First report of invasive Pomacea snails in Shandong Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To characterize the species of invasive Pomacea snails that were discovered for the first time in Shandong Province. Methods Pomacea snails samples were collected in the field of Jining City, Shandong Province on October 2021 for morphological identification. Pomacea snails were randomly sampled and genomic DNA was extracted from foot muscle tissues of Pomacea snails for multiplex PCR amplification. The PCR amplification product was sequenced. Then, the sequence was aligned and a phylogenetic tree was created using the software MegAlign 7.1.0. In addition, Angiostongylus cantonensis infection was detected in Pomacea snails with the lung microscopy. Results A total of 104 living Pomacea snails were collected, and all were characterized as Pomacea spp. based on morphological features. Of 12 randomly selected adult Pomacea snails, multiplex PCR assay and sequencing identified eleven snails as P. canaliculata and one as P. maculata. No A. cantonensis infection was detected in 104 Pomacea snails. Conclusion This is the first report of invasive Pomacea snails in Shandong Province, where P. canaliculata and P. maculata are found.

Effect of Polysaccharides from Root， Stem， Leaf and Fruit of Schisandra chinensis on Exercise Endurance in D-galactose-induced Aging Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of polysaccharides from root， stem， leaf and fruit of Schisandra chinensis on exercise endurance in the aging mice induced by D-galactose. MethodMale ICR mice were randomly assigned into six groups： blank control group， model group， root polysaccharide group， stem polysaccharide group， leaf polysaccharide group and fruit polysaccharide group. The mice were administrated with distilled water or root， stem， leaf and fruit polysaccharide （total sugar content of 35 mg·kg-1） by gavage. Thirty minutes after the administration， the blank control group was subcutaneously injected with normal saline， and the other groups with D-galactose （300 mg·kg-1）， once daily for 6 weeks. The anti-fatigue effects were evaluated by rotarod test， forelimb grip strength test， and weight-loaded swimming test. The fatigue and oxidation indicators such as blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum lactic acid （LD）， lactic dehydrogenase （LDH）， creatine kinase （CK）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and reactive oxygen species （ROS） were measured by chemical colorimetry. The protein levels of pro-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax）， anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （cleaved Caspase-3） in mouse skeletal muscle were detected by Western blot. ResultIn the rotarod test， the time on rod was shorter in the model group than in the blank control group （P<0.01） and the root， stem and fruit polysaccharide groups （P<0.01）. In the forelimb grip strength test， the forelimb grip strength in the model group was lower than that in the blank control group （P<0.01） and the root， stem， leaf and fruit polysaccharide groups （P<0.01）. In the weight-loaded swimming test， the weight-loaded swimming time in the model group was shorter than that in the blank control group （P<0.01） and the root， stem， leaf and fruit polysaccharide groups （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank control group， the BUN， LD， LDH and CK levels significantly increased in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The increases in BUN and LDH levels were decreased by the root， stem and fruit polysaccharides （P<0.05， P<0.01） and those in LD and CK by the root， stem， leaf and fruit polysaccharides （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the blank control group， the model group showed decreased SOD and GSH-Px activities （P<0.01） and increased MDA and ROS content （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the root， stem， and fruit polysaccharide increased the SOD activity （P<0.05， P<0.01） and decreased ROS content （P<0.01）. The root and stem polysaccharides decreased the MDA content （P<0.01） and increased the GSH-Px activity （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the blank control group， the model group showed up-regulated protein levels of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 and down-regulated protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the root， and stem polysaccharides down-regulated the protein levels of cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.05） and up-regulated protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe polysaccharides from the root， stem， leaf， and fruit of S. chinensis have anti-fatigue effect in D-galactose-induced aging mice. The polysaccharides may exert such effect by improving the antioxidant capacity and inhibiting the apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells.

