Recommendations for prescription review of antipyretic-analgesics in symptomatic treatment of children with fever / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Modified strict sperm morphology threshold aids in the clinical selection of conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

For infertility treatment, the selection of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is decided by multiplying indicators (including fallopian tube factors, semen count, and semen motility), except for sperm morphology. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis, from implantation to birth, over a period of 5 years. A total of 1873 couples with primary or secondary fallopian tube factors and an increased defective sperm morphology rate (DSMR) were divided into different groups to receive IVF or ICSI cycles. By comparing the outcomes, we found that the F1 group (DSMR <96%, IVF group 1) had higher cleavage rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate than the F3 group (DSMR >98%, IVF group 3; P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the ICSI subgroups. Furthermore, a comparison of the outcomes between IVF and ICSI showed that the S3 group (DSMR >98%, ICSI group 3) had higher cleavage rate (P < 0.001), biochemical pregnancy rate (P < 0.05), clinical pregnancy rate (P < 0.05) and live birth rate (P < 0.05) than the F3 group. However, the ICSI subgroup had a lower two pronuclei fertilization rate than the IVF subgroup (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that the sperm morphology should also be considered when selecting IVF or ICSI combined with other semen parameters before the first assisted reproductive technologies (ART) cycle, especially for males with severe sperm defects.

Cross-talk between CXC chemokine ligand 10-CXC chemokine receptor 3 axis and CC chemokine ligand 17-CC chemokine receptor 4 axis in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to determine whether a correlation existed between CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10)-CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17)-CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP).@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood of OLP patients (non-erosive and erosive groups) and healthy controls were collected, and T cells were isolated and purified. T cells were co-cultured with three groups: blank, anti-CXCR3, and anti-CCR4. CXCR3 and CCR4 expression were detected by flow cytometry, and CXCL10 and CCL17 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The purities of T cells were all >95% in the three groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Two axes interact with each other in the pathogenesis of OLP and may play different roles in its occurrence and development.

Effect of acupuncture on pain-emotion related brain regions in patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type: a fMRI study / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the changes of functional connectivity of brain pain-emotion regulation region in patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).@*METHODS@#Thirty-two subjects were selected. Of them, 16 patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type were divided into an observation group and 16 healthy subjects into a control group. The patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at Tianzhu (BL 10), Jingbailao (EX-HN 15), Jianzhongshu (SI 15) and @*RESULTS@#In the observation group, the VAS score was (1.94±1.12) after the treatment, which was lower than (5.62±1.20) before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Pain involves the formation and expression of "pain-emotion-cognition". Acupuncture can systematically regulate the brain functional connections between cognitive regions such as dorsal prefrontal lobe and anterior cingulate gyrus and emotional regions such as insula and VTA in patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type, suggesting that acupuncture has a multi-dimensional and comprehensive regulation effect on pain.

Approach to the patient with syndrome of pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone(RTH)is a rare hereditary thyroid disease with various clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. RTH could be misdiagnosed and mistreated, resulting in aggravation of the disease. We reviewed the medical records of a patient with RTH over the past six years. In addition, we provided a summary of latest progress for RTH to help the clinicians to improve the understanding of the disease.

Effectiveness evaluation of peer-group level care and management mode in HIV infected patients / 上海预防医学

Objective To introduce and conduct effectiveness evaluation of peer-group level care and management mode in people living with HIV and AIDS(PLHAs)in Jing'an District, Shanghai. Methods We recruited PLHAs who were managed by Jing'an District and participated in the peer-group care activities from 2015 to 2016, and collected their data of general conditions, behavior, antiretroviral therapy, life quality, social support, mental status and medical modes, and then conducted effectiveness evaluation of the mode by multivariate logistic regression model and linear regression model. Results A total of 300 PLHAs were included with 150 cases in each group. PLHAs in target group had higher proportion of antiretroviral therapy[82.7%(124/150)and 64.7%(97/150)]. In addition, they got higher scores in mental health(48.5±9.2 and 43.9±10.6)and social support(28.7±8.2 and 24.8±6.6), and lower scores in depressive severity index(0.5±0.1)and avoidance of medical modes(16.1±3.0 and 17.0±2.5). Multivariate analysis showed that PLHAs in target group had less sex partners(zero partner, OR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.1-3.9;one partner, OR = 3.6, 95%CI:1.9-6.8)and increased condom use(no sex, OR = 5.3, 95%CI:2.4-11.7;complete use, OR = 10.6, 95%CI:4.7-24.1;random miss, OR = 5.1, 95%CI:1.8-14.8)in the last 12 months. Conclusion The effect of peer-group level care and management mode is significantly good in promoting behavior change, enhancing health concern and increasing antiretroviral therapy.

