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Objective: To estimate the diagnostic value of fibronectin type Ⅲ-domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods: A total of 94 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), who were hospitalized from April 2018 to June 2019 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into T2DM with cardiac dysfunction (subclinical DCM) group (n=47) and T2DM without cardiac dysfunction (non-DCM) group (n=47) according to echocardiography and gated myocardial perfusion imaging results. Basic clinical data and serum FNDC5 level were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish predicting models and the diagnostic efficiency of established models was compared by ROC curve analysis. Results: Compared to non-DCM group, patients in subclinical DCM group were older, with longer duration of diabetes, and had higher levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (all P<0.05). Serum FNDC5 level was significantly lower in subclinical DCM group than in non-DCM group (P<0.001). FNDC5 level was positively correlated with ventricular septal e'(r=0.451,P=0.005), mitral valve e'(r=0.291,P<0.001), the ratio of peak early diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity (E) to peak late diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity (A)(r=0.490,P=0.002), while negatively correlated with A(r=-0.399,P<0.001), the average ratio of E/e'(r=-0.490,P<0.001), tricuspid regurgitation velocity(r=-0.567,P<0.001), left atrial volume index(r=-0.491,P<0.001). Univariate ROC analysis showed that the diagnostic efficacy of FNDC5(AUC=0.940,95%CI 0.897-0.982)was superior to age(AUC=0.639,95%CI 0.523-0.752), diabetic duration(AUC=0.663,95%CI 0.555-0.772), HbA1c(AUC=0.740,95%CI 0.638-0.839), TG(AUC=0.661,95%CI 0.547-0.776), TC(AUC=0.675,95%CI 0.563-0.788)and LDL-C(AUC=0.644,95%CI 0.532-0.756). Model 1 was established with subclinical DCM as dependent variable, age, diabetic duration, TG, TC, LDL-C and HbA1c as independent variables. Model 2 was established by adding FNDC5 as independent variable on the basis of model 1. Diagnostic efficacy for subclinical DCM was compared between the two models by ROC analysis. The diagnostic efficiency was better with model 2 (AUC=0.980) than with model 1 (AUC=0.879, P<0.001). When sensitivity was set at 0.617, the specificity of model 2 was higher than that of model 1(0.979 vs. 0.936). When sensitivity was set at 0.532, the sensitivity of model 2 was higher than that of model 1 (1.000 vs. 0.915). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that serum FNDC5 could be used as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of subclinical DCM.
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Objective: To measure the occipital lobe volume in different genders of healthy Han Chinese adults with MRI. Methods: A total of 200 volunteers were selected from the healthy adult brain database of Han nationality in China. Whole-brain images were obtained using 3D magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo T1W sequence. The volume of left and right occipital lobes and whole brain volume were measured with manually sketching ROIs. Then the measured data were standardized, and the volume of left and right lateral occipital lobe were compared between different genders, the relation of the occipital lobe volume and age was analyzed, and the influence of gender and age to occipital lobe volume was analyzed. Results: The occipital lobe volume of normal adult was (105.37±10.41) cm3, which was (105.44±9.20) cm3 after standardization. Before standardization, the volume of occipital lobe in male adults ([111.34±9.15] cm3) was statistically different from that in females ([99.38±7.85]cm3), while after standardization, the volume of occipital lobe in male adults ([111.39±7.31]cm3) was also statistically different from that in females ([99.48±6.72]cm3,t=9.91, 12.01, both P0.05). Before and after standardization, no obvious correlation of occipital lobe volume with age in males or in females was observed (r=-0.01, 0.18, P=0.90, 0.08; r=0.05, 0.01,P=0.64, 0.92). There was no interaction between genders nor age on occipital lobe volume. Conclusion: The occipital lobe volume of healthy male adults is larger than that of females, and the volume of bilateral occipital lobe is basically the same in different genders. The occipital lobe volume is less likely to atrophy with age.
