Signaling Pathways Related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a functional gastrointestinal disease， but it often causes extreme gastrointestinal discomfort and prolonged illness， which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The global incidence rate is increasing year by year. Clinically， western medicine mainly uses oral antispasmodics， secretagogues， and antidepressants， but there are many disadvantages such as adverse reactions and poor long-term efficacy. Therefore， finding an efficient and safe treatment method is an urgent problem to be solved. A large number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has definite curative and long-lasting effects on the treatment of IBS， which has become a hot research direction in recent years. By searching Chinese and foreign literature， it is found that electroacupuncture， moxibustion， Chinese medicine monomers， and compound decoctions are the main methods in the mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBS-related pathways， and their signaling pathways involve nuclear transcription factor kappa B （NF-κB）， transient receptor potential vanillin subfamily 1 （TRPV1）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine can repair intestinal inflammation， reduce visceral sensitivity， enhance intestinal mucosal barrier， and regulate intestinal motility by regulating this series of signaling pathways， thereby playing an important role in the treatment of IBS with multi-level， multi-link and multi-target characteristics. Based on the cell signaling pathways， this paper reviewed the research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBS， hoping to provide theoretical support and diagnosis and treatment ideas for the clinical treatment of IBS with traditional Chinese medicine.

Pharmacodynamics and mechanism of Zhuling Jianpi capsule on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the pharmacodynamic effects and mechanism of Zhuling Jianpi capsule(Zhuling) on 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis in rats.The experimental colitis model was established by enema with 2.5% TNBS.The rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Changyanning (180 mg/kg) group and Zhuling low-dose (40 mg/kg) group and Zhuling high-dose (120 mg/kg) group.After modeling,the rats were executed after 7 days of drug treatment.During this period,the disease activity status of the rats was observed,and the body weights of the rats were recorded daily.At the end of the experiment,the colonic tissues were obtained for the analysis of the expression of hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity,mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-10) were determined, and the levels of intestinal tight junction proteins and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured.The results showed that compared with model group, the administration of Zhuling significantly alleviated the weight loss and elevated the disease activity index (DAI) caused by TNBS, relieved the shortening, edema and pathological damage of colonic tissue, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, destruction of crypt and loss of goblet cells, decreased the MPO enzyme activity of colonic tissue, iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon, increased the levels of colonic tight junction protein (occludin, ZO-1), and decreased serum levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6,IL-1β).The results suggest that Zhuling administration ameliorates TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats by decreasing the level of inflammatory factors and increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins.This experiment could provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Zhuling.

Clinical application of kissing suture by single-channel endoscope after endoscopic full-thickness resection (with video) / 中华消化内镜杂志

Clinical data of 62 patients with gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (diameter ≥1 cm) who were treated with kissing suture by single-channel endoscope after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2017 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical value of kissing suture technique by single-channel endoscope in defect closure after EFR. All the post-EFR defects were successfully closed (100%). No postoperative anastomotic leakage or other serious complications occurred. The mean maximum diameter of lesions was 3 cm (ranged 1-7 cm), and 13 (21%) of them were greater than or equal to 5 cm.The mean number of clips used was 25.7 (ranged 7-78). The mean procedure time was 168 min (ranged 44-300 min), and the mean suture time was 63 min (ranged 13-211 min). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (ranged 4-12 days). Endoscopic reexamination 3-6 months after operation showed that all wounds healed well. Kissing suture method by single-channel endoscope is a safe, effective, easy and feasible for closing gastrointestinal defect after EFR.

