Clinical significance and changes of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid in diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the changes of serum homocysteine(Hcy), vitamin B12(VitB12)and folic acid in the serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR), and to explore their significance in the occurrence and development of DR.METHODS: A case-control study was designed. A total of 95 patients with DR(DR group), 94 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM group)treated in endgcrinology department and 87 patients with age-related cataract(normal control group)from the ophthalmology department of Shenzhen People's Hospital between July 2021 and January 2022 were selected. Fasting venous blood was collected and serum was separated. The concentration of Hcy in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the concentration of VitB12 and folic acid. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between Hcy and clinical parameters. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the main factors which affect Hcy level. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was designed to analyze the diagnostic value of serum Hcy, VitB12 and folic acid in DR.RESULTS: The concentration of serum Hcy in DR group was 16.52±3.54 μmol/L, which was significantly higher than that in DM group(10.86±3.47 μmol/L)and control group(6.84±1.39 μmol/L; all P<0.05); The concentration of VitB12 in the serum of the control group was 501.79±108.95 pmol/L, which was higher than that in DM group(478.57±57.85 pmol/L)and DR group(455.88±181.49 pmol/L), but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.054); The concentration of folic acid in serum of control group was 10.31±2.43 nmol/L, which was higher than that of DM group(9.94±1.90 nmol/L)and DR group(7.27±2.79 nmol/L), and the difference between DR group and DM group was statistically significant(P<0.05); In DR group, Hcy expression was weakly positively correlated with triglyceride and low density lipoprotein(r=0.208, P=0.043; r=0.240, P=0.019). Multivariate linear regression showed that low density lipoprotein was an important factor which affect the expression of Hcy in DR patients. ROC curve shows that Hcy has important value in the diagnosis of DR.CONCLUSIONS: Hcy, VitB12 and folic acid are differentially expressed in DR group, DM group and normal control group. Hcy may be involved in the pathogenesis of DR, and it has important value in the diagnosis of DR. In addition, low density lipoprotein is also an important factor which affects the expression of Hcy.

Predictive value of serum initial brain natriuretic peptide and troponin on functional prognosis in noncardiogenic patients with anterior and posterior circulation cerebral infarction / Valor preditivo dos níveis séricos iniciais do peptídeo natriurético cerebral e da troponina no prognóstico funcional em pacientes não cardiogênicos com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico de circulação anterior e posterior

Abstract Background Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and troponin have a close relationship with cardiogenic cerebral embolism (CCE), but their relationship with noncardiogenic patients with anterior circulation ischemia (ACI) and posterior circulation ischemia (PCI) is not clear. Objective To explore the predictive value of serum initial BNP and troponin on the functional prognosis of patients with noncardiogenic ACI and PCI. Methods Consecutive patients with first-episode cerebral infarction within 12 hours of symptom onset were enrolled in the present 1-year prospective cohort study. Serum levels of BNP and troponin were collected within 12 hours of onset. Infarction location was classified as ACI and PCI by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). According to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days after onset, ACI and PCI cases were respectively divided into a good prognosis group (mRS score between 0 and 2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS score between 3 and 6). The general state of health and results of laboratory examinations and other auxiliary examinations of all patients were recorded. Single-factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between serum levels of BNP, troponin, and functional outcome. Results The multivariate logistic regression found that higher levels of initial BNP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.024; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006-1.041; p = 0.007) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 1.184; 95%CI: 1.024-1.369; p = 0.022) were independent predictors of poor functional prognosis of noncardiogenic PCI at 90 days after onset after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, history of hypertension and of diabetes. Conclusions The levels of initial BNP and CRP were related to poor functional outcomes in noncardiogenic PCI patients at 3 months, independent of troponin.