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Objective: To study the chemical differences between natural and synthetic of Bambusae Concretio Silicea by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Methods: The qualitative analysis of chemical composition was made combined online database and secondary fragmentation cleavage rules, and difference analysis was carried out by the Enhance Peak Find function of PeakView software. Then the converted data was imported into SIMCA-P software to establish an OPLS-DA statistical model and differential secondary metabolites were analyzed. Results: The constituents of Bambusae Concretio Silicea mainly included amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, glycosides, etc. Among them, 11 components were known, while other 43 compounds were identified for the first time. A total of 14 distinct components, including 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid and sucrose, and 12 biomarkers, including 4-(heptyloxy)phenyl-4-(hexyloxy)benzoate, and N-lauryldiethanolamine were identified. Conclusion: This study reveals that the chemical differences between the two herbs are obvious, while betaine and sucrose can be used as the distinguishing indicators. And it provides new ideas and data references for the quality control and clarification of medicinal substances.
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OBJECTIVE: To identify the main chemical constituents in the extract of deep fried strychnas by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. METHODS: Agilent SB-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) column was used. Gradient elution was conducted with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid solution (A) and acetonitrile (B)at a flow rate of 0.2 mL•min-1. The column temperature was maitained at 35 ℃. MS analysis was based on information associated mode (IDA) that positive and negative ions were respectively collected. RESULTS: A total of 31 compounds were identified in deep fried strychnas, of which eight had not been reported as Semen Strychni,and four new compounds were found in the positive and negative ion mode. The main chemical constituents included alkaloids, organic acids, glycosides, etc. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate, reliable, and efficient, and is suitable for rapid identification of the ingredients in deep fried strychnas, which provides a reference for the development and utilization of processed products of Semen Strychni and clarification of its efficacy and material basis.
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Objective To evaluate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in intrathecal dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)injury in rats.Methods Eighty clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 9-10 weeks,weighing 300-350 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),spinal cord I/R group (group I/R),dexmedetomidine group (group D),and dexmedetomidine plus ERK signaling pathway blocker PD98059 group (group P).Spinal cord ischemia was produced by cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta distal to the left renal artery for 25 min followed by reperfusion to establish the model of spinal cord I/R injury.Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was intrathecally injected at 20 min before establishing the model in D and P groups,PD98059 2 mg/kg was given via the tail vein at the same time in group P,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and I/R groups.Five rats were selected at 6,8,10 and 12 h of reperfusion,and the modified Basso,Beattie,Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to assess the hindlimb locomotor function.Five rats were sacrificed after assessing the locomotor function at 6 h of reperfusion,and the L3-5 segments of the spinal cord were taken for determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) (by Western blot).The apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the BBB scores were significantly decreased at each time point of reperfusion,the apoptosis index was increased,and the expression of pERK was up-regulated in the other three groups (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the BBB scores were significantly increased at each time point of reperfusion,the apoptosis index was increased,and the expression of p-ERK was up-regulated in group D,and no significant change was found in the apoptosis index or p-ERK expression in group P (P＞0.05).Compared with group D,the BBB scores were significantly decreased at each time point of reperfusion,the apoptosis index was increased,and the expression of pERK was down-regulated in group P (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which intrathecal dexmedetomidine reduces spinal cord I/R injury is related to activating ERK signaling pathway in rats.
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Objective@#To evaluate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in intrathecal dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.@*Methods@#Eighty clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 9-10 weeks, weighing 300-350 g, were divided into 4 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), spinal cord I/R group (group I/R), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and dexmedetomidine plus ERK signaling pathway blocker PD98059 group (group P). Spinal cord ischemia was produced by cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta distal to the left renal artery for 25 min followed by reperfusion to establish the model of spinal cord I/R injury.Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was intrathecally injected at 20 min before establishing the model in D and P groups, PD98059 2 mg/kg was given via the tail vein at the same time in group P, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and I/R groups.Five rats were selected at 6, 8, 10 and 12 h of reperfusion, and the modified Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to assess the hindlimb locomotor function.Five rats were sacrificed after assessing the locomotor function at 6 h of reperfusion, and the L3-5 segments of the spinal cord were taken for determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) (by Western blot). The apoptosis index was calculated.@*Results@#Compared with group S, the BBB scores were significantly decreased at each time point of reperfusion, the apoptosis index was increased, and the expression of p-ERK was up-regulated in the other three groups (P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, the BBB scores were significantly increased at each time point of reperfusion, the apoptosis index was increased, and the expression of p-ERK was up-regulated in group D, and no significant change was found in the apoptosis index or p-ERK expression in group P (P>0.05). Compared with group D, the BBB scores were significantly decreased at each time point of reperfusion, the apoptosis index was increased, and the expression of p-ERK was down-regulated in group P (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The mechanism by which intrathecal dexmedetomidine reduces spinal cord I/R injury is related to activating ERK signaling pathway in rats.
