ABSTRACT
Background@#The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant has been triggering the new wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally. However, the risk factors and outcomes for radiological abnormalities in the early convalescent stage (1 month after diagnosis) of omicron infected patients are still unknown. @*Methods@#Patients were retrospectively enrolled if they were admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19. The chest computed tomography (CT) images and clinical data obtained at baseline (at the time of the first CT image that showed abnormalities after diagnosis) and 1 month after diagnosis were longitudinally analyzed. Uni-/multi-variable logistic regression tests were performed to explore independent risk factors for radiological abnormalities at baseline and residual pulmonary abnormalities after 1 month. @*Results@#We assessed 316 COVID-19 patients, including 47% with radiological abnormalities at baseline and 23% with residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. In a multivariate regression analysis, age ≥ 50 years, body mass index ≥ 23.87, days after vaccination ≥ 81 days, lymphocyte count ≤ 1.21 × 10 -9 /L, interleukin-6 (IL-6) ≥ 10.05 pg/mL and IgG ≤ 14.140 S/CO were independent risk factors for CT abnormalities at baseline. The age ≥ 47 years, presence of interlobular septal thickening and IL-6 ≥ 5.85 pg/mL were the independent risk factors for residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. For residual abnormalities group, the patients with less consolidations and more parenchymal bands at baseline could progress on CT score after 1 month. There were no significant changes in the number of involved lung lobes and total CT score during the early convalescent stage. @*Conclusion@#The higher IL-6 level was a common independent risk factor for CT abnormalities at baseline and residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. There were no obvious radiographic changes during the early convalescent stage in patients with residual pulmonary abnormalities.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Develop a nutrition health educational guidance outline for primary and secondary school students which is adapted to the characteristics of Shanghai and meets the cognitive level of students at different levels, so as to provide a reference for planning the content and target of nutrition health education among students of different school stages.@*Methods@#Through literature search and qualitative interviews, the framework of nutrition health education for primary and secondary school students in Shanghai was developed, and 21 experts in the fields of nutrition, school health and health education were invitied to conduct a Delphi consultation, and determined the content of nutrition and health education for students in each school section based on the consultation results.@*Results@#The recall rate for both rounds of consultation was 100%, the degree of expert authority was 0.74 and 0.89 , and the coordination coefficients were 0.31 and 0.33( P <0.01), suggesting high credibility of expert opinion. The resulting guidance outline included 2 first level entries, 6 second level entries, 60 third level entries and corresponding entry explanations. The 2 first level entries were rational nutrition and food safety; the 6 second level entries were food and nutrients, balanced diet, good eating habits, nutritional practices, good hygiene habits and food borne diseases; the 60 third level entries needed to be studied in Level 1 were 24, Level 2 were 41, Level 3 were 55, and Level 4 were 59.@*Conclusion@#The nutrition health educational guidance outline for primary and secondary school students in Shanghai developed in this study focuses on key nutrition knowledge, rational dietary behaviors and nutrition practice skills, which can provide a reference and basis for the phased implementation of nutrition health education in primary and secondary schools.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of second primary cancer (SPC) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database of the National Cancer Institute was used to extract data, and SEER*Stat program 8.4.0 was used to calculate the standardized incidence rate ratio (SIR) and absolute excess rate (AER). In addition, Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of different age, race, sex, chemotherapy, and radiation and other factors for secondary tumors by R 4.2.1, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the cumulative incidence. Results A total of 22 407 cases were included, and the person-years of follow-up were 142780.82. There was a total of 436 SPC cases, 32 of which developed multiple cancers. The median time of secondary cancers was 47.5 months. Patients with ALL had a higher risk of SPC than the general population (SIR=2.27; 95% , CI:2.07-2.50), and the most observed SPC was lymphatic and hematopoietic system, with an SIR of 6.96 (95% CI:5.94-8.11). The risk of SPC in ALL patients diagnosed in different time periods showed an upward trend, from 1.98 in 2000 to 2.38 in 2019. With the increase of age, the risk of SPC in ALL patients gradually decreased. Chemotherapy reduced the risk of SPC (HR=0.26; 95%CI: 0.19-0.36), while radiotherapy increased the risk of SPC by 59.60% (HR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.23-2.00). Conclusion In the future, chemotherapy is recommended for ALL patients to reduce radiation exposure during radiotherapy, and more attention should be paid to the health status of ALL patients within 1-5 years after their onset.
