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Background: Small group discussion (SGD) is an established teaching-learning tools in medical colleges to impart a better understanding of the topics. Blunder lecture (BL) is an innovative approach to teaching and learning, placing students at the center and encouraging collaborative, peer-assisted learning. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the combined effect of BL and SGDs on multiple-choice questions (MCQs) score in pharmacology by comparing the MCQs score after the traditional SGDs approach and after a combined session of BL and SGDs. Materials and Methods: One hundred and two Phase II MBBS students participated in an educational interventional study in the Department of Pharmacology. Two sessions were conducted: First, SGD only; second, integrated BL and SGD on previously covered pharmacology topics in didactic lectures. Twenty deliberate mistakes (blunders) were incorporated in BL that span the hierarchy of bloom’s taxonomy’s cognitive domain. Theory and MCQs tests were performed after each session to assess the impact on scores. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the means of MCQs test scores of SGD alone and combined SGD + BL session (P < 0.05) after data analysis using a paired t-test. The mean difference of theory test scores of SGD alone and combined SGD + BL session was not statistically significant except cardiovascular system BL session. Conclusion: Combined session of BL and SGD was found to be an effective supplementing method in enhancing MCQs score that can be utilised to support undergraduate students’ learning.
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The present study was conducted to develop a simple and rapid quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for determination of baculovirus titer. Recombinant baculovirus expressing CE1E2 structural proteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) along with green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter developed in our lab was used for the study. Sf21 cells were infected with tenfold dilution (10-1 to 10 -10) of baculovirus stock and GFP fluorescence was visualized. The titer (5.75 � 10 7 TCID50/mL) calculated by Reed and Muench method was taken as a standard stock to develop qPCR. DNA was isolated from baculovirus stock and checked for amplification of 175 bp baculovirus gp64 by standard PCR. Different dilutions of isolated DNA (10-1 to 10-7) from P3 baculovirus stock were used as template and gp64 primers were used to determine the titer by qPCR. A linear relationship was obtained from 10 0 to 106 TCID50 per 100 ?L (Y = -3.34 X + 40.19, r2 = 0.97). Using this equation, titer of unknown recombinant baculovirus stock was calculated to be 5.7 � 1 0 7 per mL. Intra and inter assay coefficient of variations for qPCR results were less than 5%. The titration of baculovirus by this qPCR assay can be completed within 2-3 hrs compared to 10-12 days in the end point dilution method. To conclude, SYBR Green based qPCR titer estimation is a reliable, rapid and accurate assay for the titration of baculovirus and comparable to traditional end point dilution method.
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The current study, named "effect of micronutrients and biofertilizer on yield parameters of coriander Coriandrum sativum (L.) cv. RCR-41," is planned to be carried out in the Research Field, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, M.P., during Rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with two factors concepts i.e., Micronutrients (ZnSO4 (0.5%), FeSo4 (0.5%), CuSo4 (0.5%), Biofertilizers (Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), Azotobacter, Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB) and replicated three times and included three replications. At the time of coriander seeding, treatments combinations including RDF doses of fertilisers and biofertilizers were used. The results showed that treatment M1 (ZnSO4 @ 0.5%) was the optimum micronutrient level treatment for coriander production. Treatment B2 (Azotobacter) was shown to be the optimal biofertilizer level for coriander production. The treatment combination M1B2 (ZnSO4 @ 0.5% x Azotobacter) was shown to be considerably better among all treatment combinations, yielding the highest coriander yield characteristics.
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The study was carried out at the Research field, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Gwalior M.P. during rabi 2021-22. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plant in terms of various parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content in herb and grain. The results of the study indicated that the application of organic manures and bio fertilizers improved the nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content in herb and grain. The highest nitrogen (1.53% and 3.35%), phosphorous (0.43% and 0.56%) and potassium (0.46% and 0.57%) were observed in the plants treated with FYM (16 t/ha) + Vermicompost (4 t/ha) + Rhizobium (10 ml/kg seed) + PSB (10 ml/kg seed) + KSB (10 ml/kg seed) as compared with control.
