Preparation of specific yolk immunoglobulin against Fusarium and evaluation of its anti- Fusarium effect / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To prepare specific anti- Fusarium yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) and investigate its tolerance to temperature and pH and verify its antifungal effect against Fusarium. Methods:Eighteen 22-week-old Leghorn laying hens were selected and randomized into negative control group and experimental group according to the random number table method, with 9 hens in each group.The 2×10 7 colony forming units (CFU)/ml suspension of inactivated hyphae of Fusarium and Freund complete adjuvant was mixed in a 1∶1 ratio and emulsified.The hens in the experimental group were injected with 1 ml of the mixture to immunize and received 1 ml of Freund incomplete adjuvant as booster injection at two weeks after the initial injection.The egg yolk was collected from the 5th to 16th week after immunization.Specific anti- Fusarium IgY protein was prepared by salting out method using ammonium sulfate.The obtained protein solution was put into a freeze dryer and made into freeze-dried powder stored at 4 ℃.The hens in the negative control group were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride to prepare the non-specific antibody as the negative control.Bradford method was used to determine the concentration of specific egg IgY protein and the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure its titer.The 1×10 5 CFU/ml and 1×10 3 CFU/ml Fusarium suspension were cultured with different concentrations of IgY and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 4 days, and the absorbance value at 600 nm was measured.The co-incubated PBS/negative IgY with Fusarium solution was set as blank control/negative control accordingly.The concentration-killing curve of anti- Fusarium IgY against Fusarium was obtained.The specific IgY solution was diluted to 0.02 mg/ml with PBS pH 7.4, and the diluted specific IgY solution was placed into the water bath for 30 minutes at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 ℃, respectively, and was cooled down to room temperature.The specific IgY solution was diluted to 0.02 mg/ml with PBS pH 1, pH 2, pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, pH 9, pH 10, pH 11, pH 12, respectively, and the diluted specific IgY solution was placed at 4 ℃ for one hour.The activity of diluted specific IgY solution by different methods was measured by indirect ELISA, and the tolerance of IgY to various temperatures and pH was evaluated.Twelve 8-week-old SPF female C57BL/6 mice were selected and randomized into the PBS control group and specific IgY treatment group according to the random table method, with 6 mice in each group.The right eyes of the 12 mice were infected with Fusarium to establish mice model of fungal keratitis.One day after modeling, 200 mg/ml of anti- Fusarium IgY was dropped to the right eyes of mice in the specific IgY treatment group, and PBS was dropped to the right eyes of mice in the PBS control group.The corneas of mice in the two groups were observed under the slit lamp microscope at 1, 3 and 5 days following modeling, and the corneal ulcer was scored according to the grading scale for inflammation score.The use and care of experimental animals followed the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology statement.This study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (No.QYFYWZLL26168). Results:The IgY protein concentration from the 5th to 16th week after immunization was 1.57, 2.89, 24.98, 25.09, 23.89, 25.78, 21.57, 21.37, 18.98, 15.78, 14.67, 12.67 mg/ml, respectively.The titer of IgY was increased from the 5th week, and it reached the highest titer 1∶10 000 at the 7th week, which could be maintained until the 12th week after immunization before it dropped gradually.The concentration-killing curve showed that compared with the blank control group and negative control group, Fusarium grew slowly in the specific IgY treatment group.The specific IgY with a titer greater than 1∶10 000 had thermal stability below 60 ℃.The activity of specific IgY was highest at pH 4 to 6, which could be maintained above 70% at pH 3 to 9 and was further reduced with the decrease or increase of pH.At 1, 3 and 5 days after Fusarium infection, the inflammation scores were 3.50±0.55, 7.33±0.82, 4.00±0.63 in the PBS control group, and 3.33±0.82, 4.17±0.75, 2.50±0.55 in the specific IgY treatment group.There was a statistically significant overall difference in inflammation scores at various time points between the two groups ( Fgroup=247.35, P<0.05; Ftime=23.19, P<0.05). At 3 and 5 days after Fusarium infection, there was a smaller ulcer area and decreased inflammation scores in the specific IgY treatment group compared with the PBS control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:The high titer specific IgY can be successfully prepared by salting out method using ammonium sulfate, which is with high stability, tolerance to temperature and pH.Moreover, it can alleviate the severity of corneal ulcers and reduce inflammation scores in the mouse model of fungal keratitis.

