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Investigating the structural characteristics of proton tautomers is of great significance for understanding organic reactions and biochemical processes.In this study,a method based on ion mobility mass spectrometry combined with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations was proposed.The structures of proton tautomers were determined by comparing the experimental and theoretical collision-induced dissociation(CID)mass spectrograms of different proton tautomers.Ion mobility mass spectrometry was used to separate proton tautomerism produced during ionization.The CID mass spectra of each isomer could be obtained after mobility separation.The quantum chemical mass spectrometry(QCXMS)program based on ab initio molecular dynamics calculations was used to calculate the fragmentation process and obtain the theoretical CID mass spectra.The results of experiment and calculation showed that this method effectively solved the issue of difficult identification of proton tautomers.This method was also of great significance for the study of ionization mechanism and organic reaction process using mass spectrometry.
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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD)in children is a type of diarrhea that occurs after the use of antibiotics in children,and its pathogenesis is closely related to the intestinal flora.The medication of antibiotics can affect the metabolic function of the intestinal flora and the immune function of the body,and then leads to the occurrence of AAD.In the view of Chinese medicine,AAD in children is mainly involved the spleen,and the etiology of the disease is due to the weakness of the spleen and stomach of the body constitution together with the attack of the pestilential pathogen and the accumulation of drug toxin.The pathogenesis of ADD in children is characterized by spleen deficiency with predominant dampness,deficiency of spleen qi,and insufficiency of spleen yang.Spleen deficiency is the root cause of pediatric AAD,and spleen and intestinal flora have commonality,so the treatment of pediatric AAD can be performed from the perspective of the spleen.The treatment of pediatric ADD from the spleen follows the principle of strengthening and activating the spleen,and the regulation of the spleen for achieving the purpose of treating the disease from the root can be achieved by the methods of strengthening spleen and draining dampness,strengthening spleen and replenishing qi,and strengthening spleen and warming yang separately with the fundamental prescriptions of Shenlin Baizhu Powder,Sijunzi Decoction,and Fuzi Lizhong Pills.
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Objective To analyze the correlation between irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)as well as its subtypes and gallbladder stone.Methods Collected the clinical data of 556 patients who were treated in Department of Gastroenterology of the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to March 2023.The patients were divided into IBS group(n=161)and non-IBS group(n=395).The subjects were investigated by questionnaire,physical examination and blood examination,and the data of gender,age,height,weight,blood pressure and blood biochemical indexes were obtained and compared between two groups.The relation between gallbladder stone and IBS were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.Results There were 90 cases of gallbladder stone in the total population,accounting for 16.2%,including 37 cases of gallbladder stone in IBS group(23.0%)and 53 cases in non-IBS group(13.4%).The prevalence rate of gallbladder stone in IBS group was significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).There were 6 cases of gallbladder muddy stones(3.7%)in IBS group and 3 cases(0.8%)in non-IBS group.And the prevalence rate of gallbladder muddy stones in IBS group was also significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the age,BMI,total bile acids(TBA),total cholesterol(TC)and combined IBS were independently related to the occurrence of gallbladder stone(P<0.05).In the 161 IBS patients,there were 114 cases of diarrhea-predominant IBS(IBS-D group),including 26 cases(22.8%)of gallbladder stone in IBS-diarrhea(IBS-D,n=114)group and 47 cases of constipation-predominant IBS(IBS-C group),including 11 cases(23.4%)of gallbladder stone.And there were 53 cases(13.4%)of gallbladder stone in the non-IBS group(n=395).Further analysis showed that the prevalence rate of gallbladder stone in IBS-D group was significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in gallbladder stone prevalence rate between IBS-C group and non-IBS group(P>0.05).Conclusions There is a correlation between IBS and gallbladder stones.In addition,among the two subtypes of IBS,IBS-D patients may have an increased risk of gallbladder stone compared with non-IBS patients.