Resumo Antecedentes O peptídeo natriurético cerebral (BNP, na sigla em inglês) e a troponina estão intimamente relacionados com a embolia cerebral cardiogênica (CCE, na sigla em inglês), mas a relação com pacientes não cardioembólicos com isquemia de circulação anterior (ICA) e isquemia de circulação posterior (ICP) não é clara. Objetivo Investigar o valor preditivo dos níveis séricos iniciais do BNP e da troponina no prognóstico de pacientes com AVC isquêmico não cardiogênico. Métodos Os níveis séricos de BNP e de troponina foram recolhidos de pacientes com primeiro episódio de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico dentro de 12 horas após o início dos sintomas, com localização classificada como ICA e ICP de acordo com exame de ressonância magnética (RM). De acordo com a pontuação modificada da escala de Rankin (mRS), aos 90 dias após o início dos sintomas, ICA e ICP foram divididas respectivamente em um grupo de bom prognóstico (mRS entre 0 e2) e em um grupo de mau prognóstico (mRS entre 3 e 6). Foram registrados exames laboratoriais e outros exames complementares de todos os pacientes. Foram utilizadas análise fatorial única e análise de regressão logística multivariada para investigar a relação entre os níveis séricos de BNP e de troponina e o resultado funcional. Resultados A regressão logística multivariada evidenciou que os níveis mais altos de BNP inicial (odds ratio [OR] = 1,024, intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%: 1,006-1,041; p = 0,007) e proteína C reativa (CRP, na sigla em inglês) (OR = 1,184; 95%CI: 1,024-1,369; p = 0,022) foram preditores independentes de mau prognóstico funcional da ICP não cardiogênica aos 90 dias após o início dos sintomas. Conclusões Os níveis iniciais de BNP e CRP se associaram a maus resultados funcionais em pacientes com ICP não cardiogênica aos três meses, independentemente da troponina.

Establishment of lens opacity model in Grx2 knockout mice based on CRISPR/cas9 system and the role of Grx2 in the pathogenesis of cataract / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To explore the role of Grx2 in the pathogenesis of cataract by establishing Grx2 knockout (KO) and knockin (KI) mouse models. Methods:Ten black C57BL/6J mice were selected to make Grx2 KO model ( n=5) and Grx2 KI model ( n=5) using CRISPR/Cas9 system.The offspring mice were sequenced by tail clipping and included in the corresponding experimental group according to the genotype.The general condition and lens opacity was recorded.After the mice were sacrificed, the pathological changes of lens were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The relative expression levels of Grx2, glutathione (GSH), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in mice lens were assayed.The use and feeding of experimental animals were in accordance with the Regulations on the Management of Experimental Animals issued by the State Science and Technology Commission.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No.2020-125). Results:The offspring of Grx2 KO and Grx2 KI homozygous and heterozygous mice were confirmed by tail cutting nested PCR and gene sequencing.Compared with the wild type (WT) mice of same age, the lens opacity of Grx2 KO heterozygous mice occurred earlier, while the lens of Grx2 KI homozygous mice remained transparent all the time.A large number of gaps and vacuoles were found in the lens fibers of 5-month-old Grx2 KO mice.The 8-OHdG content and ROS fluorescence intensity in the lens of 5-month-old Grx2 KO mice were (3.886±0.326)ng/ml and 1 594±132, which were significantly higher than (3.531±0.250)ng/ml and 1 157±123 in WT mice ( t=2.711, P=0.033; t=3.384, P=0.028).The relative expression levels of Grx2, GSH and Bcl-2 in the lens of 5-month-old Grx2 KO mice were 0.23±0.01, 0.70±0.06 and 0.32±0.03, which were significantly lower than 0.52±0.02, 1.04±0.08 and 0.49±0.04 of WT mice ( t=2.815, P=0.020; t=2.457, P=0.033; t=2.279, P=0.041). Conclusions:Grx2 KO and Grx2 KI mouse models are successfully established in this study.The occurrence and development of age-related cataract are accelerated in Grx2 KO mice.