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A study was conducted at the Research field, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Gwalior M.P. during rabi 2021-22. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plant in terms of various parameters such as AGR, CGR, leaf area, fresh leaf yield and dry leaf yield. The results of the study indicated that the application of organic manures and biofertilizers improved the plant growth and yield. The highest median AGR (0.311 and 0.395 g/day) at 30-60 and 60-90 DAS, CGR (7.99 and 12.21 g/m2/day) at 30-60 and 60-90 DAS, leaf area (93.90 cm2), fresh leaf yield (5.78 Kg/plot) and (96.26 q/ha), dry leaf yield (0.49 Kg/plot) and (8.18 q/ha) were observed in the plants treated with FYM (16 t/ha) + Vermicompost (4 t/ha) + Rhizobium (10 ml/kg seed) + PSB (10 ml/kg seed) + KSB (10 ml/kg seed) as compared with control.
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The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators and bio fertilizer on growth and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was carried out at the Experimental field, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior during 2020-21 under agro-climatic and soil conditions of Northern Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Each replication consists of ten treatments of biofertilizers (viz., Rhizobium, PSB and KSB) and plant growth regulators (viz., GA3 and NAA). All the treatments were randomized separately in each replication. Result showed that the different biofertilizers (i.e. Rhizobium, PSB and KSB) and plant growth regulators (i.e. GA3 and NAA) treatments significantly influenced the yield, yield parameters and economics parameters of fenugreek. Treatment T4 (Rhizobium + NAA) gave the maximum yield, yield parameter and economic parameter it was found best treatment combination as compared to all other treatment combinations of biofertilizers and PGRs, while the minimum yield, yield parameters and economics parameters were recorded in treatment T1 (Control).
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Introduction: The patients with Type 2 diabetes Mellitus may often remain asymptomatic for a longer period of time. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), a simple screening tool for prediction of undiagnosed diabetes. Objective: Validation of IDRS with standard test for type 2 diabetes among urban population of Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Material and Methods: A Community based Cross-sectional study was carried out in urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. The study was conducted using a two-stage sampling design. A predesigned, pretested proforma and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) sheet was used to collect data from the study participants. The IDRS is based on four parameters: age, family history of diabetes, waist circumference and physical inactivity. Data was collected using the World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS). Results: Among 450 participants, 12.7% participants were in low risk, 59.1% were in moderate risk and 28.2% were in high risk of developing diabetes according to IDRS score. IDRS score of ?60 turned out to be the best cut point for identifying undiagnosed diabetes with sensitivity 92.3% and specificity 82.6%. Positive Predictive value and Negative Predictive value were 47.3% and 98.5% respectively. Conclusion: Association of IDRS was found significant with diabetes. IDRS score of ?60 turned out to be the best cut point for identifying undiagnosed diabetes. IDRS is found valid screening tool for early detection of Diabetes.
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Background: The advent of 21st century has brought about revolutionary changes in medical education. Medicaleducators are debating the effective application of traditional and newer teaching and learning (T/L)methodologies. The present study aimed to obtain the student’s perspective on the present T/L methodology inanatomy and also the content and duration of anatomy teaching so as to help the educators design a moreeffective anatomy T/L programme.Methodology: The 4th, 5th year MBBS students and interns were administered questionnaires to rate the T/L aidsand give suggestions to improve the teaching of anatomy through close and open ended questions.Results: Amongst the teaching aids, excellent / good rating was given by 80.3% students to classroom teaching onthe black-board, followed by 68.3% to dissection. Amongst the learning aids, excellent / good rating was given by72.3% students to dissection and 67% to lectures. Further, 55% students opined that anatomy should be taughtover 12 months (excluding examinations) whereas 37.6% suggested it to be taught in 18 months. The need tointroduce anatomy teaching sessions during the later part of the medical curriculum was felt by majority (95.2%)of the students.Conclusions: The traditional T/L methods like dissection, lectures and black-board teaching are preferred by thenewer generation learners also and should be integrated with newer teaching modalities and modern technology.The anatomy syllabus being taught in the present MBBS curriculum is adequate, however the time allotted foranatomy teaching needs to be increased by 2 to 6 months. The study further suggests that there is a need toreinforce anatomy teaching in the clinical years.