Chemical Composition Analysis and Characterization of Reference Sample of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the chemical composition of the reference sample of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang （lyophilized powder）， and to provide quality markers for the formulation of quality standards of this formula. MethodUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC™ HSS T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm）， the mobile phase was methanol （A） -0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-8 min， 1%-20%A； 8-10 min， 20%-30%A； 10-12 min， 30%-35%A； 12-14 min， 35%-40%A， 14-23 min， 40%-55%A， 23-27 min， 55%-99%A； 27-28 min， 99%A； 28-28.5 min， 99%-1%A； 28.5-30 min， 1%A）， the column temperature was 40 ℃， the injection volume was 2 μL， and the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1. The mass spectrometry data of the reference sample of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang （lyophilized powder） were collected under positive and negative ion modes. The conditions of mass spectrometry were electrospray ionization （ESI）， scanning range of m/z 50-1 200， and impact energy of 10-30 eV. UNIFI 1.8 and Progenesis QI 2.0 software were used to analyze and characterize the chemical constituents in reference sample of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang （lyophilized powder） combined with reference comparison and literature review. ResultA total of 123 chemical constituents were identified， including 33 flavonoids， 26 glycosides， 18 organic acids， 11 terpenoids， 7 phenylpropanoids， 4 gingerol， 3 alkaloids， 3 amino acids， 2 amides and 16 other compounds. ConclusionThe established method can quickly and accurately characterize the chemical components in the reference sample of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang （lyophilized powder）， which can provide a basis for the selection of quality evaluation indicators of this formula， and provide a reference for its preparation research.

Application of teaching method for the interpretation of acupoint names in the course of Science of Meridians and Acupoints / 中国针灸

The paper summarizes the valuable experience of the famous teachers of all generations in the teaching & research room of meridians and acupoints of Beijing University of CM. The shortcomings are presented when the acupoints are explained in accordance with the flowing route of meridians in classroom teaching of Science of Meridians and Acupoints. Hence, it is proposed that the acupoint names should be interpreted specially for the acupoints distributed on the same meridians or adjacent ones. It is suggested to emphasize the correlation of each acupoint with its adjacent ones from the perspective of the cultural connotation of acupoint names, and then, the differences and similarities in their clinical indications can be analyzed. Eventually, a new approach to the classroom teaching of Science of Meridians and Acupoints may be provided to guide the excavation of traditional cultural connotation and establish the cultural self-confidence and professional identity.

Design and Methods of a Prospective Smartphone App-Based Study for Digital Phenotyping of Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Mixed With Centralized and Decentralized Research Form: The Search Your Mind (S.Y.M., 心) Project

In this study, the Search Your Mind (S.Y.M., 心) project aimed to collect prospective digital phenotypic data centered on mood and anxiety symptoms across psychiatric disorders through a smartphone application (app) platform while using both centralized and decentralized research designs: the centralized research design is a hybrid of a general prospective observational study and a digital platform-based study, and it includes face-to-face research such as informed written consent, clinical evaluation, and blood sampling. It also includes digital phenotypic assessment through an application-based platform using wearable devices. Meanwhile, the decentralized research design is a non-face-to-face study in which anonymous participants agree to electronic informed consent forms on the app. It also exclusively uses an application-based platform to acquire individualized digital phenotypic data. We expect to collect clinical, biological, and digital phenotypic data centered on mood and anxiety symptoms, and we propose a possible model of centralized and decentralized research design.

Emergency deployment of human resources in public emergencies from the perspective of rescue in public emergencies / 中华医院管理杂志

In the case of public emergency, cross regional and institutional deployment of health technicians as a contingency measure is imperative in alleviating the shortage of medical resources and improving the medical capacity in the location of emergency. The authors rounded up common modes of such deployment, namely independent deployment of a complete organization, deployment by job division for individual responsibility, deployment of individuals joining in a cooperative action, and that of expert guidance. In practice, the emergency deployment of health technicians was faced with serial challenges, such as their mobility, interoperability, professionalism, economy and persistence. To improve the performance of emergency deployment, it is necessary to strengthen the routine emergency skill reserve and simulation drill, to formulate " wartime" joint diagnosis and treatment decision-making rules, to build high-level health emergency teams, to establish and improve a complete, flexible and orderly deployment mechanism of such human resources, and to improve the honor award and reward system for health emergency personnel.