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma on the urinary metabolites of gerbils with stroke by non-targeted metabolomics technique, and then to clarify the mechanism of the two, as well as their similarities and differences. MethodTwenty-four gerbils were randomly divided into control group(CG), model group(MG), Aconiti Coreani Radix group(RA) and Typhonii Rhizoma group(RT). Except for the CG, ischemic stroke model was constructed using right unilateral ligation of gerbil carotid artery in the remaining groups. Except for the CG and MG, rats in the other groups received whole powder suspension(0.586 mg·g-1) was administered for 14 days. The neurological deficit in each group was scored by Longa scoring on days 0, 3, 7 and 14. After the end of administration, the serum, brain tissue and urine of gerbils in each group were collected, and the rate of cerebral infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC), and the levels of interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), and nitric oxide(NO) in serum and brain tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The urine metabolomics of gerbils in each group was studied by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS), and the data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis, and differential metabolites were screened based on value of variable importance in the projection(VIP) of the first principal component>1 and t-test P<0.05. Metabolic pathway analysis of the screened differential metabolites was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) database and Metaboanalyst 5.0. ResultCompared with the CG, the neurological deficit score was significantly increased in the MG(P<0.05), compared with the MG, the neurological deficit scores in the RA and RT were significantly reduced after 7 d and 14 d(P<0.05). Compared with the CG, the rate of cerebral infarction was significantly increased in the MG(P<0.05), compared with the MG, the rates of cerebral infarction in the RA and RT were significantly reduced(P<0.05). Compared with the CG, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA in the serum and brain tissue of gerbils from the MG were significantly increased(P<0.05), and the levels of SOD, GSH and NO were significantly reduced(P<0.05). Compared with the MG, Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma could down-regulate the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA, and up-regulated the levels of SOD, GSH and NO. A total of 112 endogenous differential metabolites were screened by urine metabolomics, of which 16 and 26 metabolites were called back by Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma, and could be used as potential biomarkers for both treatments in stroke gerbils, respectively. The results of the pathway analysis showed that both Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma had regulatory effects on arginine and proline metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. In addition, Aconiti Coreani Radix could also regulate riboflavin metabolism, Typhonii Rhizoma could also regulate purine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of pantothenate and coenzyme A, and β-alanine metabolism. ConclusionBoth Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma have better therapeutic effects on stroke, with Aconiti Coreani Radix having stronger effects. From the metabolomics results, the main metabolic pathways regulated by Aconiti Coreani Radix involve amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress and so on, while Typhonii Rhizoma mainly involve amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, etc.
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AIM: To compare the difference and consistency of corneal refractive power and astigmatism measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 in patients with age-related cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 153 patients(232 eyes)with age-related cataract admitted to Daping hospital from November to December 2021 were selected. The flat keratometry(Kf), steep keratometry(Ks), mean keratometry(Km), degree and axis of astigmatism(vector representation J0 and J45)of the anterior, posterior surfaces together with the total cornea from cataract patients were measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700, respectively. The difference, correlation and consistency of the two instruments were analyzed.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in J45 values of posterior corneal surface measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700(-0.006±0.038D vs. -0.005±0.044D, P>0.05), but there were significant differences in other parameters(all P<0.05). All parameters measured by the two instruments were significantly positive correlated(all r/rs>0.7, P<0.001); Bland-Altman analysis showed that the refractive power and astigmatism of the anterior cornea surface measured by the two facilities were in good consistency, while the refractive power of the posterior surface and the whole cornea showed poor consistency.CONCLUSION: CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 showed little differences and good consistency in the refractive power and astigmatism of the anterior, posterior and total corneal surface in cataract patients, which seems interchangeable. However, the refractive power of the posterior surface and the whole cornea has significant differences and poor consistency, which should not be interchange casually.