ABSTRACT
Lateral epicondylitis is a common clinical disease with characteristics of lateral elbow pain, insidious onset and easy recurrence, which can cause forearm pain and decreased wrist strength, seriously affecting patients′ daily life and work. Although there are various treatment methods for lateral epicondylitis with different effects, standard treatments are still lacking nowadays. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has good effects on bone and tendon repair, and is now widely used in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. However, there is a lack of a unified understanding of the technology and specifications of PRP in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Therefore, the Sports Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organized experts in the fields of sports medicine and rehabilitation medicine in China to formulate the "clinical expert consensus on platelet-rich plasma treatment for lateral epicondylitis (2022 version)", and proposed suggestions based on evidence-based medicine mainly from the concept, epidemiology and pathophysiology of lateral epicondylitis, symptoms, signs and imaging manifestations of lateral epicondylitis, PRP concept and application component requirements, quality control of PRP preparation technology, indications and contraindications of PRP in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis, PRP injection in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis, application of PRP in the operation of lateral epicondylitis, related problems after PRP treatment of lateral epicondylitis, evaluation of the results after PRP treatment of lateral epicondylitis, and health and economic evaluation of PRP treatment of lateral epicondylitis, so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate early neonatal deaths born to pregnant women with syphilis and the risk factors.Methods:Data were obtained from the maternal syphilis surveillance system in Zhejiang Province. Pregnant women with syphilis who delivered ≥28 weeks during January 2014 to December 2020 were included. Demographic characteristics (age, education level, occupation, gravidity, parity, adverse pregnancy history, etc.), maternal and perinatal health records, syphilis laboratory test results, syphilis treatment regimen, delivery information, and infant information were collected. Trend chi-square analysis was conducted to track the early neonatal mortality over years. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationship between maternal syphilis treatment and early neonatal mortality. Logistic analysis was conducted to investigate the risk factors for early neonatal death.Results:Among the 71 cases with early neonatal death, 49 cases (69.01%) were aged from 21 to 34 years old, 52 cases (73.24%) had middle school education, 39 cases (54.93%) had no fixed occupation, 39 cases (54.93%) had more than three gravidities, 48 cases (67.61%) were multiparas. There were eight cases (11.27%) of stillbirth abortion. Forty-nine cases (69.01%) with rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR) or tolulized red unheated serum test (TRUST) titer ≥1∶4. Among the 72 early neonatal deaths, 40 were males and 32 were females. The leading cause of death was preterm birth/low birth weight (56 cases, 77.78%). From 2014 to 2020, the early neonatal mortality rate of pregnant women with syphilis in Zhejiang Province decreased from 10.37‰ (24/2 314) to 1.49‰(3/2 007) (trend χ2=20.05, P<0.001). The rate of maternal antisyphilitic treatment was negatively correlated with early neonatal mortality ( r=-0.895, P=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that standard treatment reduced the risk of early neonatal death (Wald=24.845, P<0.001, odds ratio ( OR)=0.181). However, RPR or TRUST titer ≥1∶4 in the last trimester (Wald=72.026, P<0.001, OR=10.112) increased the risk of early neonatal death. Conclusions:Preterm birth and low birth weight are the leading causes of early neonatal death in pregnant women with syphilis. Strengthening the treatment of syphilis in pregnancy women, especially the standard treatment, is beneficial to reduce the risk of early neonatal death.