Analysis of relevant factors of death cases in pediatric intensive care units in Guiyang City in 2017 / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:The epidemiological characteristics of PICU deaths in 2017 in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital, and Guiyang Children′s Hospital were summarized and analyzed to provide a basis for formulating intervention measures to effectively reduce the mortality rate of children.Methods:The clinical datas of PICU deaths in three tertiary hospitals in 2017 were collected retrospectively.The cases were divided according to different ages and lengths of hospitalization.And gender, age, length of death, length of hospitalization, and death diseases were summarized and analyzed.Results:In 2017, the PICU of the three tertiary hospitals admitted 2 092 children, of which 139 (6.64%) died, including 84 males and 55 females.The months with the highest case fatality rates were January, February, July and August.The fatality rates were 9.14% (18/197), 9.04% (15/166), 13.25% (20/151), 7.93% (13/164), respectively.There was statistically significant difference in the mortality of children admitted in each month ( P=0.038). Among the death cases, the infant group (29 days to 1 year old) accounted for the largest proportion with 58 cases (41.73%), followed by the preschool group (3 to 7 years old) with 37 cases (26.62%), the infant group (1 to 3 years old) with 24 cases(17.27%), and the school-age group (7 to 14 years old) with 20 cases(14.38%). The top three death diseases were: 39 cases (28.06%) of bronchial pneumonia (severe), 28 cases (20.14%) of hematological tumors and solid tumors, and 23 cases (16.55%) of trauma.The difference of its distribution in different age groups was statistically significant( P<0.05). The patients were divided into four groups according to the length of hospital stay.The time ≤1 d group had the highest mortality of 54 cases (38.85%), -3 d group and -7 d group both had 32 cases (23.02%), the >7 d group had the lowest mortality of 21 cases (15.11%). Conclusion:In 2017, January, February and July, August are the peak months of deaths in PICUs in Guizhou, with the highest number of infant deaths.Bronchial pneumonia(severe), hematological tumors and solid tumors, and trauma are the top three death diseases.

Application and progress of intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques in robotic thyroid surgery / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Robotic surgical systems are gradually being used in minimally invasive surgery with their advantages of high-definition magnified 3D images, stable surgical field and flexible operation. The change of surgical approach and the narrow operating space in robotic thyroid surgery have made it more difficult to identify and protect the laryngeal nerve, and the application of nerve monitoring has been limited. Many researchers have attempted to improve the monitoring equipment and probe placement to make intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques work well in robotic thyroid surgery. In this paper, we seek effective ways to protect the laryngeal nerve in robotic thyroid surgery, and lay the foundation for a more minimally invasive and standardized development of this technology.

Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Multi-color Flow Cytometry / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish 10-color fluorescent antibody combination panels for the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in our laboratory and discuss the value of clinical application.@*METHODS@#According to the antigen expression characteristics of leukemia cells of incipient AML patients, MRD in bone marrow were detected by multiparameter flow cytometry, and the test results were compared with both bone marrow cell morphology and PCR results, then 10-color fluorescent antibody combination panels in our lab for MRD detection was determined.@*RESULTS@#The immunophenotypic characteristics of 392 incipient patients with AML in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analyzed, among them 357 (91.07%) cases showed abnormal immunophenotypes, which mainly included cross-lineage expression, cross-stage expression, deficiency of antigen expression or abnormal antigen intensity and other abnormal expression. The 10-color fluorescent antibody combination panels established according to abnormal immunophenotypic characteristics of leukemia cells were applied for detecting MRD in 156 patients with AML, the positive rate (43.6%) was higher than 26.8% of morphology, and the results were highly consistent with PCR detection results (96.49%), moreover, the recurrence rate of MRD positive patients (86.96%) was significantly higher than 5.75% of MRD negative patients. Therefore, this method could truly reflect the load of leukemia cells and prompt change of disease condition.@*CONCLUSION@#Multiparameter flow cytometry can detect various abnormal immunophenotypes of AML. The 10-color fluorescent antibody combination panels in our lab based on the characteristics of antigens expression in leukemia cells can well detect MRD of leukemia cells, so as to predict relapse and provide basis for clinical treatment.

