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With continuous improvement of people's living standards, great efforts have been paid to environmental protection. Among those environmental issues, soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons has received widespread concerns due to the persistence and the degradation difficulty of the pollutants. Among the various remediation technologies, in-situ microbial remediation enhancement technologies have become the current hotspot because of its low cost, environmental friendliness, and in-situ availability. This review summarizes several in-situ microbial remediation technologies such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and integrated remediation, as well as their engineering applications, providing references for the selection of in-situ bioremediation technologies in engineering applications. Moreover, this review discusses future research directions in this area.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biodegradation, Environmental , Hydrocarbons , Petroleum , Soil , Soil Microbiology , Soil PollutantsABSTRACT
【Objective】 To investigate whether the psychological counseling nursing could alleviate psychological stress and reduce the incidence of adverse events in patients receiving advanced autologous apheresis (AAA) treatment. 【Methods】 A total of 253 patients who underwent AAA treatment in our department from September 2019 to February 2020 were studied and randomly divided into the observation group (n=127) and the control group (n=126). Other than the routine nursing, the patients in the observation group also received psychological counseling nursing. The scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to compare the psychological stress state and the incidence of adverse events between two groups, and the nursing satisfaction was evaluated by NSNS scores. 【Results】 The SAS and SDS scores in the observation group( after receiving counseling nursing as the psychological intervention) were 30.03±5.06 and 33.59±4.49, respectively, significantly lower than those in the control group (43.55±3.68 and 42.18±4.22, respectively) (P<0.05). The incidences of adverse events (convulsions not included) in the observation group and the control group were 11.8%(15/127) vs 26.2%(33/126) (palpitation and shortness of breath), 6.3%(8/127) vs 16.7%(21/126) (sweating), 8.7%(11/127) vs 23.8%(30/126) (dizziness and numbness in mouth), and 5.5%(7/127) vs 19.8%(30/126) (nausea), respectively (P<0.05). The total nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group was 98.4% (125/127), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (92.9%, 117/126) (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The psychological counseling nursing can effectively relieve the psychological stress of patients receiving AAA treatment and reduce the incidence of adverse events.
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Objective To study the protective effect of curcumin on precurosor oligodendrocytes (preOLs) damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),and explore its mechanism.Methods (1) In vitro primary culture ofpreOLs was performed; and 0 (normal controls),100,250 and 500 μmol/L H2O2 were added for 30 min; the apoptosis and death of preOLs were observed by Hoechst33342/PI double staining.(2) The preOLs were divided into normal control group,model group,and 5,10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin treatment groups; cells the later three groups were given 5,10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin for one h,and the later four groups were given 100 μmol/L H2O2 for 30 min; MTT assay was,then,employed to detect the cell viability.(3) The preOLs were divided into normal control group,model group,and 10 μmol/L curcumin treatment group; the apoptosis ofpreOLs was detected by Annexin V/FITC flow cytometry; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl2),Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9; activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by spectrophotometry.Results (1) As compared with those in the normal control group,significantly decreased number of normal healthy cells and statistically increased apoptotic and necrotic cells in the 100,250 and 500 μmol/L H2O2 treatment groups were noted (P＜0.05); 100 μmol/L H2O2 treatment group had larger number of apoptotic cells than that of necrotic cells,while 250 and 500 μmol/L H2O2 treatment groups had larger number of necrotic cells than that of apoptotic cells.(2) Cells from 5,10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin treatment groups had significantly higher preOLs viability than those from model group,and 10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin treatment groups had significantly higher preOLs viability than those from 5 μmol/L curcumin treatment group (P＜0.05).(3) As compared with the model group,the 10 μmol/L curcumin treatment group had obviously decreased apoptotic and necrotic cells,increased activities of T-SOD,GPx and CAT,increased GSH level and decreased MDA concentration,up-regulated Bcl-2 expression,and inhibited Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 expressions,with significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion Curcumin has protective effect on preOLs against oxidative injury through effectively reducing lipid peroxidation,regulating Bcl-2/Bax expression and suppressing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Periventricular leukomalacia is a major syndrome of premature infant brain injury, which has been not prevented and cured yet. Theoretically, neural stem cells which were transplanted into white matter with an absence of oligodendroglial cells might be an ideal method to cure periventricular leukomalacia. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the multi-lineage potential of neural stem cells for the use of intraventricular transplantation. METHODS: Cerebral cortex was obtained from 12-14-day fetal rats and sectioned into 1.0-mm~3 sections. The single cell suspension was separated and purified. The neurospheres were incubated with DMEM/F12 culture medium containing fetal bovine serum to observe primary and passage culture of neural stem cells. The differentiation of neural stem cells was determined using immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The viability of cultured neural stem cells was (94.3±2.2)%. The neurosphere was formed at day 3 after primary culture. The proliferation of neurosphere slowed down after 10-passage culture, and some cells became old. All neurospheres were positively Nestin-staining, thus they were considered as neural stem cells. A further incubation of 4-passage neurospheres, immunohistochemical method indicated that the neurosphere was positively GFAP, β-tublin, and O4 staining, respectively. This suggested that cultured neural stem cells are able to self-renew, proliferate, and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendroglial cells.