ABSTRACT
Objective:This study sought to investigate the feasibility, anatomical indications and operating points of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure in the treatment of pure aortic regurgitation (AR).Methods:The medical records of 4 elderly patients with pure AR who were treated in the cardiology department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were implanted with self-expandable valve stents via peripheral artery approach for TAVR treatment. The feasibility, anatomical indications and key points of TAVR were analyzed.Results:The 4 patients with pure AR who were carefully screened had an average age of 66 years, and all achieved TAVR treatment success without serious perioperative complications and death. Postoperative examination and follow-up data showed that cardiac functions and cardiac remodeling indexes were significantly improved.Conclusions:This exploratory study shows that TAVR is technically feasible and effective treatment option for selected elderly patients with native pure AR, which is worthy of further study.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of M1 microglia-derived exosomes (M1-exo) on neuronal injury after oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration, and to explore its mechanism.Methods:The mouse microglia BV2 cells grown in logarithmic growth phase were added with 100 μg/L liposolysaccharide (LPS) and 20 μg/L interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to induce the polarization of microglia into M1 phenotype. M1 microglia were identified by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunofluorescence. The supernatant of M1 microglia was collected, and exosomes were extracted by ExoQuick-TC TM kit. The morphology of exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscope and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and the expression of characteristic proteins CD9 and CD63 of exosomes were detected by Western blotting. The well-growing mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells were divided into six groups: the cells in group C were conventionally-cultured; and the cells in group O were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 3 hours followed by restoration of oxygen-glucose supply 24 hours to establish the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration injury; and the N2a cells in group E were co-cultured with M1-exo 24 hours after oxygen-glucose deprivation 3 hours; NC group, M group and I group constructed negative control, overexpression and knockdown of microRNA-20a-5p (miR-20a-5p) M1-exo, respectively. The succession of transfection was detected by qPCR and N2a cells in group NC, group M and group I were co-cultured with such transfected M1-exo for 24 hours after oxygen-glucose deprivation 3 hours. Cell viability were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of miR-20a-5p were detected by qPCR. Results:Compared with M0 microglia, the fluorescence intensity and mRNA and protein expressions of CD32 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), specific markers of M1 microglia, were increased [CD32 (fluorescence intensity): 36.919±1.541 vs. 3.533±0.351, CD32 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 4.887±0.031 vs. 1.003±0.012, CD32/β-actin: 2.663±0.219 vs. 1.000±0.028; iNOS (fluorescence intensity): 29.513±1.197 vs. 7.933±0.378, iNOS mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 4.829±0.177 vs. 1.000±0.016, iNOS/β-actin: 1.991±0.035 vs. 1.000±0.045; all P < 0.01], indicating M1 microglia were successfully activated. Under electron microscopy, M1-exo had round or oval vesicular bodies with obvious membranous structures, with diameters ranging from 100 nm. Western blotting showed that the exosomes expressed specific CD63 and CD9 proteins. Compared with group C, the cell viability was decreased, the apoptosis rate and the expression of miR-20a-5p were significantly increased in group O [cell viability ( A value): 0.540±0.032 vs. 1.001±0.014, apoptosis rate: (19.857±0.910)% vs. (13.508±0.460)%, miR-20a-5p (2 -ΔΔCt): 5.508±0.291 vs. 1.033±0.101, all P < 0.01]. Compared with O group, cell viability was decreased, apoptosis rate and the expression of miR-20a-5p were increased in group E [cell viability ( A value): 0.412±0.029 vs. 0.540±0.032, apoptosis rate: (31.802±0.647)% vs. (19.857±0.910)%, miR-20a-5p (2 -ΔΔCt): 8.912±0.183 vs. 5.508±0.291, all P < 0.01], indicating that M1 microglia-derived exosomes further aggravated the damage of N2a cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration. Compared with group E, cell viability was decreased, apoptosis rate and the expression of miR-20a-5p were increased in group M [cell viability ( A value): 0.311±0.028 vs. 0.412±0.029, apoptosis rate: (36.343±0.761)% vs. (31.802±0.647)%, miR-20a-5p (2 -ΔΔCt): 32.348±0.348 vs. 8.912±0.183, all P < 0.01]; and the cell viability was increased, apoptosis rate and the expression of miR-20a-5p were decreased in group I [cell viability ( A value): 0.498±0.017 vs. 0.412±0.029, apoptosis rate: (26.437±0.793)% vs. (31.802±0.647)%, miR-20a-5p (2 -ΔΔCt): 6.875±0.219 vs. 8.912±0.183, all P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in cell viability, apoptosis rate and the expression of miR-20a-5p between group E and group NC. Conclusion:M1 microglia-derived exosomes aggravate the injury of neurons after oxygen and glucose deprivation and reoxygenation, which may be related to miR-20a-5p carried by M1-exo.