Gene Mutation and Overexpression of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the characteristics of gene mutation and overexpression in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients.@*METHODS@#Bone marrow cells from 208 NDMM patients were collected and analyzed. The gene mutation of 28 genes and overexpression of 6 genes was detected by DNA sequencing. Chromosome structure abnormalities were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).@*RESULTS@#Gene mutations were detected in 61 (29.33%) NDMM patients. Some mutations occurred in 5 or more cases, such as NRAS, PRDM1, FAM46C, MYC, CCND1, LTB, DIS3, KRAS, and CRBN. Overexpression of six genes (CCND1, CCND3, BCL-2, CCND2, FGFR3, and MYC) were detected in 83 (39.9%) patients, and cell cycle regulation gene was the most common. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) changes were detected in 169 (81.25%) patients, the TP53 P72R gene SNP (70.17%) was the most common. Abnormality in chromosome structure was correlated to gene overexpression. Compared to the patients with normal chromosome structure, patients with 14q32 deletion showed higher proportion of CCND1 overexpression. Similarly, patients with 13q14 deletion showed higher proportion of FGFR3 overexpression, whereas patients with 1q21 amplification showed higher proportion of CCND2, BCL-2 and FGFR3 overexpression.@*CONCLUSION@#There are multiple gene mutations and overexpression in NDMM. However, there is no dominated single mutation or overexpression of genes. The most common gene mutations are those in the RAS/MAPK pathway and the genes of cyclin family CCND are overexpression.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Uygur children in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among Uygur children in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang, China, as well as the factors influencing the development of DM.@*METHODS@#The cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 308 children, aged 4-18 years, from the middle and primary schools and kindergartens in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang. The survey methods included questionnaire survey and the measurement of height and weight. All subjects were tested for fasting fingertip blood glucose to investigate the prevalence of DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG).@*RESULTS@#A total of 5 184 valid questionnaires were collected. Fourteen children (0.27%) were found to have DM, among whom 8 had type 1 DM, 2 had type 2 DM, and 4 had unclassified DM. Twenty-nine children (0.56%) were found to have IFG. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of DM and IFG between boys and girls (P>0.05). The prevalence rate of DM was 0.18% in the 4-<10 years group, 0.47% in the 10-<15 years group, and 0.07% in the 15-18 years group (P=0.072).The prevalence rate of IFG in the above three age groups was 0.18%, 0.94%, and 0.42%, respectively, with a significant difference among groups (P=0.007). The proportion of family history of DM and the proportion of overweight/obesity in children with DM were significantly higher than those in children without DM (P<0.05), while the proportion of children with DM who preferred coarse grains was significantly lower than that in children without DM (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of DM and IFG in Uyghur children in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang is relatively low. There is no significant difference in the prevalence of DM among children of different genders or age groups, but the prevalence of IFG in children of different age groups is different. A family history of DM, overweight or obesity, and low intake of coarse grains might be associated with the development of DM.

Continuous purification and culture of rat type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells by magnetic cell sorting / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#The incidence of acute lung injury (ALI) in severe trauma patients is 48% and the mortality rate following acute respiratory distress syndrome evolved from ALI is up to 68.5%. Alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1s) and type 2 cells (AEC2s) are the key cells in the repair of injured lungs as well as fetal lung development. Therefore, the purification and culture of AEC1s and AEC2s play an important role in the research of repair and regeneration of lung tissue.@*METHODS@#Sprague-Dawley rats (3-4 weeks, 120-150 g) were purchased for experiment. Dispase and DNase I were jointly used to digest lung tissue to obtain a single-cell suspension of whole lung cells, and then magnetic bead cell sorting was performed to isolate T1α positive cells as AEC1s from the single-cell suspension by using polyclonal rabbit anti-T1a (a specific AEC1s membrane protein) antibodies combined with anti-rabbit IgG microbeads. Afterwards, alveolar epithelial cell membrane marker protein EpCAM was designed as a key label to sort AEC2s from the remaining T1α-neg cells by another positive immunomagnetic selection using monoclonal mouse anti-EpCAM antibodies and anti-mouse IgG microbeads. Cell purity was identified by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The purity of AEC1s and AEC2s was 88.3% ± 3.8% and 92.6% ± 2.7%, respectively. The cell growth was observed as follows: AEC1s stretched within the 12-16 h, but the cells proliferated slowly; while AEC2s began to stretch after 24 h and proliferated rapidly from the 2nd day and began to differentiate after 3 days.@*CONCLUSION@#AEC1s and AEC2s sorted by this method have high purity and good viability. Therefore, our method provides a new approach for the isolation and culture of AEC1s and AEC2s as well as a new strategy for the research of lung repair and regeneration.