Establishment of the fingerprints of Yinhuang solution for inhalation and content determination of phenolic acids / 中国药房

OBJE CTIVE To establish the finger prints for Yinhuang solution for inhalation and determine the contents of neochlorogenic acid ，chlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid simultaneously. METHODS Using baicalin as reference ，the fingerprints of Yinhuang solution for inhalation were established by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Relative correction factors of neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid were calculated by slope correction method ，using chlorogenic acid as reference ；the contents of them were calculated according to relative correction factor. The results of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker （QAMS）were compared with those of external standard method （ESM）. RESULTS There were 18 common peaks in the fingerprints of 10 batches of Yinhuang solution for inhalation ，and their similarities with reference fingerprint were higher than 0.90. A total of 7 common peaks were identified as baicalin ，neochlorogenic acid ，chlorogenic acid ， cryptochlorogenic acid ，isochlorogenic acid B ，3，5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4，5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The linear range of neochlorogenic acid ，chlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid were 0.025 0-1.247 4 μg（r＝0.999 7），0.039 3-1.178 7 μg（r＝ 0.999 9），0.031 6-1.184 1 μg（r＝0.999 9），respectively. RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests （48 h）were all lower than 1.0％. The average recoveries were 93.92％（RSD＝1.32％ ，n＝6），94.46％（RSD＝1.45％，n＝6），93.93％（RSD＝ 1.57％，n＝6）. Relative correction factors of neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid were 1.068 and 1.233. The contents of neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid determined by QAMS method were 0.301 8-0.386 3 and 0.262 5-0.362 5 mg/mL， respectively. The contents of neochlorogenic acid ，chlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid by ESM were 0.302 6-0.387 2， 0.231 0- 0.334 0，0.261 6-0.361 3 mg/mL，respectively. The deviations of the content determination results of the two methods（except for chlorogenic acid ）were both not higher than 0.20％. CONCLUSIONS Established HPLC fingerprints are stable and feasible. Established QAMS method is accurate and rapid. HPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS can be used for the quality control for Yinhuang solution for inhalation ．

Phenotypes and ATP7B gene variants in 316 children with Wilson disease / 中华儿科杂志

Objectives: To summarize the clinical phenotypes and the variation spectrum of ATP7B gene in Chinese children with Wilson's disease (WD) and to investigate their significance for early diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 316 children diagnosed as WD in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center during the period from January 2010 to June 2021. The general situations, clinical manifestations, lab test results, imaging examinations, and ATP7B gene variant characteristics were collected. The patients were divided into asymptomatic WD group and symptomatic WD group based on the presence or absence of clinical symptoms at the time that WD diagnosis was made. The χ2 test, t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between groups. Results: Among the 316 children with WD, 199 were males and 117 were females, with the age of 5.4 (4.0, 7.6) years at diagnosis; 261 cases (82.6%) were asymptomatic with the age of 4.9 (3.9, 6.4) years; whereas 55 cases (17.4%) were symptomatic with the age of 9.6 (7.3, 12.0) years. The main symptoms invloved liver, kidney, nervous system, or skin damage. Of all the patients, 95.9% (303/316) had abnormal liver function at diagnosis; 98.1% (310/316) had the serum ceruloplasmin lever lower than 200 mg/L; 97.7% (302/309) had 24-hour urine copper content exceeding 40 μg; only 7.4% (23/310) had positive corneal K-F rings, 8.2% (23/281) had abnormal MRI signals in the lenticular nucleus, and all of them had symptoms of damage in liver, kidney or nervous system. Compared with the group of symptomatic WD, asymptomatic group had higher levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and lower levels ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urine copper [(208±137) vs. (72±78) U/L, (55±47) vs. (69±48) mg/L, 103 (72, 153) vs. 492 (230, 1 432) μg; t=9.98, -1.98, Z=-4.89, all P<0.001]. Among the 314 patients completing genetic sequencing, a total of 107 mutations in ATP7B gene were detected, of which 10 are novel variants, and 3 cases (1.0%) had large heterozygous deletion (exons 10 to exon 11) in ATP7B gene. The percentage of missense mutation in asymptomatic WD children was significantly higher than that in symptomatic WD (81.5% (422/518) vs. 69.1% (76/110), χ²=8.47, P<0.05). WD patients carrying homozygous variant of c.2 333G>T had significantly low levels of ceruloplasmin than those not carrying this variant ((23±5) vs. (61±48) mg/L, t=-2.34, P<0.001). Conclusions: The elevation of serum ALT is an important clue for early diagnosis of WD in children, while serum ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urine copper content are specific markers for early diagnosis of WD. In order to confirm the diagnosis of WD, it is necessary to combine the Sanger sequencing with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification or other testing technologies.

