Relaxation effects on fatigue and physical fitness in badminton athletes / Efeitos do relaxamento na fadiga e aptidão física em atletas de badminton / Efectos de la relajación sobre la fatiga y la aptitud física en atletas de bádminton

ABSTRACT Introduction: Badminton is characterized by a high amount of exercise and high intensity of work. Muscle pain and discomfort often occur throughout the game, so some relaxation training is necessary. Objective: Study the effect of relaxation training on recovery from sports fatigue and fitness recovery during badminton. Methods: Badminton training was conducted three times a week. The duration of the exercises of the experimental and control group students was the same. The experimental group adopted the relaxation training form, including stretching, aerobic, and other relaxation actions. The duration of relaxation training was 15 minutes, while the control group continued to use the traditional relaxation method. Results: Lactate in the experimental group showed a continuous downward trend, from 2.09 to 1.93 and then to 1.62; heart rate increased from 84.73 to 85.48, then decreased to 81.57, and finally increased to 85.62. The optimization effect was greater than in the control group. In the experimental group, the speed and strength of the athletes improved considerably. Conclusion: Relaxation training can improve athletes' fatigue, promoting body development and improving strength and speed in physical fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O Badminton tem como características uma alta quantidade de exercícios e uma elevada intensidade de trabalho. A dor muscular e o desconforto ocorrem frequentemente durante todo o jogo, portanto, algum treinamento de relaxamento é necessário. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento de relaxamento sobre a recuperação da fadiga esportiva e a recuperação da aptidão física durante a prática de badminton. Métodos: O treinamento no badminton foi realizado três vezes por semana. A duração dos exercícios dos alunos do grupo experimental e do grupo de controle foi a mesma. O grupo experimental adotou a forma de treinamento de relaxamento, incluindo alongamento, aeróbico e outras ações de relaxamento. A duração do treinamento de relaxamento foi de 15 minutos, enquanto o grupo de controle continuou a usar o método tradicional de relaxamento. Resultados: O ácido láctico no grupo experimental apresentou uma tendência contínua de queda, de 2,09 para 1,93 e depois para 1,62; a frequência cardíaca aumentou de 84,73 para 85,48, e em seguida diminuiu para 81,57, e finalmente aumentou para 85,62. O efeito de otimização foi superior ao do grupo de controle. No grupo experimental, a velocidade e a força dos atletas melhoraram consideravelmente. Conclusão: O treinamento de relaxamento pode melhorar a fadiga dos atletas, promovendo o desenvolvimento do corpo e melhorando a força e velocidade na preparação física. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El bádminton tiene como características una gran cantidad de ejercicio y una elevada intensidad de trabajo. A menudo se producen dolores y molestias musculares a lo largo del partido, por lo que es necesario realizar algún entrenamiento de relajación. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento de relajación en la recuperación de la fatiga deportiva y la recuperación de la forma física durante el bádminton. Métodos: El entrenamiento en bádminton se realizó tres veces por semana. La duración de los ejercicios de los alumnos del grupo experimental y del grupo de control fue la misma. El grupo experimental adoptó la forma de entrenamiento de relajación que incluía estiramientos, ejercicios aeróbicos y otras acciones de relajación. La duración del entrenamiento de relajación fue de 15 minutos, mientras que el grupo de control siguió utilizando el método de relajación tradicional. Resultados: El ácido láctico en el grupo experimental mostró una tendencia descendente continua, de 2,09 a 1,93 y luego a 1,62; la frecuencia cardíaca aumentó de 84,73 a 85,48, luego descendió a 81,57 y finalmente aumentó a 85,62. El efecto de optimización fue mayor que en el grupo de control. En el grupo experimental, la velocidad y la fuerza de los atletas mejoraron considerablemente. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de relajación puede mejorar la fatiga de los atletas, favoreciendo el desarrollo corporal y mejorando la fuerza y la velocidad en el acondicionamiento físico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Relaxation training effects on the muscular and technical level of athletes / Efeitos do treinamento de relaxamento a nível muscular e técnico dos atletas / Efectos del entrenamiento de relajación en el nivel muscular y técnico de los deportistas