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different acupuncture schemes on behaviors, neurotransmitters and inflammation-related factors in post-stroke depressed (PSD) rats. MethodsA total of 72 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, drug control group, scalp acupuncture group, abdominal acupuncture group and combined acupuncture group, 12 rats in each group. The PSD model was prepared using a combination of middle cerebral artery occlusion and chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS) for the model and each intervention groups. The drug control group was administered fluoxetine, the scalp acupuncture group accepted acupuncture at Baihui (DU 20) and Yintang (EX-HN3), while the abdominal acupuncture group at Zhongwan (RN 12) and Guanyuan (RN 4), the combined acupuncture group at all the four acupoints, for 21 days. They were assessed with Longa neurological function score, body mass, open-field test and sugar-water preference test on the 0 (before modeling), the seventh (before CUMS), the 14th (before treatment) and the 35th day (after treatment). The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor⁃α (TNF⁃α) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the serum were determined with ELISA on the 35th day. Results The neurological function score was lower in the drug control group and the combined acupuncture group thanin the model group (P < 0.01) on the 35th day; while the body mass was higher in the drug control group, the abdominal acupuncture group and the combined acupuncture group than in the model group (P < 0.01); and the number of horizontal span frames, the number of uprightness and the sugar water consumption were higher in the drug control group, the scalp acupuncture group, the abdominal acupuncture group and the combined acupuncture group than in the model group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the four intervention groups (P > 0.05). The levels of 5-HT, DA and NE were higher in the four intervention groups than in the model group (P < 0.01), and the levels of IFN-γ, TNF⁃α and MIF were lower (P < 0.01). 5-HT level was higher in the combined acupuncture group than in the scalp acupuncture group and the abdominal acupuncture group, and the levels of IFN-γ, TNF⁃α and MIF were lower (P < 0.01); the levels of DA and NE was higher in the combined acupuncture group than in the abdominal acupuncture group (P < 0.01). ConclusionThe combination of scalp acupuncture and abdominal acupuncture can improve behavior, neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors of PSD rats, like fluoxetine. Scalp or abdominal acupuncture alone is still effecive, and can be used secondarily.
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Penetrating head injury is a serious open cranial injury. In civilians, it is often caused by non-missile, low velocity flying objects that penetrate the skull through a weak cranial structure, forming intracranial foreign bodies. The intracranial foreign body can be displaced due to its special quality, shape, and location. In this paper, we report a rare case of right-to-left displacement of an airgun lead bullet after transorbital entry into the skull complicated by posttraumatic epilepsy, as a reminder to colleagues that intracranial metal foreign bodies maybe displaced intraoperatively. In addition, we have found that the presence of intracranial metallic foreign bodies may be a factor for the posttraumatic epilepsy, and their timely removal appears to be beneficial for epilepsy control.
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Management and treatment of terminal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains heavily debated. We sought to investigate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor plus anlotinib as a potential solution for terminal mCRPC and further evaluate the association of genomic characteristics with efficacy outcomes. We conducted a retrospective real-world study of 25 mCRPC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib after the progression to standard treatments. The clinical information was extracted from the electronic medical records and 22 patients had targeted circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) next-generation sequencing. Statistical analysis showed that 6 (24.0%) patients experienced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and 11 (44.0%) patients experienced PSA reduction. The relationship between ctDNA findings and outcomes was also analyzed. DNA-damage repair (DDR) pathways and homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway defects indicated a comparatively longer PSA-progression-free survival (PSA-PFS; 2.5 months vs 1.2 months, P = 0.027; 3.3 months vs 1.2 months, P = 0.017; respectively). This study introduces the PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib as a late-line therapeutic strategy for terminal mCRPC. PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib may be a new treatment choice for terminal mCRPC patients with DDR or HRR pathway defects and requires further investigation.