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains causing foodborne disease outbreaks in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2020 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To study the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from outbreaks cases in Guangdong Province, 2017-2020. Methods: Epidemiological characteristics of 87 outbreak events caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus were analyzed. Strains were serotyped, and then analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: The food-borne disease outbreak caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found in 16 cities. 44.8% (39/87) and 37.9% (33/87) of the outbreaks occurred in hotels, restaurants and school canteens, respectively. Improper food processing and storage (40.2%, 35/87) and cross contamination caused by indiscriminate raw and cooked food (25.3%, 22/87) were the main causes of food-borne disease outbreaks of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The main serotypes of patient derived strains were O3:K6 (87.5%) and O4:KUT (22.5%). The similarity value between O3:K6 type isolates was 65.5%-100.0%, and the PFGE pattern similarity value of O4:KUT type isolates was 66.5%-100.0%. Conclusion: Outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus are widely distributed in Guangdong province. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education on the correct handling of food in hotels, restaurants, schools, and unit canteens. O3:K6 and O4:KUT serotypes are the main serotypes of the outbreak. There is genetic diversity among the epidemic strains.

Identification and analysis of 2 Corynebacterium diphtheria strains in Guangdong Province / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To identify and analyze two strains of C. diphtheriae in Guangdong Province by combining whole genome sequencing with traditional detection methods. Methods: The C. diphtheriae was isolated from Guangzhou in 2010 and Zhuhai in 2020 respectively. Isolates were identified by API Coryne strips and MALDI-TOF-MS. Genomic DNA was sequenced by using Illumina. The assembly was performed for each strain using CLC software. J Species WS online tool was used for average nucleoside homology identification, then narKGHIJ and tox gene were detected by NCBI online analysis tool BLSATN. MEGA-X was used to build a wgSNP phylogenetic tree. Results: GD-Guangzhou-2010 was Belfanti and GD-Zuhai-2020 was Gravis. ANIb between GD-Guangzhou-2010 and C. belfantii was 99.61%. ANI between GD-Zhuhai-2020 and C. diphtheriae was 97.64%. BLASTN results showed that the nitrate reduction gene narKGHIJ and tox gene of GD-Guangzhou-2010 was negative, while GD-Zhuhai-2020 nitrate reduction gene narKGHIJ was positive. There were two obvious clades in wgSNP phylogenetic tree. The first clades included all Mitis and Gravis types strains as well as GD-Zhuhai-2020. The second clades contained all isolates of C.belfantii, C.diphtheriae subsp. lausannense and GD-guangzhou-2010. Conclusion: Two non-toxic C. diphtheriae strains are successfully isolated and identified. The phylogenetic tree suggests that GD-Guangzhou-2010 and GD-Zhuhai-2020 are located in two different evolutionary branches.

The gut microbial metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via mitigation of macrophage pro-inflammatory activity in mice

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a serious complication that occurs following shock and/or liver surgery. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are key upstream modulators of development of liver injury. Herein, we investigated the potential contribution of gut microbes to HIRI. Ischemia/reperfusion surgery was performed to establish a murine model of HIRI. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used for microbial analysis. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis were employed to study the host cell responses. Our results establish HIRI was significantly increased when surgery occurred in the evening (ZT12, 20:00) when compared with the morning (ZT0, 08:00); however, antibiotic pretreatment reduced this diurnal variation. The abundance of a microbial metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid was significantly higher in ZT0 when compared with ZT12 in the gut and this compound significantly protected mice against HIRI. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid suppressed the macrophage pro-inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. This metabolite inhibits histone deacetylase activity by reducing its phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase inhibition suppressed macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and diminished the diurnal variation of HIRI. Our findings revealed a novel protective microbial metabolite against HIRI in mice. The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part, via 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid-dependent immune regulation and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in macrophages.