ABSTRACT Introduction The current teaching of athletes focuses mainly on gaining their skills, often neglecting the beneficial impacts of relaxation on the overall physical quality of its students. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between muscle relaxation training and athletic performance is important. Objective Explore the effect of relaxation training on running athletes' technical and muscular levels. Methods A comparative experiment was conducted on 40 male and female runners, randomly divided into two groups. Before training, the athletes in the experimental group received relaxation training through the breath regulation method, muscle relaxation method, and independent training method, with 60 minutes in each session, for 6 months. Results Based on the assumption that there was no significant difference in the initial physical indices, the athletes in the experimental group performed better in 100m, 200m, and 300m than those in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Adequate relaxation training positively affects athletes' muscular endurance and technical level. Therefore, an adequate increase in relaxation training is shown to be conducive in improving the overall physical quality and competitive level of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O ensino atual dos atletas foca-se principalmente no ganho de suas habilidades, negligenciando muitas vezes os impactos benéficos do relaxamento na qualidade física geral de seus alunos. Portanto, é de grande importância esclarecer a relação entre o treinamento de relaxamento muscular e o desempenho atlético. Objetivo Explorar o efeito do treinamento de relaxamento sobre o nível técnico e muscular dos atletas de corrida. Métodos Uma experiência comparativa foi realizada em 40 corredores masculinos e femininos, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Antes do treinamento, os atletas do grupo experimental receberam treinamento de relaxamento através do método de regulação da respiração, método de relaxamento muscular e método de treinamento independente, com um total de 60 minutos de duração em cada sessão, por 6 meses. Resultados Partindo da premissa de que não houve diferença significativa nos índices físicos iniciais, os atletas do grupo experimental tiveram melhor desempenho em 100m, 200m e 300m do que os do grupo controle, e a diferença entre os dois grupos foi significativa (P < 0,05). Conclusão O treinamento de relaxamento adequado tem um efeito positivo sobre a resistência muscular e o nível técnico dos atletas. Portanto, o aumento adequado do treinamento de relaxamento mostra-se propício na melhoria da qualidade física geral e no nível competitivo dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La enseñanza actual de los deportistas se centra principalmente en la ganancia de sus habilidades, descuidando muchas veces los impactos beneficiosos de la relajación en la calidad física general de sus alumnos. Por lo tanto, es de gran importancia aclarar la relación entre el entrenamiento de relajación muscular y el rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo Explorar el efecto del entrenamiento de relajación en el nivel técnico y muscular de los atletas que corren. Métodos Se realizó un experimento comparativo con 40 corredores masculinos y femeninos, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Antes del entrenamiento, los atletas del grupo experimental recibieron un entrenamiento de relajación mediante el método de regulación de la respiración, el método de relajación muscular y el método de entrenamiento independiente, con una duración total de 60 minutos en cada sesión, durante 6 meses. Resultados Partiendo de la base de que no había diferencias significativas en los índices físicos iniciales, los atletas del grupo experimental obtuvieron mejores resultados en 100m, 200m y 300m que los del grupo de control, y la diferencia entre los dos grupos fue significativa (P < 0,05). Conclusión Un entrenamiento de relajación adecuado tiene un efecto positivo en la resistencia muscular y el nivel técnico de los atletas. Por lo tanto, el aumento adecuado del entrenamiento de relajación se muestra propicio para mejorar la calidad física general y el nivel competitivo de los deportistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Role of inflammation and apoptosis in right ventricular dysfunction induced by injurious mechanical ventilation in rats / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate whether myocardial inflammation and apoptosis are involved in right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) induced by injurious mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (VT) in rats.Methods:Total 30 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (CON group), the low VT ventilation group (LVT group) and the injurious mechanical ventilation group (HVT group), with 10 rats in each group. The CON group was maintained spontaneous breathing, the LVT group and HVT group were ventilated with different VT 6 mL/kg and 20 mL/kg for 4 hours, respectively. The right jugular vein and the left carotid artery were catheterized and connected with the PowerLab biological signal acquisition and analysis system to record heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the maximum rate of rising of right ventricular pressure (+dp/dt max). Echocardiography was performed to measure left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDd), tricuspid annulus plane systolic migration (TAPSE) and myocardial performance index (MPI). The rats were sacrified by cervical dislocation. Specimens of right ventricle tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and morphological changes of right ventricle tissues were observed under light microscope. Real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-3, apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2.Results:HR, MAP, +dp/dt max gradually decreased, while RVSP gradually increased in different group with the increase of VT ventilation. There was no significant difference between the CON group and LVT group. However, there was a statistically significant difference with respect to these index in HVT group as compared to CON group and LVT group [HR (bpm): 397.6±5.7 vs. 433.0±4.8, 441.6±7.8; MAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 102.0±2.4 vs. 108.5±2.2, 110.6±2.1; +dp/dt max (mmHg/s): 2 357.65±62.80 vs. 2 661.27±55.62, 2 679.43±75.13; RVSP (mmHg): 28.8±1.0 vs. 22.6±10.8, 21.9±0.4; all P < 0.05]. Echocardiography findings showed that RVEDd/LVEDd and MPI gradually increased, TAPSE gradually decreased in different group with the increase of VT ventilation. There was no significant difference between the LVT group and CON group. However, there was a statistically significant difference with respect to these indexes in HVT group as compared to the CON group and LVT group [RVEDd/LVEDd: 0.36±0.02 vs. 0.26±0.01, 0.23±0.02; MPI: 1.23±0.03 vs. 0.84±0.04, 0.86±0.03; TAPSE (mm): 1.65±0.03 vs. 1.88±0.02, 1.91±0.04; all P < 0.05]. Histopathological observation of the right ventricle tissue showed that myocardial cells of the rats in the CON group were orderly arranged and uniformed in size. In the LVT group, there was a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the myocardial interstitium, while in the HVT group, the myocardial cell arrangement was obviously disordered, the structure was obviously damaged, and more inflammatory cell infiltration was found. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3 and Bax in HVT group were significantly higher than those in the LVT group and CON group [mRNA expression (2 -ΔΔCt): IL-6 were 1.97±0.07 vs. 1.09±0.02, 1.02±0.03, TNF-α were 1.69±0.10 vs. 1.10±0.03, 1.05±0.04, caspase-3 were 1.82±0.09 vs. 1.08±0.02, 1.06±0.03, Bax were 2.19±0.14 vs. 1.07±0.03, 1.04±0.03; protein expression (gray value): IL-6 were 0.64±0.02 vs. 0.38±0.03, 0.31±0.04, TNF-α were 0.50±0.04 vs. 0.16±0.01, 0.15±0.01, caspase-3 were 0.58±0.02 vs. 0.29±0.01, 0.25±0.02, Bax were 0.50±0.03 vs. 0.21±0.01, 0.26±0.02; all P < 0.05], and the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 in the HVT group were lower than those in the LVT group and CON group [mRNA expression (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.23±0.05 vs. 1.43±0.05, 1.50±0.08; protein expression (gray value): 0.42±0.02 vs. 0.62±0.03, 0.65±0.03, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Myocardial inflammation and apoptosis may be involved in RVD induced by injurious mechanical ventilation.