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Male , Humans , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Treatment Outcome , Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions of Atractylodis Rhizoma stir-fried with bran on the plasma metabolites of spleen-deficient rats, and then to elucidate their mechanisms of spleen-enhancing effects. MethodForty male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group, model group, polysaccharide group (FD group, 0.075 6 g·mL-1·d-1), n-butanol fractions group (FZ group, 0.012 1 g·mL-1·d-1), with 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, the other three groups used the compound factors of overwork, dietary disorders and intragastric administration of Sennae Folium decoction to replicate the rat model of spleen deficiency. After the end of modeling, the FD group and FZ group were given the corresponding medicinal solution by gavage for 7 d, meanwhile, the blank group and model group were given an equal volume of saline. The plasma samples from rats in the blank, model, FZ and FD groups were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS), multivariate statistical methods were used to process the data and screen differential metabolites, and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the screened differential metabolites was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG))database and MetaboAnalyst 5.0. ResultThe results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in plasma metabolites between the model group and blank group, FZ group and model group, FD group and model group. There were 380 differential metabolites between the blank group and the model group, of which 78 and 57 were called back by polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions of Atractylodis Rhizoma stir-fried with bran, respectively. Metabolic pathway enrichment results showed that the n-butanol fractions mainly affected glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, which were summarized as amino acid metabolism, while the polysaccharides mainly affected glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, biotin metabolism and thiamine metabolism. ConclusionBoth of polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions of Atractylodis Rhizoma stir-fried with bran have significant regulating effects on the metabolic abnormalities in spleen-deficient rats, in which the n-butanol fractions is mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, and the polysaccharides are involved in energy metabolism and cofactor and vitamin metabolism in addition to regulating amino acid metabolism.
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Aim To rapidly prepare and purify hydrogen sulfide specific fluorescent probe (WSP-5), establish and optimize the fluorescent probe method for the determination of hydrogen sulfide in animal tissues, and verify the applicability of the method in the model of malignant pleural effusion. Methods The preparation solvent of fluorescent probe reaction solution, DMSO addition volume, pH, reaction solution solvent and reaction solution volume, sample pretreatment temperature, grinding times, and standing time after grinding were investigated. The mouses model of malignant pleural effusion was established with S-180 ascites tumor cells, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in various organs and tissues of the model animal was measured. Results After optimization, silica gel and dextran gel were used as stationary phases, dichloromethane methanol formic acid (60: 1: 0.1, V/V/V) and dichloromethane methanol (1: 1, V/V) were used as eluents for separation and purification, and the first eluting component was taken to prepare WSP-5 with a purity of more than 700 mg. Animal tissue samples and sodium hydrosulfide standard solution were added with 5 times of cold reaction solution, after low temperature vibration grinding, highspeed centrifugation, the supernatant was incubated in dark for 12 hours, the fluorescence intensity was measured by fluorescent microplate reader. Hydrogen sulfide concentration was calculated according to the standard curve. The LOD of this method was about 0. 6 |JLmol • L
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Tumor cells can use different strategies to suppress the immune system and disable them for killing tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that recombinant human peroxiredoxin-5 (hPRDX5) can activate the normal anti-tumor immune, so as to control and eliminate the tumor cells, but its exact mechanism of action needs to be studied in depth. The study aimed to investigate whether hPRDX5 exerts its anti-tumor activity by activating or reversing the polarization state of mouse macrophages RAW264. 7 cells. The results of CCK8 showed that different doses of hPRDX5 could significantly enhance the viability of macrophage compared with the control group (P < 0. 001); The results of Nitric oxide (NO) test showed that hPRDX5 significantly enhanced NO secretion levels in RAW264. 7 cells (P < 0. 001); ELISA experiments revealed that hPRDX5 promotes TNF-α (P<0. 01) and IL-6 (P<0. 001) secretion in RAW264. 7 cells; Flow cytometry revealed that hPRDX5 increased the expression of antigen differentiation cluster (CD) 80 (P < 0. 01) and inducible nitric oxide oxide synthase (iNOS) (P < 0. 001) in RAW264. 7 cells, and reduced the expression of CD206 (P < 0. 001) in RAW264. 7 cells induced by tumor conditional culture solution (TCS); Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) experiments revealed that hPRDX5 can increase the killing activity of mouse macrophages on mouse pancreatic cancer Panc02 cells. hPRDX5 is able to activate mouse macrophage RAW264. 7 cells, promotes its M1-type polarization, reverses M2-type polarization, and exerts antitumor activity through the immune-enhancing effect.