Meta-analysis of macular microcirculation in patients with no diabetic retinopathy evaluated by OCTA / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: Meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the macular vessel density(VD)and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)areas in patients with no diabetic retinopathy(NDR)by using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA). This study aimed to investigate the microcirculatory characteristics of the retina in the early stage of diabetes.METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for publications from 1 January, 2011 to 5 January, 2021 on OCTA analysis of VD in different regions of the macular area in diabetic patients with NDR. Compare the differences in the superficial parafoveal VD(spafVD), superficial perifoveal VD(spefVD), deep parafoveal VD(dpafVD), deep perifoveal vessel density(dpefVD), superficial FAZ area and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)between NDR group and the normal control group(healthy population matched for the age at the same time and gender with patients in the NDR group).RESULTS: Thirteen publications with a total of 1 227 eyes(558 eyes in normal control group and 669 eyes in NDR group)were included in the study. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, NDR group displayed a significant decrease in spafVD(MD=-1.90, 95%CI: -2.43--1.37, P<0.00001), spefVD(MD=-1.29, 95%CI: -2.14--0.44, P=0.003), dpafVD(MD=-2.18, 95%CI: -2.69--1.67, P<0.00001)and dpefVD(MD=-2.37, 95%CI: -3.27--1.46, P<0.00001), with a more significant reduction in dpefVD, and superficial FAZ area(MD=0.04, 95%CI: 0.03-0.06, P<0.00001)was increased. There was no difference in BCVA(MD=0.00, 95%CI: -0.01-0.02, P=0.44)between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Capillary injury in the deep perifoveal region of the macular area is the earliest manifestation of retinal microcirculation disturbance in diabetic patients, and is also a key indicator for clinical follow-up of diabetic retinopathy.

Moxibustion regulates T-regulatory/T-helper 17 cell balance by modulating the microRNA-221/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 axis in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression is associated with the balance of T-regulatory (Treg) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, while the role of microRNAs (miRs) in regulating Treg/Th17 cell balance has not been clarified. This study aimed to assess whether moxibustion could regulate Treg/Th17 cell balance by modulating the miR-221/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) axis in the RA mouse model.@*METHODS@#A mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established in male DBA/1J mice. Twenty-two days after CIA induction, the mice received daily treatment with moxibustion for 12 times. Pathological scores were assessed according to the levels of synovial hyperplasia. The expression levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-17 and IL-10 were analyzed in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) splenocytes was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The expression levels of RA-related miRs and target genes were subsequently detected, and the target of miR-221 was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay.@*RESULTS@#It was revealed that moxibustion treatment decreased the pathological scores and downregulated the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17, while upregulated the expression level of IL-10. The Treg/Th17 cell balance was regulated by moxibustion treatment. The expression level of miR-221 was suppressed by moxibustion treatment. Furthermore, SOCS3 was found as the direct target of miR-221, which mediated the function of moxibustion by regulating the Treg/Th17 cell balance.@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion therapy regulated the Treg/Th17 cell balance by modulating the miR-221/SOCS3 axis in the RA mouse model.

Urethral configuration and mobility during urine leaking described using real-time transperineal ultrasonography

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to explore differences in the bladder neck configuration and segmental urethral mobility during the cough stress test (CST) in the supine and standing positions between women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI). @*Methods@#This prospective study included 100 control women and 100 incontinent women who had a CST with transperineal ultrasonography. The bladder neck configuration and urethral mobility were described in terms of urethral funneling, bladder neck descent (BND), retrovesical angle (RVA), urethral rotation angle, and urethral mobility at six points along the urethra (vectors 1 to 6). The two groups’ ultrasound findings in the two positions were compared. @*Results@#Valid data were collected from 78 control women and 90 women with SUI. Significant differences were found in age and body mass index between the two groups (P<0.01). Urethral funneling was found in 33 women (36.7%) with SUI and five continent women (6.4%) and altered little in the standing position. In the standing position, the mean RVA significantly increased (160° to 179°, P<0.001) in the SUI group; The mean vector of points 1 to 6 significantly increased in the control group (all P<0.001). The RVA, BND, and vectors 1 to 4 were significantly greater (all P≤0.01) in women with SUI than without, in both positions. @*Conclusion@#Urethral funneling was an intrinsic anatomical characteristic relative to SUI. Weak upper- and mid-urethral support and an unstable connection between the trigone and proximal urethra were the anatomical signs of SUI.