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Objective: To establish UPLC-Q/TOF method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of main chemical components in Sinodielsia yunnanensis. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography tandem flight time mass spectrometry was used. Chromatographic column was Agilent shell 120 Hilic, and the flow phase was acetonitrile-0.1% acid aqueous solution (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min; Qualitative and quantitative analysis adopted Q-TOF positive anion full scanning + IDA (information correlation acquisition) mode. Results: Using the established screening database, the target compounds with a mass error of less than 5×10-6, a correct isotope distribution and fragment ion are used as the target compounds. Combined with software Formula Finder, Mass Calculators and other functions, online database (Human Metabolome Database, PubChem, Chemical Book, etc.), and two stage fragmentation rule, 23 compounds were identified by qualitative identification. Ferulic acid was determined as a quantitative indicator component, and the quantitative and qualitative ions were 178 and 149, respectively; The linear range was 1.14-1 140 ng/mL (r = 1.000), and the limits of detection and quantitation respectively was 0.87 ng/mL and 2.91 ng/mL; RSDs of precision, stability, and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%; The recovery rate was 98.13%-101.25% (RSD = 1.37%, n = 5). Conclusion: This method has high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and its analysis is fast, accurate, and reliable, and it can be used for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of main chemical components in the medicinal materials of S. yunnanensis; The content of ferulic acid in Yunnan is higher than that in Tibet.
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<p><b>Background</b>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play vital roles in liver regeneration. Previous studies mainly focused on the functions of intracellular miRNAs, while the functions of circulating exosomal miRNAs in liver regeneration remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the key exosomal miRNA that played vital roles in liver regeneration.</p><p><b>Methods</b>The Sprague-Dawley male rats were assigned to 70% partially hepatectomized group (n = 6) and sham surgery group (n = 6). The peripheral blood of both groups was collected 24 h after surgery. The exosomal miRNAs were extracted, and microarray was used to find out the key miRNA implicated in liver regeneration. Adenovirus was used to overexpress the key miRNA in rats, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining was applied to study the effect of key miRNA overexpression on liver regeneration. Western blotting was used to validate the predicted target of the key miRNA.</p><p><b>Results</b>Exosomal miR-10a was upregulated more than nine times in hepatectomized rats. The level of miR-10a was increased in the early phase of liver regeneration, reached the top at 72 h postsurgery, and decreased to perioperative level 168 h after surgery. Moreover, enforced expression of miR-10a by adenovirus facilitated the process of liver regeneration as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining of PCNA. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A4 (EphA4) has been predicted to be a target of miR-10a. The protein level of EphA4 was decreased in the early phase of liver regeneration, reached the bottom at 72 h postsurgery, and rose to perioperative level 168 h after surgery, which was negatively correlated with miR-10a, confirming that EphA4 served as a downstream target of miR-10a. Moreover, inhibition of EphA4 by rhynchophylline could promote the proliferation of hepatocytes by regulating the cell cycle.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>Exosomal miR-10a might accelerate liver regeneration through downregulation of EphA4.</p>
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Objective To investigate the effect of fluid shear stress (FSS) on the expression of B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (Bmi-1) in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and possible signal transduction mechanism. Methods BMSCs were isolated from SD rats and FSS at different magnitude (0.5, 1.5, 3.0 Pa) and under different time phase (1, 2, 6, 24 h) were loaded by parallel-plate flow chamber system. The expression of Bmi-1 was measured by real-time RT-PCR at mRNA level and the levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were detected by Western blotting. The signaling inhibitors, wortmannin (PI3K specific inhabitor) and PD98059 (ERK1/2 specific inhabitor), were used to investigate possible mechanical signal transduction pathway. Results Bmi-1mRNA expression increased when BMSCs were exposed to 1.5 Pa FSS for 1 h and reached the peak at 24 h. All FSS with different magnitude could increase Bmi-1 expression, especial at high FSS (3.0 Pa). Meanwhile, FSS resulted in a significant activation of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 in BMSCs. After treated with wortmannin, the expression of Bmi-1 was inhibited prominently, however, PD98059, the expression of Bmi-1 did not change. Conclusions FSS can activate the expression of Bmi-1, the amount of Bmi-1 expression was closely related to the stimulating time and the magnitude of FSS, and Akt signal molecule plays an important role during the process. These findings provide significant references for studying the mechanical biological mechanisms of stem cell differentiation.