The characteristics of nutritional intake and bone metabolism in preterm infants with very low birth weight and small gestational age / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the differences in nutritional intake and bone metabolism between small gestational age infant (SGA) and appropriate gestational age infant (AGA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.Methods:From January 2015 to January 2020, infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital immediately after birth and survived more than 4 weeks were retrospectively studied. The infants with GA<32 weeks, BW<1 500 g and small for gestational age were assigned into SGA group. Each SGA group infants were paired with an AGA infants The perinatal history was reviewed. Serum total calcium, blood phosphorus, blood magnesium, alkaline phosphatase and other nutritional intake indicators in the blood biochemistry were examined at 1 w, 2 w and 4 w after birth. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the relationship between nutritional intake and bone metabolism indexes.Results:A total of 80 cases were included in SGA group and AGA group, respectively. No significant difference existed in the incidence of hypophosphatemia within 2w after birth between the two groups ( P>0.05). SGA group had significantly lower incidence of hypophosphatemia at 4w than AGA group [36.3% (29/80 ) vs. 56.3% (45/80)]( P<0.05). SGA group showed significantly higher proportion of ALP>500 U/L cases than AGA group at 2 w and 4 w [16.3% (13/80) vs. 1.3% (1/80), 21.3% (17/80) vs. 2.5% (2/80)]( P<0.05). The two groups had similar serum magnesium level ( P>0.05). SGA group had higher incidence of delayed milk feeding [67.5% (54/80) vs. 26.2% (21/80)], longer parenteral nutrition duration [(49.4±14.4)d vs. (40.5±18.2)d] and slower increase of calorie intake and enteral nutrition than AGA group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Among VLBW preterm infants, SGA infants have worse nutritional intake than AGA and are more vulnerable to abnormal bone metabolism.

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016–2020

Objectives@#We described the trends and epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks from 2016 to 2020 in the Republic of Korea. @*Methods@#We investigated variables such as the outbreak setting, age of patients, vaccination status, and lesion count. The collected data were analyzed with the Cochrane-Armitage trend test and Kruskal-Wallis test. These statistical tests were performed using R ver. 4.0.3. @*Results@#The number of varicella outbreaks increased from 2016 to 2018; however, after a slight decrease in the number of outbreaks in 2019, the number fell sharply in 2020. The median size of outbreaks decreased from 8 to 9 cases during 2016−2019 to 6 cases in 2020. The median duration of outbreaks was 18 days during 2016−2017, 28 days in 2018, 29 days in 2019, and 15 days in 2020. Varicella outbreaks occurred most frequently in elementary schools, and vaccination coverage of patients increased from 89.4% in 2016 to 97.2% in 2019. The median age of patients with outbreak-related varicella decreased from 8 years in 2016 to 6 years in 2020. @*Conclusion@#Significant changes were observed in the age of patients with outbreak-related varicella. Ongoing monitoring of varicella outbreaks should be conducted. Further research will be needed to measure the disease burden of varicella and enable evidence-based policy decisions.