Protective effect of adrenomedullin on hyperoxia-induced lung injury / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the role of adrenomedullin (ADM) in hyperoxia-induced lung injury by examining the effect of ADM on the expression of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (PKB) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) under different experimental conditions.@*METHODS@#HPMECs were randomly divided into an air group and a hyperoxia group (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the air group, the hyperoxia group had significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression levels of ADM, CRLR, RAMP2, ERK1/2, and PKB (@*CONCLUSIONS@#ERK1/2 and PKB may be the downstream targets of the ADM signaling pathway. ADM mediates the ERK/PKB signaling pathway by regulating CRLR/RAMP2 and participates in the protection of hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

Understanding Taiwanese Women's Decisional Experiences Regarding Prenatal Screening Procedures And Diagnostics: A Phenomenological Study

Purpose@#This study sought to understand Taiwanese women’s decisional experiences regarding prenatal screening procedures and diagnostics. @*Methods@#A hermeneutic phenomenological design guided semistructured interviews with 33 women who were 36 weeks pregnant. Data were collected between February and October 2016. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed following hermeneutic circle to cocreate an understanding of Taiwanese women’s decision-making in prenatal screening and diagnostics. @*Results@#Women’s existential experiences were derived from their decision-making process on prenatal screening procedures and diagnostics for chromosomal aneuploidy. These decisional experiences were captured by four theme clusters and eight themes, which were inductively derived from 16 meaning units: (1) accessing health information; (2) considering what was best for my baby; (3) considering family finance; and (4) feeling anxiety posttest. @*Conclusion@#Participants made informed choices on several prenatal screening procedures, ostensibly, based on their personal values and considerations. During the decision-making process, often-cited benefits of genetic screenings were emphasized, but test limitations were often unheeded. A fundamental need for supportive information in decision making was further identified with recommended strategies. Hence, a revision of traditional genetic counseling approaches is recommended. As genomics technologies are increasingly available during antenatal services, women should be sufficiently educated about them to support decision making.

Consistency Evaluation on the Dissolution Behavior and Related Indicators between Generic and Original Pre- parations of Oxcarbazepine Scored Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the dissolution behavior consistency between the generic drugs and original drugs of Oxcarbazepine scored tablets ，and to compare the appearance ，the friability of the split portions ，loss of mass of the split portions as well as crystal form and morphology of raw material from different enterprises. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The paddle method （rotation speed of 60 r/min，the temperature of 37.0℃）was adopted to determine accumulative dissolution rate of generic and original drugs in 4 mediums [ 0.6％ SDS hydrochloric acid solution （pH＝1.2），0.6％ SDS acetate buffer solution （pH＝4.5），0.6％ SDS phosphate buffer solution （pH＝6.8）and 0.6％ SDS water solution]. The similarity factor method was used to evaluate the similarity of dissolution curves as well as intra-batch uniformity of the split portions and whole tablets. The friability tester and electronic balance were used to determine the friability and the loss of mass of the split portions. X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the crystal form and crystal morpho logy of the raw materials of different enterprises. RESULTS ：The linear range of oxcarbazepine was LOD was 0.04 μg/mL；RSDs of precision ，stability，reprodu- cibility and durability tests were lower than 2.0％；the reco- veries were 99.80％-101.63％（RSD＝0.37％-0.91％，n＝3）. The average cumulati ve dissolution rate of generic drug A ， generic drug B and original drug in 4 different dissolution media at 90 min were 92％，87％，90％ [0.6％ SDS hydrochloric acid solution（pH＝1.2）]；94％，94％，90％ [0.6％ SDS acetate buffer solution （pH＝4.5）]；95％，95％，91％ [0.6％ SDS phosphate buffer solution （pH 6.8）]；97％，98％，95％（0.6％ SDS water solution ）. The similarity factors of generic drug A ，generic drug B and original drug in 4 kinds of different dissolution media were 66 and 81，71 and 69，71 and 61，59 and 39. In the first 15 min，the difference of dissolution rate of split portions and whole tablets were －3％-13％，－2％-24％ and －3％-7％ for generic drug A ， generic drug B and original drug ，respectively. RSDs of accumulative dissolution rate of split portions and whole tablets were 6％-14％ and 2％-9％ for generic drug A （n＝12），4％-10％ and 1％-8％ for generic drug B （n＝12）and 2％-7％ and 2％-8％ for original drug. The appearance of the original drug was fusiform ，and the notch was deep ；the shape of the generic drug was different from each other ，and the notch of the generic drug was significantly shallower than that of original drug. The friability ， the loss of mass of the split portions for generic drug A and generic drug B ，original drug were 0.62％and 0.67％，0.12％ and 0.11％，0.08％ and 0.05％. The domestic raw materials possessed irregular lumps and debris ，while the raw materials produced by original drug enterprises possessed regular flat cuboids and regular strips with little debris ；but X-ray diffraction peaks of them were basically the same. CONCLUSIONS ：The dissolution behavior of generic drug A in 4 medium is consistent with that of the original drug；dissolution behavior of generic drug B in water containing 0.6％SDS is different from that of the original drug ；there is no significant change in the homogeneity of the original drug before and after splitting ，but the homogeneity of the generic drug A and B after splitting is lower than that of the whole tablet ；the fragility of generic drugs and loss of mass of split portions are higher than those of the original drugs ；two kinds of raw material have the same crystal form but different crystal morphology.