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish methods for HPLC fingerprints and simultaneous determination of multi-index components before and after compatibility of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis, so as to analyze the dissolution rate of the main compounds. Methods:The extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Angelica sinensis and their compatibility were prepared. The separation was performed on an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm), mobile phase with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile for gradient elution, flow rate at 1.0 ml/min, column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃, and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The HPLC fingerprint were established before and after the compatibility of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis, and the shared patterns of the fingerprint were obtained to gain chromatographic peaks. The content of 9 components Danshensu, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, tanshinone Ⅱ A, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and Yangchuanxiong lactone were determinated, and the changes of dissolution rate of each compound before and after the compatibility were analyzed. Results:The determination method for the multi- components with HPLC is precise and the components (waiting to be determinate) in the solution were stable within 48 hours, and the RSD values of each chromatographic peak were <5.0%. The nine components showed good linear relationships within their own ranges, and the recovery rate was in compliance with regulations. The fingerprint similarities of each sample were ?0.9. After the compatibility of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis, a total of seventeen common peaks were calibrated, ten of which were from Salvia miltiorrhiza, seven from Angelica sinensis. No new components was found under this chromatographic condition. After the combination of these two material medicica decoction, the average dissolution rates of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acids and Danshensu in Salvia miltiorrhiza were significantly lower than those of the single decoction group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01); the average dissolution rates of caffeic acid in Salvia miltiorrhiza was significantly higher than that of the single decoction group ( P<0.01); the average dissolution rates of chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis were significantly higher than that of the single decoction group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01); the average dissolution rate of Yangchuanxiong lactone after the compatibility was not statistically different than that of single decoction group. Conclusion:The characteristic peaks of HPLC fingerprint of the compatibility of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis did not increase under this chromatographic condition, which had a significant effect on the dissolution of index components.
ABSTRACT
Nuclear energy is an environmentally friendly and powerful new clean energy source, and its related technologies and applications are rapidly developing around the world. However, nuclear safety is a very important issue in the process of safe use of nuclear energy. As an important tool in nuclear emergency response and rescue, radiation emergency robots play a very important role in helping rescuers to understand the accident site in advance and make scientific decisions. In this paper, the latest technologies and achievements in radiation accident emergency robots in recent years were described, including new shielding materials, radiation protection of camera elements, robotic communication, new nuclear emergency robots, parameter optimization of robotic arms, nuclear fuel assembly breakage and leakage monitoring robots, and quick-change devices for nuclear emergency handling robots.
ABSTRACT
Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy(DMD/BMD)is a progressive, destructive neuromuscular disease.It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophy.The mutations come in various forms and the severity of the disease varies.The onset of the disease is insidious, and the initial manifestation is only abnormal serum enzymes.With the progression of the disease, the skeletal muscle and myocardial striated muscle cells are further destroyed, gait abnormalities and myocardial damage gradually appear, and eventually most children die of heart failure.At present, there is no effective radical cure.The existing treatment methods, including oral glucocorticoids and restoring functional dystrophin, are mostly limited to alleviate skeletal muscle symptoms, and are very limited to improve cardiac symptoms.This article reviews the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial damage in DMD/BMD, in order to provide reference for clinical research and gene therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the outcome of asthma in young children after 3 years and the factors associated with the outcome.Methods:A total of 494 children aged 2 to 5 years with asthma diagnosed in 5 hospitals in Beijing from 2016 to 2017 were followed up by telephone using questionnaire survey.Information on the asthma attack, the disease control level, and the comorbidities of allergic diseases in the past 3 years was collected and analyzed.Results:Questionnaires were conducted in 387 children, including 261 males(67.4%)and 126 females(32.6%). Two hundred and forty-six patients(63.6%)had no any asthma symptom(remission) within 3 years, while 141 patients(36.4%)were found with asthma symptom(without remission). The main symptoms were as follows: wheezing in 116 cases(82.3%), recurrent cough in 59 cases(41.8%), shortness of breath in 45 cases(31.9%), chest tightness or waking up at night due to wheezing in 22 cases(15.6%). The causes of asthma attack were respiratory tract infection in 80 cases(56.7%), allergen exposure in 46 cases(32.6%), climate change or cold air stimulation in 59 cases(41.8%), strenuous exercise in 36 cases(25.5%), and irritating odor in 3 cases(2.1%). One-way anova analysis showed that significant difference( P<0.05)was respectively observed in age at follow-up, postnatal tobacco smoke exposure history, repeated respiratory tract infection before asthma onset, personal allergy history, snoring, allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis within 1 year, allergic conjunctivitis within 1 year between the remission group and without remission group.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that tobacco exposure after birth, allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis within 1 year were independent risk factors for the continuation of asthma symptoms to school age( P<0.05). Conclusion:Till the school age, more than 1/3 children still had asthma symptom and the risk factors for the unalleviated symptom were postnatal tobacco exposure, allergic rhinitis within 1 year and allergic conjunctivitis within 1 year.