July. Information about researchers, patients, injection, complication, therapy and prognosis was collected.@*Results@#The analysis shows cases are mostly reported by South Korea among the 18 articles in total (20 cases). 81% of injection material is autologous fat and the rest is hyaluronic acid.Glabella is mostly injected(n=9). Symptoms of cerebrovascular infarction are paralysis(n=15), disturbance of consciousness(n=7) and aphasia(n=5), whose onset were mostly within the operation(47%, n=8). 81% cases were combined with blindness. Infarction positions mostly were middle cerebral artery(n=14), anterior cerebral artery(n=6), frontal lobe(n=6)and parietal lobe(n=5). Meanwhile, there were three cases combined with cerebral hemorrhage including the case we reported in this article. Blind patients had poor prognosis while the other neurologic symptoms mostly could be improved.@*Conclusions@#Cerebrovascular infarction is a rarely severe complication of cosmetic facial injection, which we should pay close attention to.

Effects of three-dimensional printed porous titanium scaffolds on bone ingrowth / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:With the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds as bone substitutes have become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To introduce and discuss the effects of each parameter of 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds on bone ingrowth, and to sum out the optimal parameters for bone ingrowth. METHODS:The first author retrieved PubMed, Springerlink and Medline databases with“three-dimensional (3D) printing, scaffold, titanium, bone ingrowth”as keywords for relevant articles published from 2006 to 2016. 125 articles were retrieved initial y, and final y 42 eligible articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pore size, porosity, pore structures and surface modifications of 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds al make effects on bone ingrowth or osteoblasts in scaffolds. Scaffolds with appropriate pore size and porosity can promote the vascularization and provide adequate nutrition and oxygen supplement, to ensure high cel viability. Regulations of cel performances, such as cel attachment, proliferation and differentiation, are also affected by pore structures and nano-scale surface modification. Herein, a detailed combination of the parameters, as mentioned above, can create a better porous scaffold for better bone ingrowth. Hence, the high-stability interface between bone and scaffolds may be obtained through the parameter adjustment.

The expression and significance of serum ghrelin, leptin, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in children with idiopathic short stature / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To examine the expressions of serum growth hormone (ghrelin), leptin (LP), in sulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) in children with id-iopathic short stature (ISS), and their significance. Methods A total of 40 patients with ISS were selected from May. 2012 to Oct. 2014 in Fuyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, while a total of 40 children in good health were selected as the control group. Serum ghrelin and LP levels were measured by ELISA. Serum IGF-1 and IGF-BP3 levels were detected by chemiluminescence immune assay. Results were analyzed statistically. Results The height, weight, BMI, GH, serum LP, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while serum ghrelin expression level was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that ghrelin and LP were negatively correlated(r=-0.611, P<0.01), ghrelin and IGF-1 levels were negatively correlated(r=-0.520, P<0.05), Ghrelin and IGFBP3 were pos-itively correlated (r=0.586, P<0.01), IGF-1 and IGFBP3 was negatively correlated (r=-0.576, P<0.01), and LP and IGFBP3 were negatively correlated (r=-0.609, P<0.01). Conclusions It shows that ghrelin, LP, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels in children with ISS are related to growth hormone secretion status. The interactions between ghre-lin and insulin-like growth factor axis regulate growth and development of children.

Super mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) by ultrasound-guided for pediatric kidney stones / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of super mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) by ultrasound-guided renal access in pediatric with renal calculus.Methods From May to August 2015, 20 pediatric patients with upper tract stones underwent the SMP by ultrasound guidance.The patients aged 11-144 months , median age 31.5 months, The stone size ranged 0.8-2.5 cm, mean(1.48 ±0.59) cm.Among the 20 children, single pelvis stones were in 8, multiple stones in 10 and upper ureter stones in 2.All patients had no previous surgery treatment.The SMP system consists of a F6.0 -7.5 nephroscope and a modified F12-14 access sheath with suction-evacuation function.Nephrostomy tract dilation was performed up to F12-14 and lithotripsy procedure was performed by using pneumatic lithotripter.Nephrostomy tube or double J stent was placed only if clinically indicated.Results The stone size was 0.8-2.5 cm ,mean (1.48 ± 0.59)cm.Among the 20 children, there were 8 patients with single pelvis stone, 10 with multiple stones and 2 with upper ureter stones.All the patients were completed successfully without surgery conversion.Mean operative time ranged 6-40 minutes ,mean(17.6 ± 11.6) minutes.The stone free rate was 100％ after the evaluation in the postoperative day.The hemoglobin drop was 2-16 g/L,mean (7.6-± 4.1) g/L.No major complications occurred, neither patient required transfusion.The tubeless PCNL without double J stents and nephrostomy tubes placed were achieved in all patients.Only 14 patients had a ureter catheter placement for one day.The average hospital stay ranged 1-4 days, mean (2.4 ± 0.8) days.Conclusions SMP could be a safe and effective treatment for kidney stone up to 2.0 cm in pediatric cases with advantages of short recovery time, high stone free rate and no catheter placement.SMP could be the ideal procedure for children with upper urinary tract calculus.

Radiation-induced autophagy in colon cancer cells and its effect in radiation responses / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To observe the autophagy induced by heavy ion and X-ray radiations in SW480 cells and its effect in radiation responses.Methods The cellular ultrastructure was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The autophagy vesicles were labeled by monodansylcadaverin (MDC) fluorescence.The levels of LC3 which were induced by radiation and rapamycin were measured by Western blot assay.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.The invasion of SW480 colon cells was measured with a Transwell.Cell wound healing assay was used to observe the migration of SW480 colon cells.Results Heavy ion and X-ray radiation could induce autophagy in SW480 cells in a dose dependent manner i.e., the autophagy level increased along with irradiation dose (F =458.526, P ＜ 0.05) , but this induction of autophagy was inhibited by chloroquine.Rapamycin could also induce autophagy in SW480 cells and it had a synergistic effect with irradiation (F =189.393, P ＜ 0.05).The abilities of invasion, migration and proliferation of SW480 cells were reduced by irradiation and the combination treatment of irradiation and rapamycin (F =194.692, 629.917, 302.903, P ＜ 0.05) , but they were enhanced by chloroquine (F =194.692, 629.917, 302.903, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ionization radiation causes cell death by inducing autophagy.

Changes of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura after laparoscopic splenectomy / 中国综合临床

measured to compare the correlation between the changes of T lymphocyte subsets before and after operation and the change of platelet. Results Thirty-one patients were underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. The T lymphocyte subsets and CD3 + ,CD4 + and CD3 + / CD4 + in all patients showed an increase trend as the time prolonged after operation,and the differences were significant( F = 6. 91,3. 93,4. 18;P = 0. 023,0. 004,0. 011). While the ratio of CD3 + / CD8 + and CD3 + CD4 + / CD3 + CD8 + were decreased as time increased,and differences were statistically significant( F = 2. 59,3. 67;P = 0. 001,0. 002). They were related with platelet change after operation and correlation statistics analysis showed R values were 0. 332,0. 271,0. 345,- 0. 119,- 0. 164,and the P value were 0. 039,0. 021,0. 002,0. 017,0. 023. Conclusion ITP patients have the imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets,and splenectomy can improve the imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with ITP. T lymphocyte subsets may serve as a reference index to indicate the prognosis of the patients.