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Objective To evaluate the miRNA change between hypothermia circulatory arrest at different temperature and its impact on intestinal protection.Methods Sixteen piglets were randomly(n =4) divided into four groups:deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA,18℃) group,moderate hypothermia circulatory arrest(MHCA,24℃) group,cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) group and sham operation(SO) group.They were subjected to 80 min hypothermia circulatory arrest,305 min CPB or thoracotomy,respectively.Pick-and-mix custom miRNA real-time PCR panels were utilized to detect intestinal samples.miRNA expression between DHCA and MHCA were compared directly(DHCA vs.MHCA) and indirectly(DHCA/SO vs.MHCA/SO,DHCA/CPB vs.MHCA/CPB).Results Exposure to DHCA caused less intestinal miRNA dysregulation than MHCA.Besides,seven miRNAs(miR-122,miR-145-5p,miR-421-5p,miR-99a,miR-365-5p,miR-31 and miR-192)were differentially expressed between the two hypothermia circulatory arrest groups.Conclusion Better intestinal miRNA protection was provided by DHCA than MHCA.Intestinal miRNA were differentially expressed between hypothermia circulatory arrest at different temperature.
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The incidence of rectal cancer gradually increased in our country in recent years.Preoperative imaging methods are used to accurately display the lesions of rectal cancer,providing accurate quantitative diagnostic information,therefore being important to formulate reasonable and individualized therapy clinically.Intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is a multi parameter imaging technology.IVIM can provide the diffusion and perfusion information from the molecular level.Theoretically,the microstructure information of internal rectal cancer cell density and the vascular density,and the tumor cell metabolism can be displayed quantitatively with IVIM imaging,which can reflect the heterogeneity of the tumor and its degree during different periods.The application status and the future development of IVIM technique in management of rectal cancer were reviewed in this article.
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Objective To investigate the effect of fluid shear stress (FSS) on the expression of B lymphoma MoMLV insertion region 1 (Bmi-1) in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and possible signal transduction mechanism.Methods BMSCs were isolated from SD rats and FSS at different magnitude (0.5,1.5,3.0 Pa)and under different time phase (1,2,6,24 h) were loaded by parallel-plate flow chamber system.The expression of Bmi-1 was measured by real-time RT-PCR at mRNA level and the levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt)and extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were detected by Western blotting.The signaling inhibitors,wortmannin (PI3K specific inhabitor) and PD98059 (ERK1/2 specific inhabitor),were used to investigate possible mechanical signal transduction pathway.Results Bmi-1mRNA expression increased when BMSCs were exposed to 1.5 Pa FSS for 1 h and reached the peak at 24 h.All FSS with different magnitude could increase Bmi-1 expression,especial at high FSS (3.0 Pa).Meanwhile,FSS resulted in a significant activation of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 in BMSCs.After treated with wortmannin,the expression of Bmi-1 was inhibited prominently,however,PD98059,the expression of Bmi-1 did not change.Conclusions FSS can activate the expression of Bmi-1,the amount of Bmi-1 expression was closely related to the stimulating time and the magnitude of FSS,and Akt signal molecule plays an important role during the process.These findings provide significant references for studying the mechanical biological mechanisms of stem cell differentiation.