Dysregulated expression of miR-92a-3p in senile osteoporosis and its diagnostic value in hip fragility fractures / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of miR-92a-3p in senile osteoporosis (OP) and its diagnostic value in hip fragility fractures.Methods:With the help of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website, the data sets related to OP and miRNA were retrieved and analyzed and screened to obtain the target miRNA. Serum samples were collectedfrom 53 OP patients and 24 healthy people, and the OP patients were divided into hip fragility fracture group (OP_F; n=30) and no hip fragility fracture group (OP_WF; n=23). The subjects' bone mineral density and serum bone metabolism markers were measured: calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone alkaline phosphatase, serum C-terminal peptide. The expression levels of target miRNAs in serum samples were detected by qRT-PCR. Chi-square test, t test, Spearman rank correlation and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) were used to analyze the potential relationship between the expression level of miR-92a-3p and the clinical characteristics of patients.Results:According to the analysis of NCBI website, the expression of miR-92a-3p in OP patients was higher ( t=3.41, P=0.007) than that in healthy people, and the expression level of miR-1304-5p was lower ( t=5.13, P<0.001). qRT-PCR experiments confirmed the above results, and further found that the expression of miR-92a-3p in the OP_F group was significantly higher than that in the OP_WF group (t=3.01, P=0.004), but there was no significant difference in miR-1304-5p between the two groups (t=0.71, P=0.480). Compared with the healthy control group, the BMI ( t=2.71, P=0.008), bone mineral density score ( t=29.02, P<0.001), calcium ( t=61.20, P<0.001), phosphorus ( t=2.54, P=0.013), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (t=3.01, P=0.004) ,bone alkaline phosphatase ( t=12.56, P<0.001), and serum C-terminal peptide ( t=7.52, P<0.001) levels were statistically different between the OP patient group and the healthy control group. Compared with the OP_WF group, the bone mineral density score ( t=2.08, P=0.042), calcium ( t=15.75, P<0.001), bone alkaline phosphatase ( t=2.02, P=0.049) and serum C-terminal peptide ( t=3.39, P=0.001) levels were statistically different between the OP_F group and the OP_WF group. Bone mineral density score and bone alkaline phosphatase concentration were related to the expression of miR-92a-3p and were negatively and positively correlated ( r=0.416, P=0.022), respectively ( r=-0.403, P=0.027). The area under the ROC curve was 0.723, and the level of miR-92a-3p had potential significance in the diagnosis of hip fragility fractures ( P=0.006) . Conclusion:miR-92a-3p is highly expressed in OP and has biological significance for the diagnosis of hip fragility fractures.

Research progress of intracameral moxifloxacin in the prevention of bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery / 中华实验眼科杂志

Postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) is a serious vision-threatening complication of cataract surgery, with an incidence rate of 0.033%-0.11% in China.In recent years, numerous retrospective studies and data analyses have reported that intracameral injection of antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of bacterial endophthalmitis, which commonly include cefuroxime, vancomycin and moxifloxacin.Globally, due to factors such as the availability, cost-effectiveness, and types of pathogens of POE, the drug choice varies to a large extent.Adverse events caused by antibiotics in the intracameral injection often occur, including macular edema, retinal vascular leakage, and uveitis caused by overdose of cefuroxime, and complications such as hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis obliterans due to vancomycin.Moxifloxacin, as a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone, has a significant effect on the prevention of bacterial endophthalmitis.Studies in the past five years related to moxifloxacin, and the significant advantages of moxifloxacin in the prevention of bacterial endophthalmitis, drug safety, duration of intracameral drug, and cost-effectiveness were summarized in this article.

Comparative Study between ZOOMit and Conventional Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI for Assessing Parotid Gland Abnormalities in Patients with Early- or Mid-Stage Sjögren’s Syndrome

Objective@#To compare the reproducibility and performance of quantitative metrics between ZOOMit and conventional intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of early- and mid-stage Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). @*Materials and Methods@#Twenty-two patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 52.0 ± 10.8 years; male:female, 2:20) with early- or mid-stage SS and 20 healthy controls (46.9 ± 14.6 years; male:female, 7:13) were prospectively enrolled in our study.ZOOMit IVIM and conventional IVIM MRI were performed simultaneously in all individuals using a 3T scanner. Quantitative IVIM parameters - including tissue diffusivity (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) - inter- and intra-observer reproducibility in measuring these parameters, and their ability to distinguish patients with SS from healthy individuals were assessed and compared between ZOOMit IVIM and conventional IVIM methods, appropriately. MR gland nodular grade (MRG) was also examined. @*Results@#Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was better with ZOOMit imaging than with conventional IVIM imaging (ZOOMit vs. conventional, intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.897–0.941 vs. 0.667–0.782 for inter-observer reproducibility and 0.891–0.968 vs. 0.814–0.853 for intra-observer reproducibility). Significant differences in ZOOMit f, ZOOMit D*, conventional D*, and MRG between patients with SS and healthy individuals (all p < 0.05) were observed. ZOOMit D* outperformed conventional D* in diagnosing early- and mid-stage SS (area under receiver operating curve, 0.867 and 0.658, respectively; p = 0.002). The combination of ZOOMit D*, MRG, and ZOOMit f as a new diagnostic index for SS, increased diagnostic area under the curve to 0.961, which was higher than that of any single parameter (all p < 0.01). @*Conclusion@#Considering its better reproducibility and performance, ZOOMit IVIM may be preferred over conventional IVIM MRI, and may subsequently improve the ability to diagnose early- and mid-stage SS.