Advances in polydopamine-based drug delivery systems for tumor targeting / 药学学报

Polydopamine (PDA) is a novel type of polymer synthesized inspired by adhesion proteins in mussels. It has been widely used in tumor-targeting drug delivery systems due to its natural advantages such as good biocompatibility, excellent photothermal conversion performance, adhesion, high chemical reactivity and multiple drug release response mechanisms. This review summarizes the applications of PDA-based tumor-targeting drug delivery in recent years, hoping to provide references for designing a more reasonable and effective PDA-based multifunctional collaborative tumor therapy platform.

Efficacy and safety of blinatumomab in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Blinatumomab, as a novel bispecific antibody targeting CD19 and CD3, can induce T lymphocytes to precisely target CD19 positive B lymphocytes to apoptosis. At present, it is the only bispecific antibody approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies in China. Blinatumomab is effective in the treatment of newly diagnosed, relapsed/refractory, minimal residual disease positive patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) . It can improve the survival of the patients and is well tolerated. The further study of blinatumomab can provide theoretical basis and new ideas for induction therapy, salvage therapy and subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with B-ALL.

Analysis of the frontier and hotspot of screening technology for early lung cancer based on bibliometrics / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To reveal and demonstrate the hotspots and further research directions in screening technology for early lung cancer, and provide references for the future studies. Methods    Researches related to lung cancer screening from 2011 to 2021 in the Web of Science database were included. Biblioshiny, a bibliometrics program based on R language, was used to perform content analysis and visualization of the included literature information. Results    Researches related to lung cancer screening were increasing year by year. Six major cooperation groups were formed between countries. The current research hotspots in the field of early lung cancer screening technology mainly focused on the multi-directional fusion of radiographic imaging, liquid biopsy and artificial intelligence. Conclusion    Low-dose spiral CT screening is still the most important and mainstream method for the screening of early lung cancer at present. The combination and integration of artificial intelligence with various screening methods and the innovation of novel testing and diagnostic equipment are the current research hotspots and the future research trend in this field.

Effect of hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine for labor analgesia on hemodynamics, maternal and infant outcomes / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine on hemodynamics, maternal and infant outcomes in labor analgesia.Methods:From April 2018 to April 2020, 150 pregnant women with single full-term pregnancy undergoing labor analgesia in Meishan Hospital Affiliated of West China Hospital, Sichuan University were randomly divided into two groups, with 75 cases in each group. The control group was given ropivacaine for labor analgesia, while the observation group was given hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine for labor analgesia. The scores of visual analogue scale (VAS), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2) at the time of entering the room (T 1), after the first dose for 5 min (T 2), 10 min (T 3), after delivery for 30 min (T 4) and 60 min (T 5) were compared between the two groups. Results:The scores of VAS at T 2, T 3, T 4, T 5 in two group were decreased, and the scores of VAS in the observation group were lower than that in the control group: (5.12 ± 0.98) scores vs. (7.11 ± 1.10) scores, (4.39 ± 0.61) scores vs. (5.77 ± 0.75) scores, (3.12 ± 0.38) scores vs. (4.88 ± 0.91) scores, (2.12 ± 0.37) scores vs. (3.98 ± 1.11) scores, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of HR, MAP, SpO 2 in two groups at different time point had no significant differences ( P>0.05). There were no significant difference between the first stage of labor, the second stage of labor and the third stage of labor ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the 5 min Apgar score of newborns and the incidence of maternal adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine for labor analgesia effect is ideal, and has little impact on hemodynamics of patients, and will not increase the safety risk of mother and infant.