Prevalence of insomnia and anxiety among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jilin Province

The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted the mental health of healthcare providers at the frontline. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate the prevalence rate of anxiety and insomnia and identify associated risk factors among healthcare workers in Jilin, China, during the period from January 25 to February 25, 2020. Zung's Self-Reported Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale were used to diagnose anxiety and insomnia, respectively. Associated risk factors were identified through a multivariate logistic regression model. A total of 300 healthcare workers were invited and 236 completed the study. Of them, 234 (99.15%) were medical workers, 197 (83.47%) were working at frontline departments, and 159 (67.37%) were fighting against COVID-19. Fifty-seven respondents (24.15%) had anxiety (SAS index score ≥45) and 94 (39.83%) had insomnia (ISI score ≥8). Based on the multivariate analysis, contact with people from Hubei province during work (no vs not clear) [OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.10-0.61] and personal protective equipment (PPE) (not in place vs in place) [OR=6.22, 95%CI: 2.23-17.40] were significantly correlated with anxiety. PPE (not in place vs in place) was the only significant risk factor of insomnia [OR=10.56, 95%CI: 4.00-27.87]. The prevalence of anxiety and insomnia was high in our study, reflecting the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers. The unavailability of PPE in place was a significant risk factor of both anxiety and insomnia.

A Study on the Difference of Psychosocial Characteristics and Quality of Life according to the Type of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder / 정신신체의학

Objectives@#：The purpose of this study is to compare the psychosocial characteristics of patients diagnosed with functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) by classifying them into irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), functional constipation (FC), functional heartburn (FH) groups, and overlap group (two or more functional diseases) and to examine the factors associated with the quality of life (QoL) of patients with FGID. @*Methods@#：A total of 144 patients who were diagnosed with FGID were selected as the subjects. The demographical factors were investigated; Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean-Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), Korean version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (K-CTQ), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Korean Version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to evaluate the psychosocial factors. @*Results@#：TThe overlap group had a significantly higher K-BDI-II score (F=11.09, p<0.001) and K-BAI score (F=8.93, p<0.001) compared to other groups. In childhood trauma, the IBS patients had a difference in emotional neglect (F=2.54, p=0.04) than the FD patients. The QoL of FGID patients had a negative correlation with depression (r=-0.196, p<0.01), anxiety (r=-0.235, p<0.01), and childhood trauma (r=-0.222, p<0.01), and a positive correlation with social support (r=0.512, p<0.01) and resilience (r=0.581, p<0.01). @*Conclusions@#：Overlap group had a higher level of depression and anxiety, and the IBS patient group had a higher level of emotional neglect than the FD patient group in terms of childhood trauma.

Safety-II and Resilience Engineering in a Nutshell: An Introductory Guide to Their Concepts and Methods

Background@#Traditional safety concept, which is called Safety-I, and its relevant methods and models have much contributed toward enhancing the safety of industrial systems. However, they have proved insufficient to be applied to complex socio-technical systems. As an alternative, Safety-II and resilience engineering have emerged and gained much attention for the last two decades. However, it seems that safety professionals have still difficulty understanding their fundamental concepts and methods. Accordingly, it is necessary to offer an introductory guide to them that helps safety professionals grasp them correctly in consideration of their current practices. @*Methods@#This article firstly explains the limitations of Safety-I and how Safety-II can resolve them from the four points of view. Next, the core concepts of resilience engineering and Functional Resonance Analysis Method are described. @*Results@#Workers' performance adjustment and performance variability due to it should be the basis for understanding human-related accidents in socio-technical systems. It should be acknowledged that successful and failed work performance have the same causes. However, they are not well considered in the traditional safety concept; in contrast, Safety-II and resilience engineering have conceptual bases and practical approaches to reflect them systematically. @*Conclusion@#It is necessary to move from a find-and-fix and reactive approach to a proactive approach to safety management. Safety-II and resilience engineering give a set of useful concepts and methods for proactive safety management. However, if necessary, Safety-I methods need to be properly used for situations where they can still be useful as well.