META analysis of mobile bearing and fixed bearing unicondyle replacement for medial knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate of the clinical effects of mobile-bearing(MB) and fixed-bearing(FB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis by Meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#The literature on FB UKA and MB UKA in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, Cochrane and EMBASE database were searched by computer from January 2000 to April 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two authors were selected independently and the selected literature was evaluated for quality.After literature data were extracted, Review Manager 5.3 software was used to analyze knee function score, postoperative activity, revision rate, polyethylene wear rate, pad dislocation, aseptic loosening, postoperative pain, knee arthritis progression, mechanical shaft alignment of lower limbs, and imaging clarity line respectively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 13 literatures were included in this meta-analysis, including 2 randomized controlled studies and 11 cohort studies. A total of 1 871 patients were included, including 913 in FB UKA group and 958 in MB UKA group. Meta analysis results showed that:postoperative knee joint function score[MD=-0.84, 95%CI(-1.46, -0.21), P=0.008] and postoperative knee joint range of motion [MD=-1.51, 95%CI(-2.84, -0.18), P=0.03] in FB UKA group were better than those in MB UKA group. Compared with FB UKA group, MB UKA group had a higher lower limb mechanical axis alignment rate[OR=2.08, 95%CI(1.27, 3.39), P=0.003], and the wear rate of polyethylene [OR=0.11, 95%CI(0.01, 0.91), P=0.04] was lower. There were no differences between two groups in the renovation rate [OR=1.16, 95%CI(0.75, 1.80), P=0.50), liner dislocation rate[OR=3.78, 95%CI(0.93, 15.29), P=0.06], aseptic loosening [OR=2.11, 95%CI(0.81, 5.51), P=0.13], postoperative pain[OR=1.13, 95%CI(0.37, 3.43), P=0.83], osteoarthritis progression[OR=1.28, 95%CI(0.67, 2.47), P=0.46)and imaging radiolucent line[OR=1.62, 95%CI(0.09, 30.22), P=0.75].@*CONCLUSION@#FB UKA has a higher postoperative functional score and range of motion.MB UKA has more advantages in the correction of lower limb mechanical axis, and the wear rate of polyethylene is also lower. There was no significant difference between the two groups in revision rate, dislocation of the liner, aseptic loosening, postoperative pain, progression of osteoarthritis, and postoperative translucency.

Effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on oxidative stress response of hippocampus in rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy and relationship with Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on oxidative stress response of hippocampus in rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and the relationship with nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway.Methods:A total of 64 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=16 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), SAE group, SAE+ EA group and SAE plus sham EA group (SAE+ SEA group). In SAE+ EA group, Baihui, Quchi and Zusanli acupoints were stimulated for 30 min once a day for 5 consecutive days.Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture immediately after the end of the last EA.At 1 and 7 days after establishment of the model, the hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the expression of hippocampal Nrf2 mRNA was detected using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was determined by Western blot.At 3-7 days after establishment of the model, cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze test, and the escape latency and the target quadrant exploration time were recorded. Results:Compared with Sham group, the content of MDA was significantly increased and the activity of SOD was decreased at 1 and 7 days after establishment of the model, the expression of Nrf2 protein and mRNA and HO-1 was down-regulated at day 7 after establishment of the model, the escape latency was prolonged, and the target quadrant exploration time was shortened in SAE group ( P<0.05). Compared with SAE group, the content of MDA was significantly decreased and the activity of SOD was increased at 1 and 7 days after establishment of the model, the expression of Nrf2 protein and mRNA and HO-1 was up-regulated at day 7 after establishment of the model, the escape latency was shortened, and the target quadrant exploration time was prolonged in group SAE+ EA ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group SAE+ SEA ( P>0.05). Conclusion:EA pretreatment can reduce oxidative stress response of hippocampus in rats with SAE, and the mechanism may be related to activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

A retrospective study of electroacupuncture combined with Qingyi decoction as an adjuvant treatment for severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