Preadmission follow-up condition of neonates hospitalized due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics and influencing factors for follow-up compliance: a multicenter investigation / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the preadmission follow-up condition of neonates hospitalized due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics and the influencing factors for follow-up compliance.@*METHODS@#A multicenter retrospective case-control study was performed for the cases from the multicenter clinical database of 12 units in the Quality Improvement Clinical Research Cooperative Group of Neonatal Severe Hyperbilirubinemia in Jiangsu Province of China from January 2019 to April 2021. According to whether the follow-up of neonatal jaundice was conducted on time after discharge from the department of obstetrics, the neonates were divided into two groups: good follow-up compliance and poor follow-up compliance. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the influencing factors for follow-up compliance of the neonates before admission.@*RESULTS@#A total of 545 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia were included in the study, with 156 neonates (28.6%) in the good follow-up compliance group and 389 (71.4%) in the poor follow-up compliance group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low gestational age at birth, ≥10% reduction in body weight on admission compared with birth weight, history of phototherapy of siblings, history of exchange transfusion of siblings, Rh(-) blood type of the mother, a higher educational level of the mother, the use of WeChat official account by medical staff to remind of follow-up before discharge from the department of obstetrics, and the method of telephone notification to remind of follow-up after discharge were associated with the increase in follow-up compliance (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Poor follow-up compliance is observed for the neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics, which suggests that it is necessary to further strengthen the education of jaundice to parents before discharge and improve the awareness of jaundice follow-up. It is recommended to remind parents to follow up on time by phone or WeChat official account.

20-Hydroxyecdysone Improves Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells in High Power Microwave Radiation-Exposed Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The hippocampus is thought to be a vulnerable target of microwave exposure. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) acted as a fate regulator of adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Furthermore, we investigated if 20E attenuated high power microwave (HMP) radiation-induced learning and memory deficits.@*Methods@#Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal controls, radiation treated, and radiation+20E treated. Rats in the radiation and radiation+20E treatment groups were exposed to HPM radiation from a microwave emission system. The learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Primary adult rat hippocampal NSCs were isolated in vitro and cultured to evaluate their proliferation and differentiation. In addition, hematoxylin & eosin staining, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to detect changes in the rat brain and the proliferation and differentiation of the adult rat hippocampal NSCs after HPM radiation exposure.@*Results@#The results showed that 20E induced neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal NSCs from HPM radiation-exposed rats via the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro. Furthermore, 20E facilitated neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the rat brain following HPM radiation exposure. Administration of 20E attenuated learning and memory deficits in HPM radiation-exposed rats and frizzled-related protein (FRZB) reduced the 20E-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, while FRZB treatment also reversed 20E-induced neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro.@*Conclusion@#These results suggested that 20E was a fate regulator of adult rat hippocampal NSCs, where it played a role in attenuating HPM radiation-induced learning and memory deficits.

Performance evaluation of some domestically produced biochemical reagents / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To evaluation the performance of a total of 40 clinical biochemical reagents from three domestic manufacturers and two foreign manufacturers, and evaluate their clinical application value.Methods:The Beckman AU5400 automatic biochemical analyzer was used to verify the performance of 40 kinds of commonly used clinical biochemical reagents from three domestic manufacturers of Sichuan Maccura, Ningbo Medical System, and Shanghai Fosun Long March, and two foreign imported manufacturers of Roche and Japan′s Hitachi. The analysis samples were selected from the serum of patients who underwent clinical testing in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital hospital from December 2021 to June 2022. Refer to China′s national health industry standards, China′s national pharmaceutical industry standards, the US Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for the performance evaluation standards of in vitro diagnostic reagents, and the methods recommended in the relevant regulations of China′s State Food and Drug Administration on the management of in vitro diagnostic reagents. The precision, linear range, open bottle stability, interchangeability of calibrators and accuracy from different batches of 40 reagents were evaluated and validated. Simple linear regression analysis was used for linear regression, and P<0.05 indicated that the regression was statistically significant. Results:The overall precisions of 40 reagents were fine, except for one domestic reagent with low-level intra-batch coefficient of variation ( CV) exceeding the range declared in the specification. The intra-and inter-batch CVs of the remaining reagents were all smaller than those declared in their respective specifications. The linear ranges of domestic reagents and imported ones have achieved the linear ranges declared by each manufacturer. There were no statistical differences on the measurements between the reagents from open bottle of 30 days and the corresponding new ones for 40 reagents( P>0.05). The test values of domestic reagents and imported reagents after exchange of different batches of calibrators were within the ranges declared by each manufacturer. Both domestic reagents and imported reagents have passed the accuracy verification. Conclusions:The performance index of 27 biochemical detection indicators of the three domestic manufacturers are basically consistent with those of imported reagents, meeting the requirements of clinical biochemical laboratories. However, the bottle opening stability and anti-interference performance of some detection reagents needs to be improved.