Trends in recent waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks in South Korea, 2015–2019

Objectives@#This study analyzed trends in foodborne and waterborne diseases in South Korea between 2015 and 2019. @*Methods@#The data consisted of information on outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne infectious diseases reported through the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(KCDC) system. We analyzed the trends and epidemiological aspects of outbreaks by month, place of occurrence, and causative pathogens in this observational study. @*Results@#The number of outbreaks has steadily increased over the last 5 years, but the number of cases per outbreak has followed a decreasing trend. Incidence at daycare centers and preschools has been steadily increasing over consecutive years. @*Conclusion@#The steady number of patients and decreasing number of cases per outbreak,even as the number of outbreaks has been increasing, suggest that the KCDC’s professional management system is operating effectively. It is necessary to continue improving the objectivity and efficiency of the management system and to carefully examine the increasing number of outbreaks in smaller-scale group catering facilities, such as daycare centers and preschools. Outbreaks can be prevented by closely examining those caused by unidentified pathogens and group outbreaks caused by other diseases, identifying problems, and supplementing the management system.

Case-control study on the Endobutton plate and clavicular hook plate for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical efficacy and complications of Endobutton titanium plate and clavicle hook plate in the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation.@*METHODS@#Total 48 patients with Rockwood Ⅲ to Ⅴ acromioclavicular joint dislocation from March 2015 to May 2019 were retrospectively divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. Among the patients, 23 patients were treated with Endobutton loop titanium plate fixation (observation group), including 15 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 23 to 59 years old, with an average of(36.2±8.1) years old;Rockwood type Ⅲ in 6 cases, type Ⅳ in 11 cases and type Ⅴ in 6 cases. Twenty-five patients were treated with clavicular hook plate(control group), including 17 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 22 to 54 years old, with an average of (34.7±6.4) years old; Rockwood type Ⅲ in 6 cases, type Ⅳ in 14 cases and type Ⅴ in 5 cases. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, Constant-Murley score of shoulder function and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 24 to 51 months, with a mean of (30.5±6.5) months. The amountof bleeding and hospitalization time in the observation group were (71.9±4.0) ml and(8.2±1.6) d respectively;and those in the control group were (97.6±13.4) ml and (12.8±1.2) d respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with clavicular hook plate internal fixation in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, Endobutton loop titanium plate internal fixation technology has the advantages of less surgical bleeding, shorter hospitalization time, less postoperative pain, good recovery of shoulder joint function and less complications.

Perirectal fascial anatomy and pelvic autonomic nerve preservation during the transanal total mesorectal excision / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The difficulty of transanal total mesorectal excision (TME) is to find the correct dissection plane of perirectal space. As a complex new surgical procedure, the fascial anatomic landmarks of transanal approach operation are more likely to be ignored. It is often found that dissection plane is false after the secondary injury occurs during the operation, which results in the damage of pelvic autonomic nerves. Meanwhile, the mesorectum is easily damaged if the dissection plane is too close to the rectum. Thus, the safety of oncologic outcomes could be limited by difficulty achieving adequate TME quality. The promotion and development of the theory of perirectal fascial anatomy provides a new thought for researchers to design a precise approach for transanal endoscopic surgery. Transanal total mesorectal excision based on fascial anatomy offers a solution to identify the transanal anatomic landmarks precisely and achieves pelvic autonomic nerve preservation. In this paper, the authors focus on the surgical experience of transanal total mesorectal excision based on the theory of perirectal fascial anatomy, and discuss the feature of perirectal fascial anatomy dissection and technique of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation during transanal approach operation.

Regulatory effect of mild moxibustion on P2X3 receptors in spinal cord, anterior cingulate cortex and thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus of rats with IBS visceral hyperalgesia / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of mild moxibustion on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) visceral hyperalgesiamodel rats and its regulatory effect on P2X3 receptors in the spinal cord, anterior cingutate cortex (ACC) and thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL). Methods: Thirty 8-day-old newborn rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=6) and a modeling group (n=24) according to the completely random number table method. Rats in the normal group were bred routinely, and those in the modeling group were subjected to preparing IBS chronic visceral hyperalgesia model using colorectal distention (CRD) in stimulation method. Rats successfully modelled were re-divided into a model group, a mild moxibustion group, a P2X3 receptor antagonist group, and a normal saline group according to the completely random number table method with 6 rats in each group. Rats in each group received corresponding interventions from the 37-day old, once a day for 7 consecutive days. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays were used to detect P2X3 protein expressions in the spinal cord, ACC and VPL of rats. Results: Under different intensities of CRD stimulation, the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores of the model group were significantly increased versus the normal group (all P<0.05); the AWR scores of the mild moxibustion group and the P2X3 receptor antagonist group were significantly reduced versus the model group (all P<0.01). The P2X3 protein expressions in rat spinal cord, ACC and VPL tissues of the model group were significantly increased versus the normal group (all P<0.01); the P2X3 protein expressions in rat spinal cord, ACC and VPL tissues of the mild moxibustion group and the P2X3 receptor antagonist group were significantly reduced versus the model group (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Mild moxibustion can inhibit the P2X3 receptor expressions in the spinal cord, ACC, and VPL tissues of IBS visceral hyperalgesia model rats, which may be the mechanism of mild moxibustion in relieving the central sensitization of rats with IBS visceral hyperalgesia.