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Objective:To explore the imaging features of intraductal pancreatic neuro-endocrine tumor (PNET).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 17 patients with intraductal PNET who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Changhai Hospital of Shanghai) from January 2013 to October 2020 were collected. There were 7 males and 10 females, aged (47±13)years. Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas was performed on patients. Observation indicators: (1) imaging features of intraductal PNET, including ① imaging features of CT and ② imaging features of MRI; (2) treatment and histopathological examination of intraductal PNET. Measurement data with normal distribution were described as Mean± SD and count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Imaging features of intraductal PNET. ① Imaging features of CT: 17 patients underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT of pancreas. There were 9 cases with tumor located in the head of the pancreas, 5 cases with tumor located in the neck of the pancreas and 3 cases with tumor located in the body and tail of the pancreas. The tumor diameter of the 17 patients was (8.7±2.5)mm, with a range of 5.2?15.5 mm. The tumor shape was round-like in the 17 patients. All the 17 patients showed isodensity on plain CT and markedly enhancement in arterial, venous and portal phases on enhanced CT. The degree of enhancement of tumor was higher than surrounding normal pancreatic parenchyma. All tumors of 17 patients were located at the truncation of main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilation, showing abrupt change in caliber of MPD without the "beak sign". The diameter of dilated MPD was (11.4±5.3)mm, with a range of 4.5?22.5 mm. Other imaging manifestations of the 17 patients included 11 cases with pancreatic parenchymal atrophy, 1 case with retention cyst, 1 case with choledochal dilation, 1 case with calcification, and all cases without cystic degeneration or hemorrhage. ② Imaging features of MRI: preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI was performed in 14 patients. Five cases showed slightly low signal but 9 cases showed unclear on T1-weighted imaging. Five cases showed low signal, 2 cases showed slightly high signal but 7 cases showed unclear on T2-weighted imaging. Of the 14 patients, 9 cases showed diffusion limited on diffusion weighted imaging and 5 cases showed unlimited diffusion. Nine cases showed marked enhancement in tumor higher than in normal pancreatic parenchyma, but 5 cases were unclear on contrast-enhanced MRI. (2) Treatment and histopathological exmination of intraductal PNET: all the 17 patients underwent surgical treatment, including 9 cases with pancreaticoduodenectomy, 4 cases with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, 4 cases with pancreatic segmentectomy. Postoperative histopatho-logical examination results showed 10 cases of G1 and 7 cases of G2, including 1 case of G2 with lymph node metastasis, 1 case of G2 with lymph node and liver metastasis. The pathological gross showed that the tumor body was mainly located in the pancreatic duct and blocked the pancreatic duct, with upstream pancreatic dilation. There were pancreatic acinar atrophy and fibrous tissue hyperplasia. The tumor was grayish-yellow or brownish red, solid, medium in texture and well-defined with the surrounding tissues. Microscopically, the tumor of 17 patients was mainly located in the pancreaic duct and invaded into surrounding pancreatic parenchyma. The cells of tumor were polygonal with a central nucleus, but the mitosis was rare. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic or hyaline. The tumor stroma was mainly collagen fiber with abundant capillary network.Conclusions:The imaging features of intraductal PNET are small size, marked enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. The tumor obstructs the MPD with distal MPD dilation and pancreatic parenchyma atrophy.