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the relationship between violence exposure and depression in adolescents, and to explore possible moderating effects of emotional balance, so as to provide the evidence reference for understanding the status and characteristics of adolescents violence exposure.@*Methods@#A total of 2 506 middle school students from three middle schools in Ganzhou selected by convenient cluster random sampling. Violence Exposure Scale(VES), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) and Emotional Balance Scale were used for questionnaire survey.@*Results@#There were statistically significant differences in the scores of violence exposure among middle school students of different genders, grades, whether the only child or not, father educational level,mother s educational level and family types ( t/F =3.85, 21.14, 2.90, 7.62, 8.13 ,8.12, P < 0.01 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of depression among middle school students of different genders, grades and family types ( t/F =-7.05, 18.61,7.42, P <0.01 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of emotional balance among middle school students of different genders, grades, father s educational level and mother s educational level ( t/F =7.93, 9.22, 7.71 ,6.86, P <0.01 ) . Emotional balance was positively related to the depressive mood of middle school students ( r =0.34, P < 0.01 )，and emotional balance was negatively related to depression( r =-0.20, P <0.01). Emotional balance had the moderating effect on violence exposure and depression among middle school students ( t =-3.35, β =-0.02, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Violence exposure is related to depression of middle school students. Improving the emotional balance ability of adolescents can effectively reduce the negative effects of violent exposure on early adolescent depression, and reduce the incidence of adolescent depression.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To examine the risk factors for neuropathic pain (NP) after a spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:A total of 115 patients with a SCI were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into an NP group of 53 and a non-NP group of 62 according to the occurrence of NP. Gender, age, length of stay, occupation, level of education, cause of injury, spinal fracture, degree of SCI, the injury′s plane and complications at admission (diabetes, hypertension, anemia, venous thrombosis, pressure sores, urinary tract infection or hypoproteinemia) were recorded. T-tests and chi-squared tests were used to compare those factors between the two groups, and multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated to identify the risk factors for NP.Results:Twenty-three of the 53 cases of NP (43%) had developed within 1 month of the SCI. Thirty-seven (75%) experienced pain below the plane of the SCI. The main features reported were squeezing (34%) and numbness (26%). The multivariate logistic regression showed that the occurrence of NP was most strongly related to gender (women being particularly at risk) and venous thrombosis at admission.Conclusions:Women are at particular risk of feeling NP after an SCI, and venous thrombosis is an independent risk factor. NP should be diagnosed and treated quickly to reduce the negative impact on patients′ life quality.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo reveal the mechanism of action of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by pharmacological research based on its clinical application. MethodThe collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） rat model was established by injecting bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund's adjuvant at the tail， and was treated with different concentrations of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang. The rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， methotrexate （0.9 mg·kg-1） group， and Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang low- and high-dose （5.13， 20.52 g·kg-1·d-1） groups， with continuous intragastric administration for 4 weeks. The degree of joint swelling， weight， degree of foot swelling and arthritis index score were determined and the pathological changes of ankle joints were detected by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining to observe the therapeutic effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang on rheumatoid arthritis. In addition， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and Western blot were used to measure the expression of interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， interleukin 6 （IL-6）， interleukin 10 （IL-10） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） pathway related proteins in synovial tissue， respectively to clarify the molecular mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ResultCompared with the conditions in blank group， the body weight and IL-10 level were decreased （P<0.01）， and the degree of foot swelling and arthritis index score， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α， and the expression of NF-κB pathway related proteins were increased （P<0.01，） in the model group， with impaired morphology and function of the ankle joint. Additionally， compared with the model group， Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang low- and high-dose groups had increased body weight of rats and IL-10 level （P<0.01）， and reduced degree of foot swelling and arthritis index score （P<0.05， P<0.01）， levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01） and expression of NF-κB pathway related proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with improved function and morphology of the ankle joint. ConclusionHuangqi Guizhi Wuwutang can significantly alleviate joint inflammatory injury by down-regulating NF-κB pathway and reducing the inflammatory response in CIA rats.