Preoperative intravitreal Ranibizumab with panretinal photocoagulation followed by conventional trabeculectomy without drainage device for neovascular glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravitreal injection of ranibizumab(IVR)and panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)combined with conventional trabeculectomy without drainage device in patients with neovascular glaucoma(NVG).<p>METHODS: The charts of 27 patients(27 eyes)who presented with NVG in our hospital between August 2015 and November 2018 were reviewed. All eyes were treated using the standard protocol of IVR accompanied by PRP, followed by conventional trabeculectomy without drainage device. The main outcomes were intraocular pressure(IOP)control, change in best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), and surgical complications.<p>RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up periods for all patients were at least 18(mean 21.7±4.3)mo. The IOP significantly decreased from 45.7±5.1 mmHg(baseline)to 18.4±3.6 mmHg(last visit), and BCVA(LogMAR)improved from 2.42±0.68(baseline)to 1.77±0.93(last visit). The success rate was higher in eyes with peripheral anterior synechiae(PAS)≤50% than in those with PAS >50% after 3mo postoperatively. The main surgical complications were hyphema(11.1%)and hypotony with a shallow anterior chamber(14.8%)during the early postoperative stage, along with encapsulated bleb(37.0%)during the mid-late postoperative stage. Serious intraoperative or postoperative complications were not observed.<p>CONCLUSION: IVR and PRP combined with conventional trabeculectomy without drainage device is a safe and effective way in NVG treatment, especially for eyes with PAS ≤50%. Preoperative IVR and PRP appear to improve the success rate.

Safety-II and Resilience Engineering in a Nutshell: An Introductory Guide to Their Concepts and Methods

Background@#Traditional safety concept, which is called Safety-I, and its relevant methods and models have much contributed toward enhancing the safety of industrial systems. However, they have proved insufficient to be applied to complex socio-technical systems. As an alternative, Safety-II and resilience engineering have emerged and gained much attention for the last two decades. However, it seems that safety professionals have still difficulty understanding their fundamental concepts and methods. Accordingly, it is necessary to offer an introductory guide to them that helps safety professionals grasp them correctly in consideration of their current practices. @*Methods@#This article firstly explains the limitations of Safety-I and how Safety-II can resolve them from the four points of view. Next, the core concepts of resilience engineering and Functional Resonance Analysis Method are described. @*Results@#Workers' performance adjustment and performance variability due to it should be the basis for understanding human-related accidents in socio-technical systems. It should be acknowledged that successful and failed work performance have the same causes. However, they are not well considered in the traditional safety concept; in contrast, Safety-II and resilience engineering have conceptual bases and practical approaches to reflect them systematically. @*Conclusion@#It is necessary to move from a find-and-fix and reactive approach to a proactive approach to safety management. Safety-II and resilience engineering give a set of useful concepts and methods for proactive safety management. However, if necessary, Safety-I methods need to be properly used for situations where they can still be useful as well.

Trends in recent waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks in South Korea, 2015–2019

Objectives@#This study analyzed trends in foodborne and waterborne diseases in South Korea between 2015 and 2019. @*Methods@#The data consisted of information on outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne infectious diseases reported through the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(KCDC) system. We analyzed the trends and epidemiological aspects of outbreaks by month, place of occurrence, and causative pathogens in this observational study. @*Results@#The number of outbreaks has steadily increased over the last 5 years, but the number of cases per outbreak has followed a decreasing trend. Incidence at daycare centers and preschools has been steadily increasing over consecutive years. @*Conclusion@#The steady number of patients and decreasing number of cases per outbreak,even as the number of outbreaks has been increasing, suggest that the KCDC’s professional management system is operating effectively. It is necessary to continue improving the objectivity and efficiency of the management system and to carefully examine the increasing number of outbreaks in smaller-scale group catering facilities, such as daycare centers and preschools. Outbreaks can be prevented by closely examining those caused by unidentified pathogens and group outbreaks caused by other diseases, identifying problems, and supplementing the management system.