Case-control study of risk factors for recurrent low hemoglobin level among primary and middle school students / 上海预防医学

Objective To explore the risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin(RLH) level among students from 6 to 13 years old, and to formulate strategies and policies in this regard. Methods Surveillance on hemoglobin concentration was conducted among 71 742 students aged from 6 to 13y between 2013-2014 based on the annual physical examination for primary and middle school in Minhang District.Of those students, 670 were diagnosed with low hemoglobin level according to WHO criteria.A 1 ︰ 1 matched case-control study was conducted based on gender, age and school type.Questionnaire surveys for data collection were analyzed using Cox′s proportional hazards regression. Results Factors as pregnancy anemia(OR=2.32, 95%CI:1.49-3.63), non-pregnancy anemia(OR=4.65, 95%CI:1.22-17.69), maternal anemia(OR=2.51, 95%CI:1.50-4.21), drinking strong tea(OR=2.56, 95%CI:1.27-5.13) and dietary bias(OR=1.94, 95%CI:1.45-2.59) were risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin level.Chewing pencils(OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.25-2.59) or toys(OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.10-2.86) and wasting(OR=3.37, 95%CI:1.11-10.21)might be the risk factors. Conclusion The risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin level among students aged from 6 to 13 years are related to maternal anemia status and their dietary habits.We should strengthen education for women of child-bearing age, and help to develop healthy eating practices for their babies.Emaciated students should be focused on in this regard.

Understanding Taiwanese Women's Decisional Experiences Regarding Prenatal Screening Procedures And Diagnostics: A Phenomenological Study

Purpose@#This study sought to understand Taiwanese women’s decisional experiences regarding prenatal screening procedures and diagnostics. @*Methods@#A hermeneutic phenomenological design guided semistructured interviews with 33 women who were 36 weeks pregnant. Data were collected between February and October 2016. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed following hermeneutic circle to cocreate an understanding of Taiwanese women’s decision-making in prenatal screening and diagnostics. @*Results@#Women’s existential experiences were derived from their decision-making process on prenatal screening procedures and diagnostics for chromosomal aneuploidy. These decisional experiences were captured by four theme clusters and eight themes, which were inductively derived from 16 meaning units: (1) accessing health information; (2) considering what was best for my baby; (3) considering family finance; and (4) feeling anxiety posttest. @*Conclusion@#Participants made informed choices on several prenatal screening procedures, ostensibly, based on their personal values and considerations. During the decision-making process, often-cited benefits of genetic screenings were emphasized, but test limitations were often unheeded. A fundamental need for supportive information in decision making was further identified with recommended strategies. Hence, a revision of traditional genetic counseling approaches is recommended. As genomics technologies are increasingly available during antenatal services, women should be sufficiently educated about them to support decision making.

Genome cloning and genetic diversity of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) with a wide distribution and variability is great threat to apple yield and quality. The systematic research on the occurrence, genetic structure and evolutionary mechanism is important for the prevention of ACLSV. In this study, 360 apple leaf samples were collected from Shanxi province and tested by RT-PCR, and the result showed that the incidence of ACLSV in Shanxi was ranged from 43.59% in Linfen to 68.18% in Wanrong. One new ACLSV isolate (shanxi14-MK368727) was collected from the positive samples, of which the genome (including the 5' and 3' ends) was 7507 bp and encoded 2536 amino acids. Compared with online database, the highest nd identity was between shanxi14 and KJ522693.1, and the lowest was shanxi14 and M58152.1. Phylogenetic analyzed based on genome showed that 25 isolated of ACLSV were divided two groups (Group I and II), which showed that was no significant correlation with geographic location. The selection pressures of POL, MP and CP were tested, the result proved the three genes were under negative selection pressure. The knowledge presented in this study will be useful in for the design of long-term, sustainable management strategies for controlling these viruses.