Association between Internet gaming disorder and sleep quality among junior middle school student of Xi an City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and sleep quality in adolescents of Xi an, thereby providing theoretical evidence for prevention of IGD and improvement of sleep quality of adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 181 adolescents from 3 middle schools of Xi an were randomly selected between August, 2019 and February, 2020. These adolescents were assessed by a series of questionnaires, including basic information questionnaire, IGD and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to evaluate the association between IGD and insomnia.@*Results@#Among 929 junior middle school students who participated in online games and the IGD Diagnostic Questionnaire was filled out in the past 12 months, the prevalence of IGD was 20.0%(186). Univariate analyses indicated that gender,whether single family, whether they living with their parents, whether they were addicted to online games, whether they could control the time of online games, and the severity of insomnia influenced IGD ( χ 2=17.11, 8.33, 202.92, 91.23, 29.06, P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression of the total population showed that participating in online games was not associated with the severity of insomnia ( OR = 1.62 , 95% CI =0.92-0.85, P >0.05). The people who participated in online games in the past 12 monthsthe severity of insomnia was positively correlated with the risk of IGD ( OR =3.56，95% CI =1.92-6.61, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Internet gaming disorder become a severe situation in the middle school students. The severity of insomnia might become the risk factor of IGD, so social should pay more attention to the prevention of internet addiction.

Association between Internet gaming disorder and sleep quality among junior middle school student of Xi an City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and sleep quality in adolescents of Xi an, thereby providing theoretical evidence for prevention of IGD and improvement of sleep quality of adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 181 adolescents from 3 middle schools of Xi an were randomly selected between August, 2019 and February, 2020. These adolescents were assessed by a series of questionnaires, including basic information questionnaire, IGD and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to evaluate the association between IGD and insomnia.@*Results@#Among 929 junior middle school students who participated in online games and the IGD Diagnostic Questionnaire was filled out in the past 12 months, the prevalence of IGD was 20.0%(186). Univariate analyses indicated that gender,whether single family, whether they living with their parents, whether they were addicted to online games, whether they could control the time of online games, and the severity of insomnia influenced IGD ( χ 2=17.11, 8.33, 202.92, 91.23, 29.06, P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression of the total population showed that participating in online games was not associated with the severity of insomnia ( OR = 1.62 , 95% CI =0.92-0.85, P >0.05). The people who participated in online games in the past 12 monthsthe severity of insomnia was positively correlated with the risk of IGD ( OR =3.56，95% CI =1.92-6.61, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Internet gaming disorder become a severe situation in the middle school students. The severity of insomnia might become the risk factor of IGD, so social should pay more attention to the prevention of internet addiction.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020, and to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategy. Methods: In April 2021 , the cases of pneumoconiosis were monitored by the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020. The distribution of pneumoconiosis, the composition of diseases and the working years exposed to dust were analyzed. Results: All 1026 cases of pneumoconiosis were newly diagnosed in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020, silicosis and coal worker pneumoconiosis were the main diseases (78.36% ,804/1026). Stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis were 484 (47.17%,484/1026) cases. 359 (34.99%,359/1026) cases, 315 (30.70%,315/1026) cases and 252 (24.56%, 252/1026) cases had been diagnosed respectively in Xining City, Haidong City and Haixi Prefecture; 628 (61.21%,628/1026) cases and 418 (40.74%, 418/1026) cases engaged in mining industry and large-sized enterprise, respectively. The working years exposed to dust in silicosis cases were shorter than that in coal worker pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis (P <0.05). Conclusion: The pneumoconiosis area and industry focus in Qinghai Province is obvious. The supervision and adninistration of small and micro scale employers should be strengthened to protect the health rights and interests of workers, especially for the key area and industry.