Lunch supply in public primary school canteens in Zhejiang Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate lunch supply of public primary school canteens in Zhejiang Province, and to provide a basis for the scientific guidance of school lunch.@*Methods@#During May to Jun. and Sept. to Oct. in 2019, lunch food supply was weighed and recorded and the number of diners in 44 public primary school canteens were summarized. Each investigation lasted for one week.@*Results@#Food was mainly based on the taste of the students (40.91%) in the school canteen. About 45.45% of the schools referred to the Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals for students meals when making recipes in the school canteen. The supplies of cereals, vegetables, fruits, livestock and poultry meat, fish and shrimp, eggs, milk, soybean nuts, vegetable oil and salt were 109.05, 118.01, 0, 63.96, 9.25, 11.31, 0, 10.68, 10.47, 2.54 g. The supply of vegetable oil was basically the same as the recommended amount ( P >0.05). The supplies of energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B 2, vitamin C, dietary fiber were 820.84 kcal, 32.79 g, 164.18 mg, 7.84 mg, 4.71 mg, 23.07 μgRAE, 0.41 mg, 0.35 mg, 20.47 mg, 2.34 g, 37.56% of energy from fat and 48.47% of energy from carbohydrate. The supply of vitamin B 1 was basically the same as the recommended amount ( P >0.05). There were no significant differences in all kinds of food and nutrients between urban and rural primary schools ( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Lunch supply is not optimistic in public primary school canteens in Zhejiang Province, with unreasonable structure and fails to agree with current nutritional recommendations. It is suggested that the scientific guidance of students meals should be carried out according to the survey results combined with the characteristics of local diet.

Novel MSX1 variants identified in families with nonsyndromic oligodontia / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

The goal of this study was to identify MSX1 gene variants in multiple Chinese families with nonsyndromic oligodontia and analyse the functional influence of these variants. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the causal gene variants in five families with nonsyndromic oligodontia, and a series of bioinformatics databases were used for variant confirmation and functional prediction. Phenotypic characterization of the members of these families was described, and an in vitro analysis was performed for functional evaluation. Five novel MSX1 heterozygous variants were identified: three missense variants [c.662A>C (p.Q221P), c.670C>T (p.R224C), and c.809C>T (p.S270L)], one nonsense variant [c.364G>T (p.G122*)], and one frameshift variant [c.277delG (p.A93Rfs*67)]. Preliminary in vitro studies demonstrated that the subcellular localization of MSX1 was abnormal with the p.Q221P, p.R224C, p.G122*, and p.A93Rfs*67 variants compared to the wild type. Three variants (p.Q221P, p.G122*, and p.A93Rfs*67) were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while p.S270L and p.R224C were of uncertain significance in the current data. Moreover, we summarized and analysed the MSX1-related tooth agenesis positions and found that the type and variant locus were not related to the severity of tooth loss. Our results expand the variant spectrum of nonsyndromic oligodontia and provide valuable information for genetic counselling.

Detection of EDA gene mutation and phenotypic analysis in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene mutation in patients with hypohidro-tic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), and to analyze the distribution pattern of missing permanent teeth and the systemic manifestation of HED patients with EDA gene mutation.@*METHODS@#Twelve HED families were enrolled from clinic for genetic history collection, systemic physical examination and oral examination. Peripheral blood or saliva samples were collected from the probands and the family members to extract genomic DNA. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were utilized to detect the EDA gene variations, which were compared with the normal sequence (NM_001399.5). The functional impact of EDA gene variants was then evaluated by functional prediction of mutation, conservation analysis and protein structure prediction. The pathogenicity of each EDA gene variation was assessed according to the stan-dards and guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The systemic phenotype and missing permanent tooth sites of HED patients with EDA gene mutations were summarized, and the missing rate of each tooth position was analyzed and compared.@*RESULTS@#Eight out of twelve HED families were identified to carry EDA gene mutations, including: c.164T>C(p.Leu55Pro); c.457C>T (p.Arg153Cys); c.466C>T(p.Arg156Cys); c. 584G>A(p.Gly195Glu); c.619delG(p.Gly207Profs*73); c.673C>T(p.Pro225Ser); c.676C>T(p.Gln226*) and c.905T>G(p.Phe302Cys). Among them, c.164T>C(p.Leu55Pro); c.619delG(p.Gly207Profs*73); c.673C>T(p.Pro225Ser); c.676C>T(p.Gln226*) and c.905T>G(p.Phe302Cys) were novel mutations. The HED patients with EDA gene mutations in this study were all male. Our results showed that the average number of missing permanent teeth was 13.86±4.49, the average number of missing permanent teeth in the upper jaw was 13.14±5.76, the missing rate was 73.02%. And in the lower jaw, the average number of missing permanent teeth was 14.57±3.05, the missing rate was 80.95%. There was no significant difference in the number of missing teeth between the left and right sides of the permanent dentition (P>0.05). Specifi-cally, the maxillary lateral incisors, the maxillary second premolars and the mandibular lateral incisors were more likely to be missing, while the maxillary central incisors, the maxillary and mandibular first molars had higher possibility of persistence.@*CONCLUSION@#This study detected novel EDA gene pathogenic variants and summarized the distribution pattern of missing permanent teeth of HED patients, thus enriched the variation and phenotype spectrum of EDA gene, and provided new clinical evidence for genetic diagnosis and prenatal consultation.