Clinical features of central nerve system inflammatory demyelinating diseases associated with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To describe the clinical manifestations of central nerve system inflammatory demyelinating disease associated with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IDD) in children, and to explore the clinical characteristics of the children.@*Methods@#The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients diagnosed in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October 2016 to August 2018 were described, and the clinical data of the patients with unipolar and recurrent diseases were compared.@*Results@#A total of 50 patients were included, among whom the ratio of male to female was 24:26, and the average age of onset was (6.7±3.1) years old (0.4-12.6 years old). There was no significant difference in the age of onset between boys and girls(t=0.712, P=0.480). The main symptoms included fever (31/50 cases), encephalopathy (26/50 cases) and optic neuritis (22/50 cases), etc.In the last follow-up, 26 patients (52.0%) had a monophasic course and 24 patients (48.0%) had a recurrent course.There were age differences in encephalopathy and ataxia in the first episode of [(5.7±2.8) years old vs.(8.1±3.0) years old, (5.0±2.5) years old vs. (7.7±3.0) years old](t=2.746, P=0.009; t=2.837, P=0.007). The average number of recurrence was (2.1±1.4) times (1-7 times), in which 17 cases (70.8%) of recurrence presented within 12 months and 20 cases (83.3%) of recurrence presented within 24 months after onset.Convulsion incidences of recurrent cases were 10 cases and 13 cases respectively in the first episode and recurrent courses, which were significantly higher than those of monophasic cases (4 cases, 4 cases)(χ2=7.912, P=0.005; χ2=8.365, P=0.004). All patients were sensitive to first-line immunotherapy.Seven patients with recu-rrence were treated with mycophenolatemofetil, and 17 patients with repeated first-line therapy.In the last follow-up, all patients were in remission and 2 patients had mild neurological dysfunction.@*Conclusions@#MOG-IDD can occur in childhood.Encephalopathy and optic neuritis are the most common symptoms.Encephalopathy and ataxia are more common in young children.Convulsions may indicate the course of recurrence.

Intravitreal injection of Conbercept-assisted vitrectomy for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its effects on inflammatory factors and ANGPTL4 in the vitreous / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effects of intravitreal injection of conbercept-assisted vitrectomy(PPV)on proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)and inflammatory factors and angiopoietin-like protein 4(ANGPTL4)in the vitreous. <p>METHODS: Totally 90 patients with PDR(99 eyes)who underwent PPV treatment in our hospital from January to February 2018 were selected as subjects, and were divided into PPV group and IVC/PPV group according to whether intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC).The surgical indexes of the two groups, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA, LogMAR)and the incidence of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage(POVCH)were observed within 3mo after surgery were observed. The levels of interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10), C-reactive protein(CRP)and other inflammatory factors and ANGPTL4 in the vitreous of the two groups were measured.<p>RESULTS: In the IVC-assisted PPV group, the operation time, intraoperative severe hemorrhage(bleeding with electrocoagulation pen), iatrogenic retinal tears and postoperative silicone oil filling rate were significantly better than those in the PPV group(<i>P</i><0.05). There was no significant difference in BVCA between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was no significant difference in BVCA between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). At 1 and 3mo after operation, BCVA decreased significantly in both groups. Visual acuity improved significantly. The BCVA(LogMAR)of the IVC combined with the PPV group was significantly lower than that of the group. Simple PPV group(<i>P</i><0.05). The occurrence of POVCH The rate was significantly decreased(<i>P</i><0.05), the contents of IL-6, IL-10 and CRP in the vitreous were significantly decreased(<i>P</i><0.05), and the content of ANGPTL4 was significantly increased(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Preoperative vitreous injection of conbercept in the treatment of PDR can reduce the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications, promote the recovery of visual acuity, reduce the inflammatory response in the vitreous and increase the content of ANGPTL4.