Correlation of NTRK genetic fusions with mismatch repair protein deletion in patients with colorectal cancer / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of four mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2) and NTRK genetic fusions in colorectal cancer. Methods: The paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 830 cases of colorectal cancer were collected at the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, China, from 2015 to 2019. Immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) method were used respectively to detect the expression of mismatch repair proteins and the break-apart of NTRKs; and the relationship between the expression of mismatch repair proteins and the NTRK genetic fusions was analyzed. Results: The overall mismatch repair protein deficiency (dMMR) rate was 9.88% (82/830), the mismatch repair proteins proficiency (pMMR) rate was 90.12%(748/830). The total deficiency rate of MLH1 protein was 9.04% (75/830), hPMS2 protein deficiency rate was 9.04% (75/830), MSH2 protein deficiency rate was 2.53% (21/830), MSH6 protein deficiency rate was 4.10% (34/830), the deficiency rate of synchronous MLH1 and PMS2 were 8.67% (72/830) and the deficiency rate of synchronous MSH2 and MSH6 were 2.17% (18/830). The dMMR group was associated with tumor location, different histological subgroups, tumor differentiation, AJCC stage and N stage (P<0.05). There were six cases (7.32%) carrying NTRK fusion by FISH among the 82 cases of dMMR, but only seven cases (0.94%) carrying NTRK fusion among the 748 cases of PMMR. The NTRKs translocation by FISH in all 13 cases were further confirmed by next generation sequencing. Among the clinicopathological characteristics, only differentiation showed significant difference between NTRK fusion positive and negative groups (P<0.05). More importantly, NTRK fusion was enriched in dMMR group (7.32% vs. 0.94%). Conclusion: In dMMR colorectal cancer group, the prevalence of NTRK fusion is higher than that in pMMR group.

Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adulthood substance use among lesbians / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and substance use behaviors among lesbians to provide a scientific basis for high-risk population identification and formulation of targeted intervention measures. Methods: Lesbians who participated in routine AIDS voluntary counseling, testing services, activities, and peer recommendations were recruited from July to December 2018, with the help of LesPark in Beijing. Convenient sampling method was used. Demographic characteristics, ACE, and substance use behaviors of subjects were investigated using an online platform powered by www.wjx.cn. Subsequently, the associations between ACE and adulthood substance use behaviors were evaluated using the logistic regression model. The SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 294 lesbians were recruited in the study, 81.3% (239/294) of them were lesbians, and 18.7% (55/294) were bisexuals. Besides, 55.8% (164/294) of subjects reported they had had ACE, with proportions of lesbians experiencing abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction as 33.3% (98/294), 24.5% (72/294), and 32.7% (96/294), respectively. 55.1% (162/294) of the lesbians reported they had smoked in the past 30 days, 11.2% (33/294) reported having drug-use behavior in the past three months, and 22.8% (67/294) claimed drinking alcohol weekly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lesbians with ACE were at high risks to smoke (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.13-3.08), drink (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.18-3.84), and use drugs (OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.29-8.61) in adulthood. Moreover, lesbians with childhood family dysfunction were at higher risk of smoking cigarettes (OR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.46-4.62) and drinking alcohol (OR=2.65, 95%CI: 1.44-4.87). At the same time, those with abuse experience were at higher risk of drug use (OR=3.17, 95%CI: 1.26-7.96). Conclusions: Substance use behaviors, including cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol, and drugs use, were common among lesbians. Positive associations were found between ACE and adulthood substance use behaviors.

Associations between gene polymorphisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and the susceptibility to hepatitis B virus related liver cirrhosis / 中华预防医学杂志

To investigate the associations between gene polymorphisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and liver cirrhosis (LC) after hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A case-control study was conducted in 243 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis (HBV-LC, case group) and 486 HBV-infected subjects without LC (non-LC, control group) collected from January 2018 to September 2020 at the Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of STAT3 gene, including rs4796793C>G, rs2293152C>G, and rs1053004T>C were selected through literature and biological information database, and the genotypes were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR). The distribution differences of STAT3 SNPs genotypes between the two groups were compared using Chi-square test and haplotype analysis was conducted by Shesis online. The proportion of HBV C genotype in HBV-LC patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (80.91% vs. 70.79%, χ2=7.109, P=0.008), while the logarithm of ALT was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.78±0.43 vs. 1.95±0.54, t=3.801, P=0.000). The genotypes distributions of rs4796793, rs2293152, and rs1053004 were not significantly different between HBV-LC and non-LC in overall analysis and stratified analysis by gender (χ²=2.610, 1.505, 0.586, 2.653, 2.685, 1.583, 0.351, 5.388, 0.339, respectively, P>0.05 for each). Among the subjects infected with HBV genotype C, rs1053004 CC (vs. TT) significantly increased the risk of HBV-LC [odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.91]. Among the HBV-infected subjects with HBeAg negative, rs4796793 GG genotype (vs. CC) and G allele (vs. C) significantly increased the risks of HBV-LC (OR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.11-4.23; OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.06-1.97, respectively). Haplotypes analysis showed that the frequency of haplotype C-G-T composed of rs4796793, rs2293152, and rs1053004 was significantly lower in HBV-LC than that in the control group (non-LC) (27.3% vs. 35.6%, χ²=9.949, P = 0.001). The correlation between STAT3 and HBV-LC is different in HBV-infected subjects with different infection status. The HBV-infected subjects carrying haplotype rs4796793C-rs2293152G-rs1053004T of STAT3 gene have significantly decreased risk of LC.