Analysis of the correlation between lymphocyte subsets and severity of corona virus disease 19 / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the differences in lymphocyte subsets in patients with different clinical classifications of corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19).@*METHODS@#Eighty-one patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the isolation ward under the responsibility of three medical aid teams in the Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from February 8, 2020 to March 28, 2020, were selected to collect clinical data. According to the relevant diagnostic criteria, the disease status of the patients was classified into moderate cases (n=35), severe cases (n=39) and critical cases (n=7) when lymphocyte subset testing was performed. Their blood routine tests, lymphocyte subsets and other indicators were tested to compare whether there were differences in each indicator between the patients of different clinical classification groups.@*RESULTS@#The differences in the absolute count of total lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, CD4+T-lymphocytes, CD8+T-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells among the three groups of patients were all statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the critical cases were significantly lower than the moderate and severe cases in the above indicators, and the indicators showed a decreasing trend with the severity of the disease. In 22 patients, the six indicators of the absolute count of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, CD4+T-lymphocytes, CD8+T-lymphocytes and NK cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio were all within the normal reference range in the first test, and 59 patients had abnormalities of the above indicators, with the absolute count of NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes decreasing most frequently (61%, 56%). The patients with the absolute count of NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes below the normal reference range were one group, and the remaining abnormal patients were the other group. There were more critical cases in the former group (moderate : severe : critical cases were 4 : 8 : 7 vs. 19 : 21 : 0, respectively, P=0.001), and all the deaths were in this group (6 cases vs. 0 case, P=0.001). The absolute B lymphocyte count was below the normal reference range in 15 patients, and the remaining 64 cases were within the normal range. The ratio of moderate, severe and critical cases in the reduced group was 4 : 7 : 4, and the ratio of critical cases was more in normal group which was 30 : 31 : 3, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.043).@*CONCLUSION@#The more critical the clinical subtype of patients with COVID-19, the lower the absolute count of each subset of lymphocytes.

Investigating Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction for Treatment of COVID-19 Based on Integrative Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Potential targets and pathways of Qingfei Paidu decoction（QFPD）for treating coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19） were analyzed based on the integrative pharmacology，the efficacy and material basis was predicted.This study provide a reference for the development and clinical application of QFPD. Method:Based on the integrative pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine（TCMIP V2.0），the key targets and pathways of the intervention of QFPD on COVID-19 were enriched，the interaction network of "formula-herb-disease-targets-pathways" was constructed to explored the molecular mechanism of QFPD for the treatment of COVID-19. Result:The research results show that key-targets such as cell tumor antigen p53（tp53），protein kinase B1（Akt1），Nuclear factor nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB）p105 subunit（NFKB1），nuclear factor p65 subunit（RELA），human NF-κB inhibited protein α（NFKBIA），ect.Closely associated with lung damage.The pathways such as interleukin signaling，adrenoceptors，7 members of the family of c-type lectin domains A（CLEC7A）/inflammasome pathway，phosphoinositide-3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）inflammatory signaling pathway，tp53 regulates transcription of DNA repair ect. may be the key pathways related with QFPD's effect on the treatment of COVID-19 accompany with lung injury， fever， cough and other symptoms.The results show that QFPD has many clinical effects， such as anti-inflammatory， anti-virus， strengthening immunity， inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis， protecting heart and lungs， treating asthma， regulating gastrointestinal tract， etc.In addition， there is a good synergism between the original prescription and the combined prescription， and each original prescription has its own emphasiscan prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion:QFPD plays a role in balancing immunity and eliminating inflammation，and it can treat COVID-19 by multi-pathway，multi-channel，multi-target and multi-link.This study also provides a new idea for the research of prevention and treatment of modern infectious diseases by use the traditional Chinese medicine.