The effects of light exposure on skeletal muscle wasting in rats with endotoxemia / 医学研究生学报

Objective Constant light exposure can lead to hypercatabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different light rhythm on skeletal muscle metabolism in endotoxemia rats, and looked for the optimal light rhythm that could reduce skeletal muscle consumption and enhance the recovery of patients with sepsis. Methods 54 adult male S-D rats were randomly divided into 3 groups on average：Control group (intraperitoneal injection of normal saline +12h/12h light-dark cycle for 7 days), LPS- regular light group (intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) +12h/12h light-dark cycle for 7 days) and LPS-constant light group (intraperitoneal injection of LPS + constant light for 7 days). All experimental animals were sacrificed on the 8th day. The level of skeletal muscle metabolites 3-methylhistidine (3-mh) and tyrosine, atrophy genes MAFbx and murf-1 mRNA and hypothalamic clock genes BMAL1, CLOCK and neuropeptide POMC were also detected. Results The food intake, weight growth ratio and the ratio of extensor digitorum longus/weight in the LPS-constant light group were significantly lower than those in the LPS-regular light group (P <0.05), and both groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). The skeletal muscle metabolites 3-methylhistidine(nmol/g) and tyrosine(nmol/g) in the LPS-constant light group rats (6.200±0.273 and 461.039±13.292) were significantly higher than those in the LPS- regular light group (5.197±0.263 and 375.744±20.308) and the control group (3.244±0.275 and 290.935±19.065,all P <0.05). The expression levels of atrophic genes MAFbx and murf-1 mRNA and tnf-alpha and il-1 mRNA in hypothalamus in the LPS-constant light group were significantly higher than those in the LPS- regular light group(P <0.05), and both groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The expression of the clock genes(BMAL1 and CLOCK) in the showed obvious rhythm (SE (A) /A<0.3) in the LPS-regular light group and the control group. The expression of BMAL1 was highest at the beginning of the illumination period, while the expression of CLOCK was high during the illumination period and decreased during the darkness period. In the LPS-constant light group, the expression of BMAL1 and CLOCK rhythm lost rhythm. Conclusion Normal light rhythm can maintain the normal rhythm expression of hypothalamic clock gene in rats with endotoxemia and reduce POMC-mediated skeletal muscle consumption, which may be of positive significance for the enhanced recovery of sepsis.

Prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis from ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in lymph node metastases and risk stratification of endometrial carcinoma / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), measured by preoperative ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT), in risk stratification of patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC). METHODS: The patients with pathological diagnosis of EC who underwent preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively selected for analysis of the prognostic values of PET parameters in risk classification and lymph node metastases (LNMs). Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis was used to analyze the correlation of PET parameters cutoff values with deep myometrial invasion (MI), lymphovascular space involvement and LNM for prognostic values in risk stratification. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for detection of LNM are 83.3%, 99.7%, 90.9%, 99.5% and 99.2%, respectively. The MTV and TLG of primary lesion of EC in the patients with LNM are notably higher than those in patients without LNM, p<0.010. The MTV and TLG of the EC primary lesions in high-risk patients are significantly higher than those in low-risk patients (p<0.010), but the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is not. The MTV and TLG of primary lesions were superior to SUVmax for predicting of deep MI, LNM and high-risk of EC (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: MTV and TLG of primary lesions are more valuable in predicting risk stratification of EC patients. Preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging is useful in predicting the LNM of EC and may help guide pelvic lymphadenectomy to avoid unnecessary pelvic lymphadenectomy in EC patients with low-risk stratification.

Research advances in endogenous neural stem cells promoting neural repair after ischemic stroke / 生理学报

Neural stem cell therapy, as a new therapeutic method for neural diseases, has aroused a wide concern for over 20 years since neural stem cells were first found in 1992. Ischemic stroke is highly concerned because of its high incidence, mortality and disability rates. Because the brain has a limited ability to repair itself, to improve neural function and promote neural regeneration may help to prevent occurrence and development of neurological diseases. It is noteworthy that some stroke patients showed an ability to repair brain several months after the stroke happened, suggesting an existence of endogenous nerve repair in these patients. The research advances in functions of endogenous neural stem cells in neural regeneration and the related regulators after ischemic stroke are summarized in this review to provide new views of the mechanism of neural functional recovery after ischemic stroke.