Oral stimulation combined with non-nutritional sucking to improve feeding in preterm infants: a meta-analysis / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of oral stimulation combined with non-nutritional sucking on premature infants feeding.Methods:From the establishment of the databases to December 14, 2020, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on oral stimulation combined with non-nutritive sucking in preterm infants. The gestational age (GA) of the infants was 26~37 w.The control group received routine nursing or sham treatment and the intervention group received oral stimulation and non-nutritional sucking on the basis of routine nursing. The intervention strategy included infant oral motor intervention and oral sensorimotor intervention. The literature were reviewed and the quality of RCTs evaluated. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 20 RCTs were included, including 1 316 premature infants (GA 26~36 w). Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significantly shorter duration of hospital stay ( WMD=-3.45, 95% CI -4.41~-2.50, P<0.001). Significant differences existed in the corrected GA of discharge ( WMD=-0.68, 95% CI -1.10~-0.26, P=0.001), the age of total oral feeding(TOF) ( WMD=-5.22, 95% CI -9.04~-1.40, P=0.007), corrected GA of TOF ( WMD=-1.02, 95% CI -1.40~-0.64, P<0.001) and the body weight on TOF day ( WMD=-59.75, 95% CI -114.55~-4.95, P=0.030). Conclusions:Oral stimulation combined with non-nutritive sucking can accelerate TOF and shorten hospital stay in premature infants. The procedure should be standardized and promoted as routine and standard care for premature infants.

Relationship between intestinal flora and intestinal barrier dysfunction in patients with sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between intestinal flora disorder and intestinal barrier dysfunction in patients with sepsis.Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted to include 10 patients with sepsis (sepsis group) admitted to the ICU of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from February 2017 to June 2017, 10 normal postoperative patients (non-sepsis group) admitted to the ICU of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University in the same period, and 10 healthy persons (control group) were served as controls. General information was recorded. Fecal samples of the three groups of experimental subjects were detected and analyzed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The venous blood of the sepsis and non-sepsis groups were collected and the levels of D-lactic acid and bacterial endotoxin in were measured by enzymatic method at the corresponding time points. The correlation between the levels of D-lactic acid and bacterial endotoxin and intestinal flora of patients with sepsis was analyzed.Results:The change consistency of pathogenic bacteria between clinical infection and intestinal pathogenic bacteria in patients with sepsis was observed and analyzed. Sputum culture of patients with sepsis was Acinetobacter baumannii (corresponding patient number: S5, S6, S8), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (corresponding patient number: S6, S7), and Enterococcus (corresponding patient number: S7). In the intestinal flora of corresponding patients, the OUT abundance were increased. Patients with sepsis (corresponding patient number S7) showed E. coli in blood culture, and in his intestinal flora the OUT abundance was increased. Correlation analysis showed that the serum D-lactic acid level was negatively correlated with the proportion of Firmicutes in intestinal flora in the non-sepsis and sepsis groups, while was positively correlated with the proportion of Firmicutes (r value: -0.532, 0.468, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The gut microbiota dysbiosis is correlated with intestinal barrier function in sepsis patients with sepsis. The spread of pathogenic bacteria between clinical infection and intestinal bacteria in sepsis patients has potential consistency.

Clinical study of Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of cancer-related depression / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of liver qi and spleen deficiency syndrome on cancer related depression (CRD).Methods:A total of 63 patients with cancer related depression from our hospital during September 2018 to October 2019 were divided into observation group (42 cases) and control group (21 cases) according to the ratio of 2 :1. The observation group was applied with Chaihu Shugan Powder, while the control group was given placebo agent of Chaihu-Shugan with 2% Chaihu-Shugan Powder and 98% dextrin. Both groups were treated continuously for 42 days. We used HAMD24 and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Symptoms Scale to evaluate both before and after treatment. Results:The total efficiency about depression in the observation group was 71.4% (30/42) while the control group was 14.3% (3/21). The difference was statistically significant ( Z=-4.22, P<0.01). After treatment, The HAMD scales of the observation group was 18.67±3.55 while the control group was 24.71±3.74 ( P<0.05). The total effective rate of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 71.4% (30/42) and that in the control group was 14.3% (3/21). There was significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-4.00, P<0.01). TCM Syndrome Score of observation group was 55.33±17.59 while the control group was 62.04±10.72( t=-2.00, P<0.05). Conclusion:Chaihu Shugan Powder can effectively improve the anxiety and depression of CRD patients with syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency.