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Objective:Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate the mechanical performance, safety and efficacy of the novel robotic-assistant flexible ureteroscopy system (Ra-fURS) under in vitro and in vivo environments.Methods:Combing with commercial flexible ureteroscopes, the novel Ra-fURS was used for the in vitro test and animal model operation in October 2020. The study included three sections. ①Basic mechanical performance assessment: including endoscope motion control (dual deflection, axial rotation and forward/backward distance), reaction time and fiber regulation. ②Simulated surgery in ex-vivo 3D-printing renal collecting system model: including completion rate and time of calyxes exploration, directional movement and laser fragmentation [gypsum models (0.5×0.5×0.5 cm) were used to stimulate kidney stones]. ③Intrarenal surgeries in animal models (two 5-month female Yorkshire white pigs). In total, 32 surgeries was performed (8 surgeons × 2 pigs × 2 kidneys/pig). In vivo assessments were carried out including: ①consuming time for Ra-fURS installation and offloading; ②completion rate and time of calyxes exploration; ③comfort score (ranging from 0-10) as compared to the manual f-URS, which was corresponding to each Ra-fURS surgery. In simulated surgery and animal surgery sections, 8 surgeons were enrolled in the study (group A 4 without flexible ureteroscopy experience; group B: 4 highly experienced), and results were compared between two groups.Results:Under the Ra-fURS control, the flexible ureteroscope movement in three degrees of freedom (forward / backward: + 11 to -11 cm, axial rotation + 225°to -225°; active duel-flection: + 270°to -270°, as well as the laser fiber regulation + 2.5 to -2.5 cm). In simulated surgery tests, both groups achieved 100% completion rate of calyxes exploration, and there were no statistical differences in the time of the calyxes exploration between group A and group B (116.0±8.0)s vs.(110.3±15.4)s( P>0.05). Time-consumption for laser fragmentation of group B was shorter than that of group A (525.8±58.5)s vs. (780.5±141.2)s( P<0.01). In animal surgery, the installation time of Ra-fURS gradually shortened within the first 7 cases was(234.0±43.0)s, and became comparable in the later 8-32 cases was(149.3±8.0)s. The average uninstall time was (43.9 ±5.9)s and was relatively stable. There were 51 renal calyxes in two pigs. It was higher for the completion rate of calyxes exploration in group B than in group A [(95.5±9.1)% vs. (59.1±9.1)%, P<0.05], and the exploration time was also statistically variant between the two groups group A and group B[(274.8±34.6)s vs.(127.3±18.2)s, P<0.05]. For all the operators, the comfort scores were favorable to the Ra-fURS as compared to the manual f-URS (8.9±0.3 vs. 5.9±1.1, P<0.05). Conclusions:This preliminary study demonstrated that the novel Ra-fURS was capable of controlling flexible ureteroscope to perform retrograde intrarenal surgery and fragmenting stones with laser. Besides, other features, including easy installation, stable performance and comfortable manipulating environment, made it easy to use in clinical application.
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ObjectiveTo study the inhibitory effect of Banxia Houputang (BHT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of microglia (BV2) cells and the neuroprotective effect on human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. MethodAfter the neuroinflammatory model was constructed by LPS inducing BV2 cells, model group (LPS 100 µg·L-1), administration groups (LPS+1 g·L-1 BHT, LPS+2 g·L-1 BHT, LPS+5 g·L-1 BHT, LPS+10 g·L-1 BHT), and blank group were given DEME medium at the same volume. In addition, neuronal apoptosis model was established by co-culture of LPS-induced BV2 cell inflammation medium and SH-SY5Y cells (LPS-DMEM) and was administrated according to the above grouping. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The content of nitric oxide (NO) and that of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by Griess aasay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, interleukin-4 (IL-4), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-rime PCR). Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB p65), protein kinase B (Akt), inhibitor of nuclear factor κB α (IκBα), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax). ResultCompared with blank group, LPS increased the NO release, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS and protein expression of Akt, NF-κB p65, IκBα, JAK2 and STAT3, decreased the content of IL-4 and IL-10 in BV2 cells, and induced apoptosis of co-cultured SH-SY5Y cells (P<0.01). Compared with model group, BHT reduced the content of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS (P<0.01) and protein expression of Akt, NF-κB p65, IκBα, JAK2 and STAT3 (P<0.01), elevated the content of IL-4 and IL-10 (P<0.01), and inhibited the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by LPS-DMEM (P<0.01). ConclusionThis experiment reveals that BHT inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 cells by regulating Akt/NF-κB/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and showed neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y cells.