Effects of inner-heating acupuncture on apoptosis of chondrocytes and expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in rats with knee osteoarthritis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of inner-heating acupuncture on apoptosis of chondrocytes and expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).@*METHODS@#A total of 32 rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, a control treatment group and a treatment group by random number grouping method, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the normal group received no intervention. The rats in the remaining three groups adopted modified Videman method to develop KOA model, the ankle joint of left posterior leg was fully extended and fixed with a resin bandage for 6 weeks. After successful modeling, the rats in the model group received no intervention. The rats in the control treatment group were treated with medium-frequency pulse electrotherapy. The rats in the treatment group were treated with inner- heating acupuncture, 30 min each treatment, once a day, five days per week, and totally 3-week treatment was given. After 3 weeks, the damaged cartilage tissue was collected, and HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the cartilage tissue of the knee joint. ELISA was used to detect the content of cytochrome-C in the tissue homogenate supernatant. The chondrocytes in damaged cartilage tissue were isolated, flow cytometer was used to detect the changes of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. The mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in chondrocytes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the damage of cartilage tissue in the model group was significant, and the expression level of Cyt-C in the homogenate supernatant of damaged cartilage tissue was increased (<0.01); the chondrocyte apoptosis was increased significantly (<0.01); the chondrocyte mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased significantly (<0.01); the mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was increased significantly (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the cartilage injury in the control treatment group and the treatment group was significantly relieved; the expression level of Cyt-C in the supernatant of damaged cartilage tissue homogenate was decreased (both <0.01); the chondrocyte apoptosis was significantly reduced (both <0.01); the chondrocyte mitochondrial membrane potential was increased significantly (both <0.01). Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was significantly reduced (all <0.01). Compared with the control treatment group, the treatment group was more effective in the treatment of KOA.@*CONCLUSION@#The inner-heating acupuncture could significantly improve the pathological changes of KOA rats, inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes, which may be closely related to the suppression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 expression.

Epidemic features of notifiable infectious diseases among children in a tertiary general hospital, 2013-2017 / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the occurrence regularity and epidemic features of notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) among children in a tertiary general hospital, provide scientific basis for the triage and referral of infectious diseases, as well as formulation of prevention and control measures of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) among children in a general hospital.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological data of reported NIDs in children in the hospital from 2013 to 2017.Results From 2013 to 2017, 1 170 children with infectious diseases were reported, the average annual reporting rate was 5.81‰, 670 cases (57.26％) were males and 500 (42.74％) were females.The population distribution was mainly students (n=503, 42.99％) and scatter lived children (n=433, 37.01％).The reported cases were mainly concentrated in the second quarter of each year, the top three diseases were chickenpox (n=423, 36.15％), hand-foot-mouth disease (n=332, 28.38％), and mumps (n=199, 17.01％).Conclusion Infectious disease in children is an important link in the prevention and control of infection in tertiary general hospitals, the report of infectious diseases of hand-foot-mouth disease, chickenpox and mumps, as well as implementation of prevention and control measures of HAI should be strengthened.

Diagnostic value of isotropic three?dimensional fast spin echo?CUBE enhancement sequence in children with purulent meningitis / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical value of 3D fast spin echo with an extended echo train acquistion (CUBE) T1WI enhancement sequence for purulent meningitis by comparing to contrast?enhanced T2WI?FLAIR sequence in the detection of lesions. Methods From August 2016 to July 2017, children with clinically suspected purulent meningitis underwent cranial magnetic resonance examination in our hospital. There were 35 children, 19 males and 16 females, aged 2 months to 3 years (median age 8 months) in total.A GE Discovery MR 750 3.0 T scanner was used to perform routine plain and enhanced scan in all children. After enhancement, the sequences of CUBE T1WI and FLAIR T2WI were applied randomly. Using the FLAIR T2WI enhancement sequence as the reference, we evaluated the detection rate of CUBE T1WI enhancement sequence for dura mater and leptomeningeal thickening. The number of enhanced lesions detected was tested by χ2 test. Results The enhanced FLAIR T2WI sequence showed 21 cases with dural enhancement, showing a rate of 60.0%. The enhanced CUBE T1WI sequence showed 31cases with dural enhancement, showing a rate of 88.6%. There were significant differences between the dural lesions detected(χ2＝6.058, P<0.01). The enhanced FLAIR T2WI sequence showed 16 cases of leptomeningeal enhancement,showing a rate of 45.7%. The enhanced CUBE T1WI sequence showed 19 cases of leptomeningeal enhancement,showing a rate of 54.3%.The enhanced CUBE T1WI sequence was not significantly higher than that of enhanced T2WI?FLAIR sequence in displaying leptomeningeal enhancement (χ2=0.229, P>0.05). Conclusion Enhancement of the CUBE T1WI sequence enables better visualization of meningeal thickening than FLAIR T2WI. It has great clinical value in the diagnosis of purulent meningitis in children.