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All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A derivative and plays an important role in the regulation of cell aggregation, differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and inflammatory response. In recent years, some progress has been made in the role of ATRA in renal diseases, especially its protective effect on podocytes. This article reviews the research advances in podocyte injury, characteristics of ATRA, podocyte differentiation and regeneration induced by ATRA, and the protective effect of ATRA against proliferation, deposition of fibers, and apoptosis.
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Apoptosis , Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation , Cytoprotection , Humans , Podocytes , Physiology , Tretinoin , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of fluid shear stress (FSS) on the expression of B lymphoma MoMLV insertion region 1 (Bmi-1) in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and possible signal transduction mechanism.Methods BMSCs were isolated from SD rats and FSS at different magnitude (0.5,1.5,3.0 Pa)and under different time phase (1,2,6,24 h) were loaded by parallel-plate flow chamber system.The expression of Bmi-1 was measured by real-time RT-PCR at mRNA level and the levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt)and extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were detected by Western blotting.The signaling inhibitors,wortmannin (PI3K specific inhabitor) and PD98059 (ERK1/2 specific inhabitor),were used to investigate possible mechanical signal transduction pathway.Results Bmi-1mRNA expression increased when BMSCs were exposed to 1.5 Pa FSS for 1 h and reached the peak at 24 h.All FSS with different magnitude could increase Bmi-1 expression,especial at high FSS (3.0 Pa).Meanwhile,FSS resulted in a significant activation of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 in BMSCs.After treated with wortmannin,the expression of Bmi-1 was inhibited prominently,however,PD98059,the expression of Bmi-1 did not change.Conclusions FSS can activate the expression of Bmi-1,the amount of Bmi-1 expression was closely related to the stimulating time and the magnitude of FSS,and Akt signal molecule plays an important role during the process.These findings provide significant references for studying the mechanical biological mechanisms of stem cell differentiation.
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BACKGROUND: In alveolar cleft patients, the amount of bone stock after alveolar bone grafting is mostly measured and analyzed by two-dimensional imaging, which can result in a large error. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 6-month osteogenesis of alveolar bone graft in alveolar cleft patients using cone beam CT. METHODS:Alveolar bone grafting was performed in 25 patients with unilateral complete alveolar cleft. The patients were folowed up for 6 months after surgery and the osteogenesis of the bone graft was evaluated by CBCT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the surgery, the labial bone support was better than the palatal one. There were significant differences in the alveolar bone thickness of the cleft region and the normal region of the central incisor as wel as the alveolar bone thickness of the cleft region and the normal region of the canine tooth 0 mm distant to the alveolar crest. These findings indicate that the palatal bone support is less than the labial one, and the bone support of the central incisor is not satisfactory, which provide the basis for the tooth movement in the alveolar bone grafting and the orthodontics treatment.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the power-frequency electromagnetic field on antioxidant indexes in operation personnel. METHODS: By random sampling method,a total of 58 workers who work in 500 kV transformer substations for at least 5. 0 years were selected as the exposure group,and 60 administrative staffs in the same enterprise were included as the control group. The power frequency electromagnetic fields in the 2 groups were measured. The cumulative exposure dose of individual magnetic field was calculated. Peripheral venous blood was collected in these 2groups and was examined with the superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity,malondialdehyde( MDA) level and the relative gene expression level of manganese superoxide dismutase( MnSOD). RESULTS: There was no statistical significance in the SOD activity,MDA level and the relative gene expression level of MnSOD between the exposure group and the control group( P > 0. 05). The logistic regression analysis results indicated that cumulative exposure dose was not correlated with the SOD activity,MDA level and the relative gene expression level of MnSOD after adjusting confounding factors such as age,smoking,alcohol and tea drinking( P > 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Power-frequency electromagnetic field exposure has no significant effects on the SOD activity,MDA level and the relative gene expression level of MnSOD of operation workers.