The clinical data of patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit in our hospital from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into electroacupuncture combined with Qingyi decoction treatment group (acupuncture group) and conventional group according to whether the patients received electroacupuncture combined with Qingyi decoction treatment.A prediction model of treatment propensity score was established for paired screening, with 122 cases in each group.The acupoints such as Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, Hegu, Shangjuxu, Xiajuxu, and Taichong were selected, and then electroacupuncture treatment was performed after qi arrival using the manipulation technique, 1 or 2 times per day.Qingyi decoction was injected through the stomach and/or Qingyi decoction was given by coloclysis, 2-4 doses per day.The main outcome was the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the secondary outcome was the occurrence of complications and outcome of discharge.Compared with conventional group, the incidence of ARDS was significantly decreased, the time of mechanical ventilation was shortened, the incidence of renal dysfunction, score for acute physiology and chronic health score system, sequential organ failure score, and score for the severity of bedside acute pancreatitis were decreased, the rate of surgical intervention was increased, the total length of hospital stay was prolonged, and the fatality rate during hospitalization was reduced in acupuncture group ( P<0.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the onset time of disease (<1 week), a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, biliary pancreatitis and alcoholic pancreatitis, high fever, puncture and drainage were influencing factors for ARDS developed in the patients who received electroacupuncture combined with Qingyi decoction for treating severe acute pancreatitis.In conclusion, electroacupuncture combined with Qingyi decoction as an adjuvant treatment for severe acute pancreatitis can reduce acute lung injury, promote recovery, and decrease fatality rate.

Effect of electroacupuncture on synaptic damage to hippocampal neurons in rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on synaptic damage to hippocampal neurons in rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).Methods:A total of 48 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), SAE group, SAE+ EA group and SAE+ sham EA group (SAE+ SEA group). SAE was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized rats.Baihui, Quchi and Zusanli acupoints were stimulated with constant voltage (2/15 Hz) and disperse-dense waves for 30 min once a day for 10 consecutive days, and the stimulation intensity was defined as less than 1.5 mA causing slight muscle contraction at 2 days before operation in group SAE+ EA.In group SAE+ SEA, stimulating electrodes were placed at the points 5 mm lateral to the corresponding acupoints, but no electrical stimulation was applied.On day 14 after operation, the rats were sacrificed, and hippocampal tissues were obtained and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for examination of the pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, for determination of the expression of synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) (by Western blot), and for calculation of dendritic spine density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area (using Golgi staining) and pyramidal neurons counts. Results:Compared with Sham group, the expression of SYN and PSD-95 in hippocampus was significantly decreased, and the basal and apical dendrite spine density of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area was decreased in SAE group, the expression of PSD-95 was decreased, and the apical dendrite spine density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area was increased in SAE+ EA group, and the pyramidal neuron counts in the hippocampal CA1 area were reduced in SAE, SAE+ EA and SAE+ SEA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group SAE, the expression of SYN and PSD-95 was significantly up-regulated, the basal and apical dendrite spine density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area was increased and the pyramidal neuron counts were increased in group SAE+ EA ( P<0.05), the pathological damage of hippocampal CA1 area was alleviated and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group SAE+ SEA ( P>0.05). Compared with group SAE+ EA, the expression of SYN and PSD-95 was down-regulated, the basal and apical dendrite spine density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area was decreased, and the pyramidal neuron counts were reduced in SAE+ SEA group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which EA alleviates SAE may be related to reducing synaptic damage to hippocampal neurons in rats.

Anatomical controversies involved in radical resection of rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The concept of total mesorectal resection provides a quality control standard that can be followed for radical resection of rectal cancer, but some anatomical problems are still controversial. Compared with traditional open surgery, laparoscopic radical rectal surgery has better surgical vision, better neurological protection, better operating space. However, if the surgeon has insufficient understanding of the anatomy, collateral damage may occur, such as uncontrollable bleeding during the operation, postoperative urination and defecation dysfunction and so on. Based on the interpretation of the researches at home and abroad, combined with the clinical experience, we elucidate some associated issues, including anatomic variation of inferior mesenteric vessels, the controversy of inferior mesenteric artery ligation plane, the controversy of lymph node dissection in No. 253, the anatomical variation of middle rectal artery, and the anatomical controversy of lateral lymph node dissection in rectal cancer, in order to provide better cognitive process for the clinical front-line surgeons.