Analysis of CiteSpace knowledge map for traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of cerebral small vessel diseases / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to analyze the research on the prevention and treatment of cerebral small vessel diseases(CSVDs) with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) based on knowledge map, and to preliminarily explore the research hotspots and trends. To be specific, articles on TCM treatment of CSVDs in CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP(from establishment to November 2021) were retrieved, followed by bibliometric analysis. Then CiteSpace 5.7 R4 and Gephi were employed for generation of maps on annual number of articles, author cooperation, institution cooperation, keyword co-occurrence, keyword clustering, and keyword emergence. A total of 106 eligible articles were screened out, and the annual number of articles presented a steady upward trend. A total of 277 authors were included in the author cooperation network, among whom CHEN Zhigang published the most articles. A total of 87 institutions were included in the institution cooperation network, among which Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine showed the most frequent cooperation with other institutions. Keyword clustering showed that research on the TCM treatment of CSVDs mainly focused on five aspects: related disease research, neurological function deficits, disease nature and location in TCM, TCM treatment methods, and formulas. The prevention and treatment of CSVDs with TCM in China has been developing steadily in the past ten years, and TCM has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of this disease. The knowledge maps vividly demonstrated the development and research hotspots and trends in this field. The result is expected to provide a reference for further research in this field.

Evaluation of genetic diversity of ginseng fruit color germplasm resources: based on SSR analysis / 中国中药杂志

Illumina Xten was employed for shallow sequencing of Panax ginseng(ginseng) samples, MISA for screening of SSR loci, and Primer 3 for primer design. Polymorphic primers were screened from 180 primers. From the successfully amplified polymorphic primers, 15 primers which featured clear peak shape, good polymorphism, and ease of statistics were selected and used to evaluate the genetic diversity and germplasm resources of 36 ginseng accessions with different fruit colors from Jilin province. The results showed that red-fruit ginseng population had high genetic diversity with the average number of alleles(N_a) of 1.031 and haploid genetic diversity(h) of 0.172. The neighbor-joining cluster analysis demonstrated that the germplasms of red-fruit and yellow-fruit ginseng populations were obviously intermixed, and pick-fruit ginseng germplasms clustered into a single clade. The results of STRUCTURE analysis showed high proportion of single genotype in pick-fruit ginseng germplasm and abundant genotypes in red-fruit and yellow-fruit ginseng germplasms with obvious germplasm mixing. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation occurred mainly within populations(62.00%, P<0.001), and rarely among populations(39%, P<0.001), but homogenization was obvious among different populations. In summary, pink-fruit ginseng population may contain rare genotypes, which is the basis for breeding of high-quality high-yield, and multi-resistance varieties, genetic improvement of varieties, and sustainable development and utilization of ginseng germplasm resources.

CiteSpace knowledge map analysis of research progress on Tripterygium wilfordii toxicity / 中国中药杂志

This study systematically searched CNKI and Web of Science(WoS) for the research papers on the toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii included from database inception to August 31, 2021, and visually displayed the authors, research institutions, keywords, and other contents using bibliometrics and CiteSpace 5.8.3. Furthermore, the current situation and research progress on T. wilfordii safety were also analyzed based on information extraction to find the research hotspot, evolution path, and development trend, and to provide references for future research. A total of 1 876 Chinese papers and 243 English papers were included in the study. The analysis of authors showed that WANG Qi and ZHANG Luyong had the most publications in Chinese and English papers, respectively. According to the analysis of research institutions, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and China Pharmaceutical University possessed the largest number of Chinese and English papers, respectively, but there was less cooperation between them. The analysis of keywords in Chinese and English papers showed that the research contents of the safety of T. wilfordii mainly focused on clinical monitoring, mechanism, dosage form improvement, quality standard, component analysis, monomer research, efficiency and toxicity reduction, etc. Metabonomics, tripterine, and the underlying mechanism of toxicity were the research hotspots in the future. At present, the research on the toxicity of T. wilfordii is still under development. It is necessary to highlight the in-depth research and strengthen the inter-group and inter-region cooperation of authors or institutions to provide references for the research on the toxicity of T. wilfordii.