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The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in protein degradation. The process of ubiquitination requires ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, and ubiquitin ligase E3 to complete the coordination. Our previous studies have shown that HUWE1 (HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing 1), as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, can degrade epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to inhibit renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes binding to HUWE1 are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to identify E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of HUWE1. Real-time PCR was used to identify E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that may interact with HUWE1. The expression of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme was detected in kidney of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice and HK-2 cells treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The results showed that the expressions of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2Q2 were significantly down-regulated at both RNA and protein levels in UUO kidneys. The expression of UBE2Q2 was also down-regulated in HK-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β, which was consistent with the change in the expression of HUWE1. These findings indicated that UBE2Q2 expression was synergistic with HUWE1 in the injured kidney. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments showed that HUWE1 interacted with UBE2Q2 in HK-2 cells. The co-localization of UBE2Q2 and HUWE1 was confirmed by cell immunofluorescence staining. After knocking down UBE2Q2 by siRNA, ubiquitin binding to HUWE1 and EGFR was decreased. In sum, our results demonstrated that UBE2Q2, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, works with HUWE1 to mediate ubiquitination and degradation of target protein in kidney.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Cell Line , Fibrosis , Kidney Diseases , Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism , UbiquitinationABSTRACT
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5b(Wnt5b) gene overexpression mediated by recombinant adenovirus on the differentiation of mouse embryonic liver stem cells and repair of chronic liver injury in mice. Methods Recombinant adenoviruses expressing Wnt5b and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were applied respectively to infect mouse fetal liver stem cells HP14-19, and induced its differentiation and verified the expression of Wnt5b through Real-time PCR and Western blotting. It also applied indocyanine grean(ICG) uptake experiment and periodic acid-schiff(PAS) staining to detect the differentiation ability of HP14-19 into hepatocyte-like cells. The Real-time PCR was chosen to detect hepatocyte markers albumin (Alb) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) expression. Forty-eight experimental male BALB/ c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, stem cell treatment group and Wnt5b modified stem cell treatment group. The carbon tetrachloride(CCl
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Objective:To investigate the imaging features of undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma (UCOGCP) with osteoclast-like giant cells.Methods:CT and MRI data of 4 pathologically diagnosed UCOGCP patients admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from December 2014 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The tumor location, major length, shape, border, density or signal, capsule, calcification, hemorrhage, cystic degeneration, degree of enhancement, as well as the presence or absence of pancreatic duct dilatation, pancreatic parenchymal atrophy, peripheral vascular invasion, lymph node and organ metastasis were recorded.Results:Of 4 UCOGCP patients, 1 case had the mass located in head of pancreas, 2 cases in body of pancreas , and 1 in tail of pancreas. The length of tumor ranged from 3.3 cm to 13.0 cm, and the average was 8.8 cm.3 cases were round-like, and 1 was irregular; 2 tumors were well defined with capsules, 2 with unclear border. 4 cases showed solid-cystic masses, 3 of which had cystic separation. 4 cases showed heterogeneous low density on unenhanced CT, and 1 case had spotted calcification. The solid component of the mass was mild enhanced on enhanced CT, and partial solid component of the mass showed obvious enhancement in 2 cases. 2 cases showed mixed low signal on T 1WI, 1 of which had small patchy high signal indicating hemorrhage. 2 cases showed mixed high signal on T 2WI, and high signal on DWI. 2 cases had major pancreatic duct dilation. 1 case had pancreatic parenchyma atrophy. 1 case had descending duodenum invasion. 3 cases had peripheral vascular invasion, including portal vein, splenic artery, and splenic vein. 1 case had tumor thrombosis in the portal vein and splenic vein. 1 case was associated with pancreatogenous portal hypertension. Conclusions:The imaging features of UCOGCP showed a large solid-cystic mass with hemorrhage and calcification. The solid component of the mass was mild enhanced and the partially solid component was obviously enhanced. The combination of its imaging characteristics and clinical data can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