Arthroscopic surgery combined with platelet-rich plasma for meniscus injury:a Meta analysis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate clinical efficacy of arthroscopic with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in treating meniscus injury.@*METHODS@#From January 2015 to December 2019, clinical control study on repair meniscus injury by arthroscopic with PRP between arthroscopic were searched by PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane library, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Wanfang and VIP database. Literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Visual analogue scale(VAS) of knee joint and Lysholm score at 1, 6 and 12 months after opertaion between two groups were compared, and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at 3, 6 and 12 months after opertaion between twogroups were also compared.@*RESULTS@#Totally 9 literatures and 329 patients with meniscal injuries were screened, include 146 patients treated by arthroscopic with PRP and 183 patients treated by arthroscopic. There were no statistical differences in VAS between two groups at 1, 6 and 12 months after opertaion. There were differences in Lysholm score at 1 and 6 months after operation between two groups [@*CONCLUSION@#Arthroscopic with PRP for repair meniscus injury has short term efficacy of knee function and delay arthritis, while has similar effect in long term clinical efficacy and relieve pain.

Effect of staging treatment of / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of @*METHODS@#A total of 74 patients with RIF of thin endometrium type undergoing freeze-thaw embryo transfer were randomly divided into an observation group (37 cases) and a control group (37 cases). The patients in the control group were treated with freeze-thaw embryo transfer in hormone replacement cycle, and the estradiol valerate tablets were taken orally from the fifth day of menstruation, 2 mg per day. On the basis of the control group, the observation group was additionally treated with @*RESULTS@#The clinical pregnancy rate was 37.8% (14/37) in the observation group, which was higher than 16.2% (6/37) in the control group (@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of conventional medication,

Relationship between changes in Golgi apparatus morphological structure and endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between changes in Golgi apparatus morphological structure and endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods:Twenty healthy male C57BL/6J mice, weighing 18-20 g, aged 6-8 weeks, were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham) and endotoxin-induced ALI group (group ALI). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group ALI, while the equal volume of normal saline 0.5 ml was given instead in group Sham.The animals were sacrificed at 12 h after LPS injection and the lung tissues were taken for detection of the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), for observation of the pathological changes (using HE staining) and Golgi apparatus morphological structure (with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of expression of Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130), Golgin97 and mannosidase alpha class II member 1 (MAN2A1) and its mRNA (by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with group Sham, ROS content and the W/D ratio in lung tissues were significantly increased, GM130, MAN2A1, Golgin97 protein and its mRNA expression were down-regulate ( P<0.01), the pathological changes of lung tissues were accentuated, the Golgi cisternae was swollen, and Golgi fragments were dispersed in the cytoplasm in group ALI. Conclusion:The mechanism of endotoxin-induced ALI may be related to the changes in Golgi apparatus morphological structure.

Expression and Clinical Significance of MicroRNA-195 in Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-195 in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with DLBCL were selected from nearly four years in our hospital, and at the same time 30 healthy people with physical examination of the same period and with the same age in our hospital were choosed as control group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the miR-195 expression of the patients and controls, the relationship between miR-195 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of DLBCL and survival time of patients was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of miR-195 in DLBCL patients was significantly lower than that in the controls (P<0.001). The expression level of miR-195 closely related with tumor diameter, IPI score and Ann Arbor stage of patients with DLBCL. Overall survival(OS) time of DLBCL patients with highly expressed miR-195 was significantly longer than that of patients with low expression (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#miR-195 expression decrease in DLBCL patients, and miR-195 closely relates with tumor characteristics of patients with DLBCL. DLBCL patients with higher expression of miR-195 show longer overall survival time.

