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OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Lindera aggregata. METHODS: Various column chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as hydroxylindestrenolide (I), linderalactone (II), pseudone-olinderane(III), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(IV), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside(V), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactopyrano-side(VI), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (VII), quercetin-3-O-(2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) -α-L-arabinofuranoside (VII), querce-tin-3-O-(2″-O-β-Z)-glucx)pyranosyl) -β-D-xylopyranoside(IX), syringoside (X), acantrifoside E(XI), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(XII). CONCLUSION: The compounds VI-XII were isolated from Lindera genus for the first time.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) and genotypes of hepatitis E virus in 8 species of animals including swine, cattle, sheep, horse, donkey, dog, chicken and duck in the suburb of Beijing. Methods Serum samples were collected from the 8 species of animals, and fecal samples of younger swine were collected from 2 stock farms. Anti-HEV was detected by Double Antigen Sandwich Assay. HEV RNA from fecal samples was detected by a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR). Parts of the PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The swine HEV sequences were analyzed genetically. Results The positive rates of anti-HEV in serum specimens of swine, cattle, horse, donkey, sheep, dog, duck and chicken were 80.43%(481/598), 15.02%(52/346), 14.29%(40/280) ,0(0/26) ,9.88%(33/334), 0(0/ 21) ,3.03% (7/231) and 2.53%(8/316), respectively. The anti-HEV prevalence of adult swine(≥6 months)and younger swine(≤3 months)were 87.86%(369/420)and 62.92%(112/178)respectively. 74 of 111 (66.67% ) pig faces were positive for HEV RNA. Sequence analysis on these positive samples showed that there were 6 groups of HEV designated as bjsw1, bjsw2, bjsw3, bjsw4, bjsw5 and bjsw6. The 6 strains of HEV shared 94.5%-99.6% sequence identity of partial HEV ORF2 nucleotide with each other. The identities of HEV ORF2 nucleotide sequences between the 6 strains and genotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 75.6%-78.6% , 75.6%-76.2%, 77.1%-80.7% and 83.7%-94.5%, respectively. The sequence identity between the 6 strains and human HEV genotype 4d was 90.0%-94.5% . Conclusion HEV infection was seen in swine, cattle, horse, sheep, duck and chicken in the suburbs of Beijing. The anti-HEV positive rate appeared the highest in swine and the lowest in dog and donkey. The six strains of HEV isolated from younger swine belonged to genotype 4d.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the metabolites of marine fungus Alternalia sp.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were separated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by means of chemical and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of the fermentation of marine fungus Alternalia sp. Their structures were elucidated as p-benzyloxy-phenol ( I ), p-hydroxy phenyl ethylamine( II ), 3-hydroxymethyl-8-hydroxyl-pyrrolopiperazine-2, 5-dione ( III ), 3-isobutyl-6-secbutyl-piperazine-2, 5-dione (IV), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-ergosta-6, 22-diene-3beta-ol (V), 3beta-hydroxxy-cholesta-5-ene (VI).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds I , II, III, IV have the activity of inducing morphological deformation of mycelia germinated from conidia of Pyricularia oryzae. Compounds I , II , III were isolated from the genus Alternalia for the first time.</p>