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Caffeine and its metabolic products play an important role in clinical applications. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) method was applied to systemically study the caffeine metabolism in liver microsomes of rats and mice, and comprehensively evaluate caffeine metabolites in vitro and metabolism differences between species. The caffeine metabolites and metabolism differences between species in liver microsomes of rats and mice were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS high resolution mass spectrometry system and metabolitepolite software. The results showed that in addition to the demethylated and oxidized products in previous analysis, methylated, double oxidized, dehydrated and decarbonylated metabolites were also found in caffeine metabolism in liver microsomes of rats and mice, with significant difference in metabolism in vitro between rats and mice. The demethylated metabolite M2(C7H8N4O2) and decarbonylated metabolite M6(C7H10N4) in metabolism in vitro of mice were not found in rats, and the in vitro metabolite M7(C8H12N4O5) in rats were not found in mice. There was significant species difference in caffeine metabolism in vitro between rats and mice, providing important reference value for the further metabolism study and safety evaluation of caffeine.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of combination of dexmedetomidine and mild hypothermia on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in neonatal rats.Methods Ninety-six neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-7 days,weighing 18-22 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table:I/R group,mild hypothermia group (group H),dexmedetomidine group (group D) and combination of dexmedetomidine and mild hypothermia group (group DH).Global cerebral ischemia was induced in rats anaesthetized with chloral hydrate by bilateral common carotid artery clamping (for 15 min) combined with hypotension followed by reperfusion.Dexmedetomidine 75 pg/kg was given intraperitoneally at 30 min before ischemia in D and DH groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in I/R and H groups.The temperature in the temporal muscle was maintained at 36.7-37.2℃ in I/R and D groups,and at 34.8-35.3℃ in H and DH groups.At 12,24 and 72 h of reperfusion,8 rats were randomly chosen in each group,and neurological deficit score (NDS) was determined.The animals were then sacrificed,and their brains were removed for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (by spectrophotometry) and contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in brain tissues (using ELISA).Results Compared with I/R group,the NDS,MPO activity and contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the other three groups.The NDS,MPO activity and contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in DH group than in H or D group.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can optimize cerebral protection providedby mild hypothermia against global cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting inflammatory responses in brain tissues of neonatal rats.
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Objectives To investigate the mutational characteristics of MSX1 and PAX9 genes in a family affected by non-syndromic oligodonti so as to study the pathogenesis of oligodontia from a molecular prospective. Methods A family with oligodontia, but of different descent and unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood samples. Mutation analyses were performed by amplifying MSX1 and PAX9 exons and sequencing the products. Results DNA sequencing revealed a novel missense mutation c.348C>T in a highly conserved homeobox sequence of MSX1 and a known polymorphisms c. 469+35- c.469+45del in exon 1 and in intron in the two patients and in two unrelated healthy controls. But we did not detect any mutation in PAX9. Conclusion Our finding suggests the samesense mutation (c.348C>T) and the polymorphisms (c.469+35- c.469+45del) may be responsible for oligodontia phenotype in this Chinese family.
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As part of our ongoing influenza surveillance program in South China, 19 field strains of H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were isolated from dead or diseased chicken flocks in Guangdong province, South China, between 2012 and 2013. Hemagglutinin (HA) genes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed and phylogenic analysis showed that 12 of the 19 isolates belonged to the lineage h9.4.2.5, while the other seven belonged to h9.4.2.6. Specifically, we found that all of the viruses isolated in 2013 belonged to lineage h9.4.2.5. The lineage h9.4.2.5 viruses contained a PSRSSRdownward arrowGLF motif at HA cleavage site, while the lineage h9.4.2.6 viruses contained a PARSSRdownward arrowGLF at the same position. Most of the isolates in lineage h9.4.2.5 lost one potential glycosylation site at residues 200-202, and had an additional one at residues 295-297 in HA1. Notably, 19 isolates had an amino acid exchange (Q226L) in the receptor binding site, which indicated that the viruses had potential affinity of binding to human like receptor. The present study shows the importance of continuing surveillance of new H9N2 strains to better prepare for the next epidemic or pandemic outbreak of H9N2 AIV infections in chicken flocks.