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo study the inhibitory effect of Banxia Houputang （BHT） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation of microglia （BV2） cells and the neuroprotective effect on human neuroblastoma （SH-SY5Y） cells. MethodAfter the neuroinflammatory model was constructed by LPS inducing BV2 cells， model group （LPS 100 µg·L-1）， administration groups （LPS+1 g·L-1 BHT， LPS+2 g·L-1 BHT， LPS+5 g·L-1 BHT， LPS+10 g·L-1 BHT）， and blank group were given DEME medium at the same volume. In addition， neuronal apoptosis model was established by co-culture of LPS-induced BV2 cell inflammation medium and SH-SY5Y cells （LPS-DMEM） and was administrated according to the above grouping. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. The content of nitric oxide （NO） and that of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were determined by Griess aasay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， respectively. The mRNA levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-rime PCR）. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2） and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB p65）， protein kinase B （Akt）， inhibitor of nuclear factor κB α （IκBα）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）. ResultCompared with blank group， LPS increased the NO release， levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， and iNOS and protein expression of Akt， NF-κB p65， IκBα， JAK2 and STAT3， decreased the content of IL-4 and IL-10 in BV2 cells， and induced apoptosis of co-cultured SH-SY5Y cells （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， BHT reduced the content of NO， TNF-α， IL-1β， and iNOS （P<0.01） and protein expression of Akt， NF-κB p65， IκBα， JAK2 and STAT3 （P<0.01）， elevated the content of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.01）， and inhibited the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by LPS-DMEM （P<0.01）. ConclusionThis experiment reveals that BHT inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 cells by regulating Akt/NF-κB/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and showed neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y cells.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the correlation between severity of diabetic retinopathy(DR)and corneal sub-basal nerve plexus(SNP)changes. METHODS: There were 132 patients with 132 eyes in type 2 diabetes(T2DM)and 80 patients with 80 eyes in age-related cataract selected in our hospital from January 2018 to May 2021, among them, there were 52 non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)patients with 52 eyes, 40 non proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)patients with 40 eyes and 40 proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)patients with 40 eyes in T2DM. The general data and corneal laser scanning confocal microscopy were analyzed. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between DR clinical stage and nerve fiber length. RESULTS: There were no differences in gender and age comparisons among 4 groups(P>0.05). The diabetes duration in PDR group was significantly longer than NPDR group and NDR group(P<0.05). The diabetes duration in NPDR group was significantly longer than NDR group(P<0.05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in age-related cataract group were significantly lower than other three groups(P<0.05). The best corrected visual acuity in PDR group was significantly lower than NPDR group and NDR group(P<0.05). The best corrected visual acuity in NPDR group was significantly lower than NDR group(P<0.05). The length of nerve fibers in age-related cataract group was significantly higher than NDR group, NPDR group and PDR group(P<0.05). The length of nerve fibers in PDR group was significantly shorter than NPDR group(P<0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between DR stage and nerve fiber length(rs=-0.347, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between the severity of DR and the changes of corneal SNP. The length of nerve fibers in patients with PDR was significantly shorter than patients with NPDR; Both PDR and NPDR have a loss of neural structure and should pay attention to the evaluation and treatment of ocular surface lesions in the treatment of T2DM fundus lesions.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effects of total laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation and single open-door laminoplasty in the treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 75 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation treated from December 2014 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 65 males and 10 females, aged from 33 to 83 years old with an average of (60.1±11.4) years. According to surgical method, the patients were divided into observation group (36 cases) and control group (39 cases). The observation group was treated with C3-C6 single open-door laminoplasty. In the control group, the C3-C6 whole lamina was opened by "uncovering", and the lateral mass screw was fixed and fused. The general conditions including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay and complications such as axial pain, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, postoperative C5 nerve palsy were recorded. Visual analogue scale(VAS), Nurick pain scale, Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores and American Spinal Injury Association(AISA) injury scale were used to evaluate the improvement of clinical symptoms and related functional recovery 12 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#There were no statistically significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay between two groups(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in JOA, VAS, ASIA and Nurick scores of the all patients between 12 months after surgery and before surgery (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between groups. There was significant difference in the incidence of C5 nerve root palsy and axial pain between two groups(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the complications of cerebrospinal fluid leakage between two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Total laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation and single open-door laminoplasty in treating cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation can obtain satisfactory results in restoring nerve function, alleviating pain and improving daily behavior, but single open-door laminoplasty has the advantages of less trauma and low incidence of complications.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bone Screws , Case-Control Studies , Cervical Cord/surgery , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Female , Humans , Laminectomy/methods , Laminoplasty/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