Relationship of plasma vitamin A levels between neonates and pregnant women in third trimester / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the correlation of plasma vitamin A (VitA) levels between neonates and pregnant women in third trimester.@*METHODS@#A total of 688 pregnant women were recruited in Yuanshi and Laoting counties of Hebei Province, from May to June 2009. Venous blood samples of women before delivery and cord blood samples of newborns were collected and measured for retinol (retinol concentration was used to reflect VitA level) using high performance liquid chromatography assay. According to venous blood plasma retinol concentration, maternal VitA nutritional status was divided into deficiency (<0.70 μmol/L), marginal deficiency (0.70-<1.05 μmol/L), and sufficiency (≥1.05 μmol/L). According to cord blood plasma retinol concentration, neonatal VitA nutritional status was divided into deficiency (<0.35 μmol/L), marginal deficiency (0.35-<0.70 μmol/L), and sufficiency (≥0.70 μmol/L); neonatal VitA relative deficiency was further defined as cord blood plasma retinol concentration lower than the 10th percentile. VitA placental transport ratio was defined as retinol concentration in the neonates divided by that in pregnant women. Multivariable fractional polynomials (MFP) model and Pearson correlation were used to study the dose-response relationship between maternal and neonatal plasma VitA levels, Logistic regression model to estimate the effect of maternal VitA nutritional status on neonatal VitA deficiency, and MFP model and Spearman correlation to describe the relationship between maternal VitA level and VitA placental transport ratio.@*RESULTS@#The average retinol concentration of the pregnant women was (1.15±0.30) μmol/L, and the prevalence of VitA deficiency and marginal deficiency were 4.5% and 37.8%, respectively. Average retinol concentration of the neonates was (0.78±0.13) μmol/L, and no neonates were VitA deficiency, 28.2% of the neonates were marginal deficiency. After multivariable adjustment, the VitA level of the neonates was positively and linearly related to maternal VitA level (pm=1, P<0.05), with the corresponding Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.13 (P<0.01). As compared with the women with sufficient VitA, those with VitA deficiency (crude OR=2.20, 95%CI:1.04-4.66) and marginal deficiency (crude OR=1.43, 95%CI:1.01-2.02) had higher risks to deliver neonates with VitA marginal deficiency; while the risks turned to be non-significant after multivariable adjustment. The pregnant women with VitA deficiency had higher risk to deliver neonates with relative VitA deficiency before and after multivariable adjustment (crude OR=3.02, 95%CI:1.21-7.50; adjusted OR=2.76, 95%CI:1.05-7.22). The maternal VitA level was negatively and non-linearly correlated with placental transport ratio (pm= -0.5, P<0.05), with corresponding adjusted Spearman correlation coefficient of -0.82 (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#There was a positive linear dose-response relationship between VitA levels of newborns and pregnant women in third trimester, indicating that neonatal VitA storing levels at birth was affected by maternal VitA nutritional status.

Role of HO-1-induced endogenous protection in LPS-caused apoptosis in rat alveolar macrophages: relationship with endoplasmic reticulum stress / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-induced endogenous protection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused apoptosis in rat alveolar macrophages and the relationship with endoplasmic reticulum stress.Methods:Alveolar macrophages of rats were randomized into 4 groups ( n=32 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), LPS group (group L), Con siRNA group and HO-1 siRNA group. Cells were cultured normally in group C, and 10 μg/ml LPS was added to the culture medium in the other three groups. Con siRNA and HO-1 siRNA transfection was performed at 48 h before adding LPS in Con siRNA and HO-1 siRNA groups. At 24 h of treatment with LPS, MTT method was used to measure the cell viability, flow cytometry was used to determine the cell apoptosis rate, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated kinase receptor-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), phosphorylated type I endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein kinase (p-IRE-1), phosphorylated stress-activated protein kinase (p-JNK) and caspase-12. Results:Compared with group C, the cell viability was significantly decreased, cell apoptosis rate was increased, and the expression of HO-1, GRP78, CHOP, p-PERK, p-IRE-1, p-JNK and caspase-12 was up-regulated in the other three groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group L, the cell viability was significantly decreased, cell apoptosis rate was increased, and the expression of HO-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of GRP78, CHOP, p-PERK, p-IRE-1, p-JNK and caspase-12 was up-regulated in group HO-1 siRNA ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in each parameter in group Con siRNA ( P>0.05). Compared with group Con siRNA, the cell viability was significantly decreased, cell apoptosis rate was increased, and the expression of HO-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of GRP78, CHOP, p-PERK, p-IRE-1, p-JNK and caspase-12 was up-regulated in group HO-1 siRNA ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism of HO-1-induced endogenous protection is related to inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and then reducing LPS-induced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages of rats.