The Positive Association between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Newly-Diagnosed Hypertension Is More Explicit in Female Individuals Younger than 65

Background@#Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common thyroid dysfunction, and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) has been controversial. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between SCH and newly-diagnosed hypertension. @*Methods@#Based on data from the Thyroid disease, Iodine nutrition and Diabetes Epidemiology (TIDE) study, 49,433 euthyroid individuals and 7,719 SCH patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Patients with a history of hypertension or thyroid disease were excluded. SCH was determined by manufacturer reference range. Overall hypertension and stage 1 and 2 hypertension were diagnosed according to the guidelines issued by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association in 2017. @*Results@#The prevalence of overall hypertension (48.7%), including stage 1 (28.9%) and 2 (19.8%) hypertension, increased significantly in SCH patients compared with euthyroid subjects. With elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, the hypertension prevalence also increased significantly from the euthyroid to different SCH subgroups, which was more profound in females or subjects aged <65 years. The age- and sex-specific regression analysis further demonstrated the same trends in the general population and in the 1:1 propensity matched population. Similarly, several BP components (i.e., systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP) were positively associated with TSH elevation, and regression analysis also confirmed that all BP components were closely related with SCH in female subjects aged <65 years. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of hypertension increases for patients with SCH. SCH tends to be associated with hypertension and BP components in females younger than 65 years.

Effects and mechanisms of nitrogen fertilizers on soil and tritrophic interactions in Chinese medicinal plants ecosystem / 中国中药杂志

Nitrogen is one of the most frequently used fertilizers in growth of Chinese medicinal plants(CMP). As in many other ecosystems, CMP ecosystem is also composed of plant-herbivore-natural enemy(tritrophic) interactions. Nitrogen fertilizer influences the growth and reproduction of CMP, and it is also able to heavily shape the ecosystem functions of CMP ecosystem through bottom-up forces. Understanding the specific effects of nitrogen fertilizer towards each trophic level will be beneficial to improve the resistance of CMP to herbivore and enhance the control efficiency of nature enemies to herbivore, and eventually, maximize the yield and quality of CMP. Most papers published on nitrogen use in plants focused mainly on the impact of nitrogen fertilization on CMP yield and quality. Influences of nitrogen application on CMP ecosystem get little attention at present. Therefore, this review summed up the potential effects of nitrogen fertilization on CMP ecosystem from perspectives of soil and tritrophic interactions. First of all, nitrogen fertilizer might decrease soil microbial biomass and altered the community structures of soil bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Negative effects of nitrogen fertilizer were found on biodiversity of soil bacteria and protozoa. Different fungi species respond differently to nitrogen fertili-zers. Nitrogen deposition can also decrease the soil pH. Decreases in soil microbial diversity and soil acidification can cause negative effects on CMP growth. In addition, nitrogen fertilizer could regulate the pest resistance of CMP including constitutive and inducible resistance. Both positive and negative effects of nitrogen application were found on pest resistance of CMP. Moreover, the development and predation of natural enemies were influenced by nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen influences natural enemies in many ways including plant volatiles, plant nutrient and structure and the supplementary food quality. Nectar and honeydew of plants and preys serve as important food source for natural enemies especially in early season when preys are still not available. Finally, the interactions between herbivores and their natural enemies were also shaped by nitrogen fertilizer in many aspects like increasing the nutritional content of prey and changing control efficiency of natural enemies. Some herbivores have evolved a strategy to sequester secondary metabolites which they absorbed from plant during their feeding. Studies showed that sequestration efficiency of secondary metabolites in prey could also be regulated by nitrogen. Parasitic, emergence, reproduction rate and longevity of parasites were found positively correlated with nitrogen deposition. Hopefully this study will shed light on practicable and economical application of nitrogen in cultivation of CMP.

Clinical features and prognostic factors of 89 cases of myeloid sarcoma / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of myeloid sarcoma(MS).Methods:From January 2010 to May 2019, clinical data were reviewed for 89 MS cases. Age, gender, site of onset, type, comorbid diseases, lymphatic characteristics and disease remission status were analyzed. And 1-year survival rates were explored for different treatments including whether or not chemotherapy, transplantation and using hypomethylated drugs(HMAs)for maintenance after transplantation.Results:Among them, 21 cases had the data of chromosome karyotypic analysis and next generation sequencing and 8 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT). The 1-year overall survival rates(OS)of primary MS, MS with intramedullary disease and MS relapse after leukemic remission were 16.0%, 37.5% and 36.9% respectively( P=0.013). The 1-year OS of local treatment(surgical resection, intrathecal injection and local radiotherapy), chemotherapy plus local treatment and chemotherapy plus allo-HSCT was 0, 28.1% and 72.9% respectively( P=0.003). After two courses of treatment, the 1-year OS of patients with complete and incomplete remissions were 34.9% and 10.0% respectively( P=0.008). Half(4/8)MS patients relapsed within 1 year after transplantation and had a short survival.Three patients received decitabine after HSCT and all of them survived for a long time. Conclusions:Chemotherapy plus HSCT is efficacious for MS. Decitabine maintenance treatment after transplantation may prolong recurrence-free survival. However, a larger sample size is required for further clinical verifications.