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@#AIM: To assess the accuracy of optical quality analysis system Ⅱ(OQAS Ⅱ)in predicting postoperative visual acuity of cataract patients.<p>METHODS: Prospective study, patients underwent cataract surgery in Daping Hospital from June 2019 to November 2019 were recruited. According to predicted visual acuity 100%(PVA100%)and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), patients were dichotomized into group A(PVA100% worse than BCVA, 145 eyes)and group B(PVA100% equal to or better than BCVA, 114 eyes). Visual acuity improvement was compared between the two groups 1mo after surgery.<p>RESULTS: In group A, visual acuity of 112 eyes(77.2%)improved at least 2 lines. While in group B, 93 eyes(81.6%)improved at least 2 lines. There was no significant difference in visual acuity improvement ratio between the two groups(<i>P</i>=0.394). The average BCVA improvement of group A was 0.3(0.2, 0.4)LogMAR, and that of group B was 0.4(0.2, 0.5)LogMAR, revealed statistically significant differences(<i>P</i>=0.001). No significant correlation was found between preoperative PVA100% and postoperative BCVA in both of the two groups(<i>P</i>=0.888,0.304). In patients combined with preoperative ocular comorbidity, 17 eyes(94.4%)in group A and 26 eyes(65.0%)in group B improved at least 2 lines with significant difference between the two groups(<i>P</i>=0.041). BCVA improved 0.3(0.2, 0.4)LogMAR in group A and 0.3(0.1, 0.5)LogMAR in group B, there was no significant difference between the two groups(<i>P</i>=0.597).<p>CONCLUSION: The binary classification method based on the value of preoperative PVA100% and BCVA failed to accurately predict who shall benefit more from cataract surgery. In patients diagnosed with preoperative ocular comorbidity, BCVA is likely to be significantly improved if preoperative PVA100% were worse than BCVA. More data are needed to determine the clinical value of PVA100%.
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In this paper, the extraction rate of crude polysaccharides and the yield of polysaccharides from Hippocampus served as test indicators. The comprehensive evaluation indicators were assigned by the R language combined with the entropy weight method. The Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology(BBD-RSM) and the deep neural network(DNN) were employed to screen the optimal parameters for the polysaccharide extraction from Hippocampus. These two modeling methods were compared and verified experimentally for the process optimization. This study provides a reference for the industrialization of effective component extraction from Chinese medicinals and achieves the effective combination of modern technology and traditional Chinese medicine.
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Dietary Carbohydrates , Hippocampus , Neural Networks, Computer , Polysaccharides , TemperatureABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the satisfaction degree of surgical resident in standardized training and to explore the existing problems and influencing factors. It provides references for improving the system and quality of standardized training.Methods:The Self-designed Satisfaction scale was used to investigate the satisfaction degree of 137 residents who attended the standardized training of surgical residents in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2015 to June 2018. There were 108 males (78.8%) and 29 females (21.2%). The mean age was (26.78±1.83) years. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Counting data was expressed by frequency and constituent ratio. The differences between groups were analyzed by t test and one-way anova.Results:The overall satisfaction score of the surgical residents to the standardized training was 3.71±0.83, among which the residents scored the highest on the working condition (4.12±0.67), while the training effect (3.53±0.85) was the last in all dimensions. The overall satisfaction of third-year residents was lower than that of first-year and second-year residents, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=3.27, P=0.04). The scores of first-year residents in standardized management was higher than that of second-year and third-year residents, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=3.30, P=0.04). The scores of professional degree postgraduate in overall satisfaction, standardized management and research training were higher than those of enrolled resident, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The score in enrolled resident (3.78±0.85) was higher than that of professional degree postgraduate (3.44±0.63)in the dimension of salary, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.02). Conclusion:Surgical residents expressed satisfaction with the general condition of standardized training, training condition, research training, training effect and postgraduate salary were still need be strengthen.