Observation on the efficacy of CLAG regimen in treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of CLAG regimen (cladribine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) in treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:The clinical data of 30 patients with relapsed/refractory AML who were admitted to Suzhou Hongci Blood Disease Hospital from January 2018 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the efficacy and adverse reactions were observed.Results:Among 30 patients, 1 patient was not evaluated for efficacy due to treatment-related death. Among the 29 evaluable patients, 17 patients (58.6%) achieved complete remission (CR), 5 patients (17.3%) achieved partial remission (PR) and 7 patients (24.1%) had no remission (NR). One patient in low-medium-risk group achieved CR; the CR rate in medium-risk group was higher than that in high-risk group [68.8% (11/16) vs. 41.7% (5/12)], but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.250). Seven patients with M 5 achieved CR. Five patients with positive MLL gene rearrangement achieved CR. Among 6 patients with extramedullary invasion of leukemia cells, 4 patients achieved CR, and among them 3 patients with central nervous system invasion achieved CR. Among 6 patients with cladribine 3.5 mg·m -2·d -1×5 d, 1 patient died of infection after chemotherapy, 1 patient had NR, and the rest achieved CR. Among 24 patients with cladribine 5 mg·m -2·d -1×5 d, the CR rate in patients with cytarabine 2 g·m -2·d -1×5 d was higher than that in patients with cytarabine 1 g·m -2·d -1×5 d [70.0% (7/10) vs. 42.9% (6/14)], but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.240). All patients developed grade Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy. 12 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after CR, and 9 patients were still alive. Conclusions:CLAG regimen is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML. In order to improve the prognosis, allo-HSCT should be performed as soon as possible after CR.

Study on the mechanism of Poria cocos polysaccharides on the regulation of gluconeogenesis in liver of type 2 diabetic mellitus model rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of Poria cocos polysaccharides on the regulation of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）model rats by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/forked box transcription factor O 1（FoxO1）pathway. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group （no modeling ，no administration），model group （modeling，no administration ），metformin group （modeling，200 mg/kg）and P. cocos polysaccharide low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups （modeling，100，200，400 mg/kg），8 in each group. Except for blank control group ， other groups were given high fat diet combined with streptozotocin to construct the model of T 2DM rats. At the same time ， administration groups were given relevant dose of medicine intragastrically ，and blank control group and model group were given constant volume of water intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 42 days. During the experiment ，general condition and bodyweight of rats were observed every day ；fasting blood glucose （FBG）of rats were collected ，and oral glucose tolerance test were conducted and area under curve （AUC）was calculated the day before last administration. After last medication ，the heart ，liver， kidney organ index were calculated ；the levels of HbA 1c，TC，TG，MDA，SOD，GSH-Px and hepatic glycogen content were detected. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver and pancreatic tissue ，and the pathological grade score was calculated. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expressions of p-PI 3K，p-Akt，p-FoxO1， PEPCK and G 6Pase in liver tissues. RESULTS Compared with blank control group ，the rats of model group suffered cc1965@163.com from polydipsia ，polyphagia and polyuria ；the body weight ， the levels of SOD and GSH-Px ，the protein expressions of p-PI 3K，p-Akt and p-FoxO 1 were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）；liver and kidney organ index ，blood glucose level at 0，0.5 and 2 hours after intragastric administration of glucose solution ，AUC， FBG，HbA1c，serum levels of MDA ，TC，TG and hepatic glycogen content ，liver and pancreatic pathological grade score ，the protein expressions of PEPCK and G 6Pase were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，the general condition of rats in P. cocos polysaccharide groups were all improved ，and all of above indicators had been reversed to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS P. cocos polysaccharide can downregulate protein expressions of PEPCK and G 6Pase which are key enzymes of gluconeogenesis ，inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis ，effectively decrease blood glucose levels and regulate glucolipid metabolism in T 2DM model rats by weakening oxidative stress and upregulating PI 3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway.