Treatment of acetabular fractures with infra-acetabular screwing / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of infra-acetabular screwing in the treatment of acetabular fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 22 patients with acetabular fracture who had been admitted to Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University from January 2016 to January 2019. They were 16 males and 6 females, aged from 19 to 65 years (mean, 45.2 years). According to Letournel-Judet classification, there were 2 anterior column fractures, 12 anterior plus posterior hemi-transverse fractures, 3 T-shaped fractures and 5 both-column fractures. All patients were treated with infra-acetabular screwing through the ilioinguinal approach. Recorded were the patients＇ operation time, intraoperative blood loss, reduction quality, fracture union time, hip function and complications.Results:Operation time for this cohort ranged from 115 to 285 min (mean, 160 min), and intraoperative blood loss from 360 to 1,600 mL (mean, 650 mL). By the Matta scoring, fracture reduction was assessed as excellent in 14 cases, as good in 5 cases and as poor in 3 cases, giving an excellent and good rate of 86.4% (19/22). Of this cohort, 21 were followed up from 12 to 45 months (mean, 28.5 months) and one was lost to the follow-up. The fracture healing time for 21 patients ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 months, averaging 2.2 months. No patient had fracture displacement. The Merle d’Aubigné & Postel hip scores at the last follow-up ranged from 8 to18 points (average, 16 points), giving 12 excellent, 6 good, 2 fair, and one poor cases and an excellent and good rate of 85.7% (18/21). Follow-ups observed injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in one case, deep venous thrombosis of lower limb in 2 cases, superficial wound infection in one case and traumatic arthritis in one case, yielding a total rate of compilations of 23.8% (5/21).Conclusion:Application of infra-acetabular screwing after anatomical reduction of an acetabular fracture can effectively enhance the strength of internal fixation with no risk of fracture re-displacement, conducive to early functional exercise of the patient and leading to good clinical efficacy.

Postoperative complications in young adults with femoral neck fracture after internal fixation with compression buttress screws versus partially threaded cannulated screws: a prospective cohort study / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the complications in young adults with femoral neck fracture after internal fixation with compression buttress screws (CBS) versus 3 parallel partially threaded cannulated screws (PTS).Methods:A prospective study was conducted of the 120 young adults with femoral neck fracture who had been treated from July 2016 to December 2017 at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital. Of them, 60 were subjected to PTS fixation (control group) and 60 to CBS fixation (observation group) according to their will. In the control group, there were 38 males and 22 females with an age of (46.1±7.6) years, and 17 cases of types Ⅰ-Ⅱ and 43 cases of type Ⅲ by the modified Pauwels classification; in the observation group, there were 42 males and 18 females with an age of (44.8±8.1) years, and 11 cases of types Ⅰ-Ⅱ and 49 cases of type Ⅲ. The 2 groups were compared in postoperative complications. A stratified analysis was performed according to the modified Pauwels classification.Results:Comparability was indicated between the 2 groups because there was no significant difference in their baseline demographic information ( P>0.05). The incidences of fixation failure (8.3%, 5/60), nonunion (5.0%, 3/60), femoral neck shortening<10 mm(10.0%, 6/60) and lateral withdrawal (11.7%, 7/60) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [38.3% (23/60), 28.3% (17/60), 41.7% (25/60) and 71.7% (43/60), respectively] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head or of medial migration between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The stratified analysis showed that the incidences of fixation failure and nonunion in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group for fractures of the modified Pauwels type Ⅲ ( P<0.05). The incidences of femoral neck shortening<10 mm and fixation loosening in the control group were significantly higher than in the observation group for fractures of all the modified Pauwels types ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with conventional PTS fixation, CBS fixation can significantly reduce postoperative complications in young adults with femoral neck fracture, especially those with high energy fracture of the modified Pauwels type Ⅲ.