Analysis on prevalence and epidemic risk of animal plague in different ecological plague foci in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 中华预防医学杂志

The risk of plague epidemics and relapse of various types of plague foci persists in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. For Marmota sibirica plague foci, the animal plague has not been found but antibody has been detected positive. Nowadays, Marmota sibirica has been increasing in population and distribution in China. In bordering countries Mongolia and Russia, the animal plague has been continuously prevalent. For Spermophilus dauricus plague foci, the animal plague has been taken place now and then. Compared to the above foci, the animal plague is most prevalent in Meriones unguiculatus plague foci and frequently spread to humans. Due to higher strain virulence and historical disaster in Marmota sibirica plague foci and Spermophilus dauricus plague foci, plague prevention and control should be strengthened on these foci. In addition to routine surveillance, epidemic dynamics need to be further monitored in these two foci, in order to prevent their relapse and spread to humans.

Research progress on immune mechanism of dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The dry eye is a common ocular surface disease caused by multiple factors with multiple pathogenesis. With the increasing morbidity of dry eye in our country year by year, dry eye has gradually attracted people's attention. The pathogenesis of dry eye is more complicated whose critical influencing factors include inflammation, corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell changes, tear film composition changes, corneal nerve changes, and meibomian gland dysfunction and so on. The tear film hypertonicity leads to the hypertonicity of the ocular surface epithelial cells, stimulating the cascade of inflammation, which is the most critical part among the pathogenesis of dry eye. A variety of inflammatory mediators and immune cells are involved in this process, and more and more people have reached a consensus that the dry eye is an antigen-specific autoimmune inflammatory disease and they are closely correlated with each. In clinical treatment, various anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs promoting tear secretion mark the rapid development of drug therapy for dry eye to some extent, but dry eye treatment is not only to improve symptoms, but to carry out treatment according to specific etiology. Recently, researches on the immune mechanism of dry eye have been increasing. This article reviewed on the immune progress of dry eye to realize the clinical significance and systematically understand the role of which in the occurrence and development of dry eye.

Establishment of a rapid method for quality assessment of cardiotonic effect of Shengfupian / 药学学报

Based on the similar structure of adrenaline shared by higenamine (HI), salsolinol (SA) and coryneine (CO), a photochemical colorimetric sensor based on the displacement reaction of o-diphenol hydroxyl group and alizarin red S-phenylboric acid system was constructed to quickly distinguish and identify the cardiac strength of Shengfupian. The results show that the optimal condition of the sensor is: the molar ratio of alizarin red S (ARS) to phenylboric acid (PA) is 1∶3, reaction temperature is 0 ℃; The preparation method of the sample solution is optimized as follows: 2.5 g of Shengfupian powder was taken, 10 times the amount of methanol was added, and 300 W, 40 kHz ultrasound was carried out for 15 min; methodological studies showed that the method had good precision, repeatability and stability. The |△G| value (G is green, |△G| = |G after - G before|) of each sample was obtained by response values determination of 14 batches of Shengfupian. LC-MS/MS was used to determine the contents of three cardiac components in Shengfupian. It was found that the order of the total contents of cardiotonic components was basically consistent with |△G|. Then the correlation was analyzed, and the correlation coefficient R2 was as high as 0.87, which proved the scientificity and accuracy of this method. This study fills the methodological gap of rapid evaluation of the quality of Shengfupian, and provides the key technical support for the high quality and good price of Shengfupian in the market circulation and clinical application.