Clinical and laboratory features compared between JAK2 exon12 and JAK2 V617F mutated polycythemia vera / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To compare clinical and laboratory features between JAK2 exon12 and JAK2 V617F mutated polycythemia vera (PV) . Method: We collected data from 570 consecutive newly-diagnosed subjects with PV and JAK2 mutation, and compared clinical and laboratory features between patients with JAK2 exon12 and JAK2 V617F mutation. Results: 543 (95.3%) subjects harboured JAK2 V617F mutation (JAK2 V617F cohort) , 24 (4.2%) harboured JAK2 exon12 mutations (JAK2 exon12 cohort) , and 3 (0.5%) harboured JAK2 exon12 and JAK2 V617F mutations. The mutations in JAK2 exon12 including deletion (n=10, 37.0%) , deletion accompanied insertion (n=10, 37.0%) , and missense mutations (n=7, 25.9%) . Comparing with JAK2 V617F cohort, subjects in JAK2 exon12 cohort were younger [median age 50 (20-73) years versus 59 (25-91) years, P=0.040], had higher RBC counts [8.19 (5.88-10.94) ×10(12)/L versus 7.14 (4.11-10.64) ×10(12)/L, P<0.001] and hematocrit [64.1% (53.7-79.0%) versus 59.6% (47.2%-77.1%) , P=0.001], but lower WBC counts [8.29 (3.2-18.99) ×10(9)/L versus 12.91 (3.24-38.3) ×10(9)/L, P<0.001], platelet counts [313 (83-1433) ×10(9)/L versus 470 (61-2169) ×10(9)/L, P<0.001] and epoetin [0.70 (0.06-3.27) versus 1.14 (0.01-10.16) IU/L, P=0.002] levels. We reviewed bone marrow histology at diagnosis in 20 subjects with each type of mutation matched for age and sex. Subjects with JAK2 exon12 mutations had fewer loose megakaryocyte cluster (40% versus 80%, P=0.022) compared with subjects with JAK2 V617F. The median follow-ups were 30 months (range 4-83) and 37 months (range 1-84) for cohorts with JAK2 V617F and JAK2 exon12, respectively. There was no difference in overall survival (P=0.422) and thrombosis-free survival (P=0.900) . Conclusions: Compared with patients with JAK2 V617F mutation, patients with JAK2 exon12 mutation were younger, and had more obvious erythrocytosis and less loose cluster of megakaryocytes.

Cloning and function analysis of chalcone isomerase gene and chalcone synthase gene in Lonicera macranthoides / 中国中药杂志

In order to explore the functions of genes of key rate-limiting enzymes chalcone isomerase(CHI) and chalcone synthase(CHS) in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Lonicera macranthoides, this study screened and cloned the cDNA sequences of CHI and CHS genes from the transcriptome data of conventional variety and 'Xianglei' of L. macranthoides. Online bioinformatics analysis software was used to analyze the characteristics of the encoded proteins, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of CHI and CHS in different parts of the varieties at different flowering stages. The content of luteo-loside was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and the correlation with the expression of the two genes was analyzed. The results showed that the CHI and CHS of the two varieties contained a 627 bp and 1170 bp open reading frame(ORF), respectively, and the CHI protein and CHS protein were stable, hydrophilic, and non-secretory. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that CHI and CHS of the two varieties were differentially expressed in stems and leaves at different flowering stages, particularly the key stages. Based on HPLC data, luteoloside content was in negative correlation with the relative expression of the genes. Thus, CHI and CHS might regulate the accumulation of flavonoids in L. macranthoides, and the specific functions should be further studied. This study cloned CHI and CHS in L. macranthoides and analyzed their expression for the first time, which laid a basis for investigating the molecular mechanism of the differences in flavonoids such as luteoloside in L. macranthoides and variety breeding.