In recent years, liver fibrosis has become a hotspot in the field of liver diseases. MicroRNA(miRNA)-mediated Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasome activation is pivotal in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The present study mainly discussed the role of miRNA-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Different miRNA molecules regulated liver fibrosis by mediating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, including miRNA-350-3 p(miR-350-3 p)/interleukin-6(IL-6)-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/c-myc signaling pathway, miR-148 a-induced autophagy and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells via hedgehog signaling pathway, miR-155-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome by the negative feedback of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1(SOCS-1), miR-181 a-mediated downstream NLRP3 inflammatory pathway activation through mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB) inflammatory pathway, miR-21-promoted expression of NF-κB and NLRP3 of RAW264.7 cells in mice by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α inducible protein 3(A20), and miR-20 b-promoted expression of IL-1β and IL-18 by activating NLRP3 signaling pathway. Additionally, the anti-liver fibrosis mechanism of different active components in Chinese medicines(such as Curcumae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Epimedii Folium, and Cinnamomi Cortex) was also explored based on the anti-liver fibrosis effect of miRNA-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Hedgehog Proteins , Inflammasomes/metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Mice , MicroRNAs/genetics , NF-kappa B/metabolism , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
The continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata is outstanding, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, microbial changes in soils after G. elata planting were investigated to explore the mechanism correlated with continuous cropping obstacle. The changes of species and abundance of fungi and bacteria in soils planted with G. elata after 1, 2, and 3 years were compared. The pathogenic fungi that might cause continuous cropping diseases of G. elata were isolated. Finally, the prevention and control measures of soil-borne fungal diseases of G. elata were investigated with the rotation planting pattern of "G. elata-Phallus impudicus". The results showed that G. elata planting resulted in the decrease in bacterial and fungal community stability and the increase in harmful fungus species and abundance in soils. This change was most obvious in the second year after G. elata planting, and the soil microbial community structure could not return to the normal level even if it was left idle for another two years. After G. elata planting in soils, the most significant change was observed in Ilyonectria cyclaminicola. The richness of the Ilyonectria fungus in soils was significantly positively correlated with the incidence of G. elata diseases. When I. cyclaminicola was inoculated in the sterile soil, the rot rate of G. elata was also significantly increased. After planting one crop of G. elata and one to three crops of P. impudicus, the fungus community structure in soils gradually recovered, and the abundance of I. cyclaminicola decreased year by year. Furthermore, the disease rate of G. elata decreased. The results showed that the cultivation of G. elata made the Ilyonectria fungi the dominant flora in soils, and I. cyclaminicola served as the main pathogen of continuous cropping diseases of G. elata, which could be reduced by rotation planting with P. impudicus.
Subject(s)
Bacteria , Fungi , Gastrodia/microbiology , Mycobiome , Soil , Soil MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Brown rot is a common disease in the cultivation and production of Gastrodia elata, but its pathogens have not been fully revealed. In this study, the pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified from tubers of 77 G. elata samples with brown rot. Pathogens were identified by the pathogenicity test and morphological and molecular identification. The pathogenicity of each pathogen and its inhibitory effects on Armillaria gallica were compared. The results showed that 119 strains of fungi were isolated from tubers of G. elata infected with brown rot. Among them, the frequency of separation of Ilyonectria fungi was as high as 42.01%. The pathogenicity test showed that the pathogenicity characteristics of six strains of fungi were consistent with the natural symptoms of brown rot in G. elata. The morphological and molecular identification results showed that the six strains belonged to I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta in the Nectriaceae family of Sordariomycetes class, respectively. Both types of fungi could produce pigments, conidia, and chlamycospore, and the growth rate of I. cyclaminicola was significantly higher than that of I. robusta. The comparison of pathogenicity showed that the spots formed by I. cyclaminicola inoculation were significantly larger than those of I. robusta inoculation, suggesting I. cyclaminicola was superior to I. robusta in pathogenicity. The results of confrontation culture showed that I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta could signi-ficantly inhibit the germination and cordage growth of A. gallica. A. gallica also inhibited the growth of pathogens, and I. cyclaminicola was less inhibited as compared with I. robusta. The results of this study revealed for the first time that I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta were the pathogens responsible for G. elata brown rot.