Role of hippocampal HO-1 in electroacupuncture-induced reduction of lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury in mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of hippocampal hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in electroacupuncture (EA)-induced reduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain injury in mice.Methods:Twenty-four healthy adult C57BL/6J mice of both sexes, weighing 18-22 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), LPS-induced brain injury group (LPS group), LPS plus EA group, and LPS plus EA plus HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyria (ZnPP) group (LPS+ EA+ ZnPP group). A virus carrying calcium ion fluorescent probes was injected into and an optical fiber was implanted into the hippocampal CA1 region to record changes in the calcium fluorescence signals.Three weeks later, Baihui, Quchi and Zusanli acupoints were stimulated with constant voltage (2/15 Hz) and disperse-dense waves for 30 min once a day for 5 consecutive days, and the stimulation intensity was defined as less than 1 mA causing slight muscle contraction.ZnPP 50 μmol/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 12 h before each stimulation in LPS+ EA+ ZnPP group, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in the other groups.After the end of EA stimulation on the last day, LPS 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to induce brain injury.Open field tests were performed at 1 day after LPS injection to record the number of rearing and amplitude of neuronal calcium signals during rearing.Novel object recognition tests were conducted at 3 days after LPS injection, and the exploration index and amplitude of neuronal calcium signals while exploring novel objects were recorded.The mice were sacrificed after the end of behavioral testing, and the brain tissues were obtained and stained by Nissl, and the neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region were counted. Results:Compared with group C, the number of rearing and amplitude of calcium signals in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region during rearing were significantly decreased, the exploration index and amplitude of calcium signals in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region while exploring novel objects were decreased, and the neuron counts were reduced in LPS, LPS+ EA and LPS+ EA+ ZnPP groups ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with group LPS, the number of rearing and amplitude of calcium signals in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region during rearing were significantly increased, and the exploration index and amplitude of calcium signals in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region while exploring novel objects were increased in group LPS+ EA ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group LPS+ EA+ ZnPP ( P>0.05). Compared with group LPS+ EA, the number of rearing and amplitude of calcium signals in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region during rearing were significantly decreased, and the exploration index and amplitude of calcium signals in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region while exploring novel objects were decreased in group LPS+ EA+ ZnPP ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which EA reduces LPS-induced brain injury is related to the activation of the endogenous protective mechanism HO-1 in mice.

Importance of interdisciplinary joint training to professional degree postgraduate education of ophthalmology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Ophthalmology is interrelated with a variety of disciplines, and its features determine the need for interdisciplinary joint training of postgraduate students majoring in ophthalmology. The joint training can optimize the students' knowledge structures, enhance their innovation abilities and improve their overall qualities. However, there are still some factors restricting the interdisciplinary joint training in the existing education system. We propose to establish a full-time administrative management system, build a multidisciplinary communication platform, attach great importance to tutors' interdisciplinary researches, and establish dual mentor or multi-tutor training system. Moreover, a reasonable interdisciplinary evaluation system and various incentive mechanisms are advocated to improve the quality of postgraduate education in ophthalmology.

Genetic diversity analysis on cultivar and wild population of Rehmannia glutinosa based on ISSR markers / 中草药

Objective: To study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of cultivar and wild population of Rehmannia glutinosa and its relative species by ISSR molecular marker technique, and provide the reference for R. glutinosa germplasm protection and breeding. Methods: 106 samples including cultivar and wild population of R. glutinosa and its relative species were studied by ISSR-PCR markers. Nei's genetic diversity index (H) and other parameters of genetic information were calculated by POPGEN 32, and a cluster dendrogram of different samples was established based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) by NTSYS-pc software. Results: Seven ISSR primers generated 85 loci of which 83 loci were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphie bands (PPB) of all samples was 97.65%. Nei's genetic diversity index (H) and Shannon's information index (I) were 0.2659 and 0.4125. The percentage of polymorphie bands (PPB) of cultivar of R. glutinosa was 30.59%. The percentage of polymorphie bands (PPB) of wild population of R.glutinosa in Henan province was 83.53%. In the cluster dendrogram, all samples were clustered into seven groups at the level of Genetic similarity coefficient (GS) 0.67. Conclusion: The results of ISSR analysis revealed that the level of genetic diversity between wild populations of R. glutinosa was higher than that within cultivar populations of R. glutinosa. The genetic diversity among wild populations of R. glutinosa in Henan province was higher than other region, which was consistent with authentic producing areas of R. glutinosa in this area. The relationships of wild population of R. glutinosa had no obvious correlation with their geographical distribution pattern.