First-dose response of part-time versus full-time occlusion therapy for the treatment of amblyopia in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of the first follow-up visit after daily partial or full-day occlusion of the dominant eye in patients with unilateral amblyopia and assess the maximum efficacy produced by different amounts of occlusion.METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was conducted on 135 cases of unilateral amblyopia cured in our hospital's outpatient clinic from January 2020 to December 2021. They were divided into 2h/d occlusion group, 6h/d occlusion group and all-day occlusion group according to the duration of occlusion, with fine sight training of amblyopic eyes. The effect of the first dose(baseline visual acuity-first review visual acuity), cured visual acuity, stereo vision at the first review and cure time of amblyopic eyes were recorded. The factors affecting the first dose effect in patients with unilateral amblyopia were also analyzed.RESULTS: All patients had a baseline visual acuity of 0.4(0.22, 0.52), a first follow-up visual acuity of 0.22(0.15, 0.3), a first-dose effect of 0.1(0.08, 0.18), and a visual acuity of 0(-0.08, 0.05)when amblyopia cured. The first-dose effects were 0.08(0.07, 0.12)for patients in the 2h/d occlusion group, 0.18(0.08, 0.3)for the 6h/d occlusion group, and 0.10(0.08, 0.18)for the all-day occlusion group. The most significant first-dose effect was the 6h/d occlusion group(P&#x003C;0.05); Analysis of different influencing factors showed that the highest values of the first-dose effect of 6h/d occlusion were in the 3-6 years group, 7-12 years group, female group, strabismic amblyopia group and mild to moderate group(P&#x003C;0.05); Furthermore, the first dose effect of the 6h/d occlusion was positively correlated with cure time of amblyopic eyes(rs=0.334, P=0.038). At the first follow-up, 21 cases(53.8%)had improved Titmus stereo visual acuity in the 6h/d occlusion group, which was higher than that in the 2h/d and all-day occlusion groups [16 cases(41.0%), 13 cases(22.8%), P&#x003C;0.017].CONCLUSIONS: For monocular amblyopia, the first-dose effect of 6h/d occlusion treatment was the most significant, and the recovery of stereopsis was the best.

Wutou Chishizhi Wan Regulates Autophagy and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Wutou Chishizhi Wan in regulating autophagy and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β） signaling pathway in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI）. MethodSixty male SD rats were randomly assigned into the normal group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， positive control （trimetazidine， 5.4 mg·kg-1） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.63， 4.9， 14.7 g·kg-1， respectively） Wutou Chishizhi Wan groups， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in other groups except the normal group underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for modeling. Electrocardiogram was employed to detect the ST-segment elevation to evaluate the modeling. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to reveal the damage of myocardial tissue. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and creatine kinase （CK） were determined by colorimetry， and those of cardiac troponin T （cTnT） and myoglobin （MYO） by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was carried out to determine the protein levels of microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， autophagy-related gene Beclin-1， PI3K， Akt， GSK-3β， p-GSK-3β， and p-Akt. ResultCompared with the normal group， the modeling elevated the serum levels of AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO （P<0.01）， destroyed the arrangement of myocardial cells abd nucle， twisted and broken myocardial fibers， up-regulated the protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and Beclin-1 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein levels of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， trimetazidine and Wutou Chishizhi Wan （all the doses） lowered the levels of AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO in serum （P<0.01）， restored the arrangement of myocardial cells and muscle fibers， reduced necrosis， down-regulated the protein level of Beclin-1 （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the protein levels of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β （P<0.01）. Additionally， Wutou Chishizhi Wan （all the doses） down-regulated the protein level of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the trimetazidine group， the serum AST level rose in the low-dose Wutou Chishizhi Wan group （P<0.05） and declined in the high-dose group （P<0.01）， and the protein level of Beclin-1 was down-regulated in the medium-dose group （P<0.01）. Additionally， the trimetazidine group had higher protein level of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ than medium- and high-dose Wutou Chishizhi Wan groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， higher protein level of PI3K than low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （P<0.01）， lower protein level of p-Akt than low- and medium-dose groups （P<0.01）， and higher p-GSK-3β protein level than the medium-dose group （P<0.01）. ConclusionDifferent doses of Wutou Chishizhi Wan can ameliorate MIRI， and the high dose has the best effect. Wutou Chishizhi Wan can reduce the activity of myocardial injury markers AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO， and alleviate the pathological damage of myocardial tissue. It can down-regulate the protein levels of beclin-1， LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ， and up-regulate those of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β. In summary， Wutou Chishizhi Wan may inhibit excessive autophagy and regulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway to exert protective effect on MIRI rats.