Identification of microRNAs targeting vitamin D receptor and their effect on parathyroid hormone secretion in secondary hyperparathyroidism / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To identify the miRNAs targeting vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and their effect on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in secondary hyperparathyroidism.@*METHODS@#Primary parathyroid cells with secondary hyperparathyroidism were isolated by collagenase digestion and cultured. The miRNAs targeting VDR were screened by bioinformatics methods and full transcriptome sequencing, and dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between VDR and the screened miRNA. The effects of overexpression or inhibition of the candidate miRNA on VDR mRNA and protein expressions and PTH secretion were evaluated using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression levels of the candidate miRNAs and VDR mRNA in clinical specimens of parathyroid tissues were verified by qRT-PCR, and the expression of VDR protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#We successfully isolated primary parathyroid cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay verified the targeting relationship of hsa-miR-149-5p, hsa-miR-221-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-29a-5p, hsa-miR-301a-5p, hsa-miR-873-5p, hsa-miR-93-3p with VDR, and among them, the overexpression of hsa-miR-149-5p and hsa-miR-301a-5p significantly increased PTH secretion in the parathyroid cells. In patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, hsa-miR-149-5p was highly expressed in the parathyroid tissues (P=0.046), where the expressions of VDR mRNA (P=0.0267) and protein were both decreased.@*CONCLUSION@#The two miRNAs, hsa-miR-149-5p and hsa-miR-301a-5p, may promote the secretion of PTH in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism by down-regulating the expression of VDR gene.

Cultivation and characterization of primary human parathyroid cells from patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an cell model of hyperparathyroidism by isolation, in vitro culture, and identification of parathyroid cells from patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).@*METHODS@#The parathyroid gland tissues obtained from 10 patients with SHPT were dissociated by collagenase digestion for primary culture of the parathyroid cells. Morphological changes and growth characteristics of the cells were assessed by microscopic imaging and cell counting. The mRNA and protein expression levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), and glial cells missing 2 (GCM2) in the primary and passaged cells were determined by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Primary cultures of parathyroid cells were successfully obtained. The cells exhibited a high expression of PTH shown by immunofluorescence assay and had a population doubling time of approximately 71.61 h. PTH secretion in the second-passage (P2) cells was significantly lower than that in the primary (P0) and first-passage (P1) cells (P < 0.001). Despite a significant downregulation of CaSR mRNA (P=0.017) and protein (P=0.006) in P1 cells as compared with P0 cells, no significant differences were found in mRNA and protein expressions of PTH or GCM2 between the two cell generations.@*CONCLUSION@#Primary cultures of parathyroid cells isolated from SHPT patients by collagenase digestion show similar biological properties to the cells in vivo.

Dynamic changes of vestibular autorotation test in patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction during rehabilitation / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the dynamic changes of vestibular autorotation test (VAT) before and after vestibular rehabilitation treatment in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH). Methods: A retrospective study was carried out,48 patients who were diagnosed with UVH and under vestibular rehabilitation in department of otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled. Among them, there were 21 males and 27 females, with an average age of 46.9 years old, including 25 cases of Meniere's disease, 13 cases of sudden deafness with vertigo and 10 cases of vestibular neuritis. The course of disease ranged from 5 days to 10 years. Demographic characteristics, detailed case data and routine examination were collected for the patients. The horizontal gain/phase, vertical gain/phase, and asymmetry of VAT at different frequencies before and after vestibular rehabilitation were collected. The absolute value of the difference between the measured value of 2.0-5.9 Hz before and after rehabilitation and the standard value were statistically analyzed. Results: Before vestibular rehabilitation, the incidence of abnormal gain was 62.5% (30/48), the incidence of abnormal phase was 56.3% (27/48), and the incidence of asymmetry was 16.7% (8/48). After 4-6 weeks of vestibular rehabilitation, the incidence of gain abnormality was 22.9% (11/48), the incidence of phase abnormality was 31.3% (15/48), and the incidence of asymmetry was 12.5% (6/48).The horizontal gain at frequency of 2.0-3.9 Hz showed statistically significant difference compared with before vestibular rehabilitation (P<0.05), and the horizontal gain at frequency of 4.3-5.9 Hz showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05); the horizontal phase at 5.9 Hz showed that the difference was statistically significant (P=0.043), and there was no significant difference before and after rehabilitation treatment at 2.0-5.5 Hz (P>0.05); the vertical gain at 4.3 Hz showed the difference was statistically significant (P=0.020), and the remaining frequency showed no significant difference (P>0.05); No frequency of asymmetry and vertical phase showed the difference before and after rehabilitation was statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: VAT can be used to monitor the change trend of multiple frequency bands before and after vestibular rehabilitation in UVH, in order to provide reference for the formulation of personalized rehabilitation strategies.