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Objective: To explore the application and efficacy of paclitaxel liposome in the treatment of advanced breast cancer among Chinese population in the real world. Methods: The clinical characteristics of patients with advanced breast cancer who received paclitaxel liposome as salvage treatment from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2019 in 11 hospitals were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was progression free survival (PFS), and the secondary outcome included objective response rate (ORR) and safety. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox regression model were used for the multivariate analysis. Results: Among 647 patients with advanced breast cancer who received paclitaxel liposome, the first-line treatment accounted for 43.3% (280/647), the second-line treatment accounted for 27.7% (179/647), and the third-line and above treatment accounted for 29.1% (188/647). The median dose of first-line and second-line treatment was 260 mg per cycle, and 240 mg in third line and above treatment. The median period of paclitaxel liposome alone and combined chemotherapy or targeted therapy is 4 cycles and 6 cycles, respectively. In the whole group, 167 patients (25.8%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with capecitabine±trastuzumab (TX±H), 123 patients (19.0%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome alone (T), and 119 patients (18.4%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with platinum ± trastuzumab (TP±H), 108 patients (16.7%) were treated with paclitaxel liposome combined with trastuzumab ± pertuzumab (TH±P). The median PFS of first-line and second-line patients (5.5 and 5.5 months, respectively) were longer than that of patients treated with third line and above (4.9 months, P<0.05); The ORR of the first line, second line, third line and above patients were 46.7%, 36.8% and 28.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that event-free survival (EFS) and the number of treatment lines were independent prognostic factors for PFS. The common adverse events were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reactions, hand foot syndrome and abnormal liver function. Conclusion: Paclitaxel liposomes is widely used and has promising efficacy in multi-subtype advanced breast cancer.
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Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced , Paclitaxel/adverse effects , Liposomes/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Trastuzumab/therapeutic use , Capecitabine/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the predictive value of blood cell ratios and inflammatory markers for adverse prognosis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) combined with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively collected clinical data from 80 patients with PSS and COVID-19 who visited the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from December 2022 to February 2023. Inclusion criteria were (1) meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome; (2) confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or antigen testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); (3) availability of necessary clinical data; (4) age > 18 years. According to the clinical classification criteria of the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial the 10th Revised Edition)", the patients were divided into the mild and severe groups. Disease activity in primary Sjögren' s syndrome was assessed using the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren' s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI). Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein-lymphocyte ratio (CLR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and other laboratory data were compared between the two groups within 24-72 hours post-infection.@*RESULTS@#The mild group consisted of 66 cases with an average age of (51. 52±13. 16) years, and the severe group consisted of 14 cases with an average age of (52.64±10.20) years. Disease activity, CRP, platelets, PLR, and CLR were significantly higher in the severe group compared with the mild group (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis using age, disease activity, CRP, platelets, PLR, and CLR as independent variables indicated that disease activity, CRP, PLR, and CLR were correlated with the severity of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that PLR (OR=1.016, P < 0.05) and CLR (OR=1.504, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 in the critically ill patients. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for PLR and CLR was 0.708 (95%CI: 0.588-0.828) and 0.725 (95%CI: 0.578-0.871), respectively. The sensitivity for PLR and CLR was 0.429 and 0.803, respectively, while the highest specificity was 0.714 and 0.758, respectively. The optimal cutoff values for PLR and CLR were 166.214 and 0.870, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#PLR and CLR, particularly the latter, may serve as simple and effective indicators for predicting the prognosis of patients with PSS and COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , C-Reactive Protein , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the risk factors for the development of pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Methods A total of 250 SLE patients who received chest CT examination and were diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from De-cember 2022 to February 2023 were included in analysis.Patient were divided into the control group and the pneu-monia group according to chest CT results.Demographic data,clinical data,and laboratory indicators of patients in two groups of patients were collected.Laboratory data of patients before completing the chest CT examination were evaluated.Diagnostic capability of age,C-reactive protein/lymphocyte(CLR),and systemic immune inflammation index/albumin(SII/ALB)in evaluating the development of pneumonia in SLE patients with COVID-19 were deter-mined by calculating the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Among 250 SLE patients with COVID-19,188(75.2%)didn't develop pneumonia and were assigned into the control group;62(24.8%)devel-oped pneumonia in the pneumonia group.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,COVID-19 vaccination status,complications of renal insufficiency,cardiovascular disease or diabetes,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR),lymphocyte/monocyte ratio(LMR),sys-temic immune inflammation index(SII),SII/albumin(SII/ALB)and C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio(CLR)(all P<0.05).Among SLE patients who developed pneumonia after developing COVID-19,the levels of SII/ALB and CLR were higher than those of non-pneumonia patients,with statistically significant differences(both P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,SII/ALB,and CLR were independent risk factors for pneumonia in SLE patients with COVID-19(all P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed the area under the CLR curve of 0.791,sensitivity of 90.3%,and specificity of 57.4%,with good diagnostic value.Conclusion Age,SII/ALB,and CLR are risk factors for pneumonia in SLE patients with COVID-19.More attention needs to be paid on populations with these characteristics in clinical practice,so as to reduce the occurrence of complications and im-prove prognosis.
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Objective: To explore the independent risk factors of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMN) metastasis and the risk assessment method of IMN metastasis preoperatively in breast cancer patients with negative IMN in imaging examination, and guide the radiotherapy of IMN in patients with different risk stratification of IMN metastasis. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 301 breast cancer patients who underwent internal mammary sentinel node biopsy(IM-SLNB) and/or IMN dissection in Shandong Cancer Hospital with negative IMN on CT and/or MRI from January 2010 to October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The independent risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the independent risk factors of IMN metastasis were used to risk stratification. Results: Among the 301 patients, 43 patients had IMN metastasis, and the rate of IMN metastasis was 14.3%. Univariate analysis showed that vascular tumor thrombus, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, T stage and N stage were associated with IMN metastasis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor located in medial quadrant, positive PR and axillary lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for IMN metastasis. The risk of IMN metastasis was assessed according to the independent risk factors of the patients: low-risk group is including 0 risk factor, medium-risk group is including 1 risk factor, and high-risk group is including 2-3 risk factors. According to this evaluation criteria, 301 patients with breast cancer were divided into low-risk group (with 0 risk factors), medium-risk group (with 1 risk factor) and high-risk group (with 2-3 risk factors). The IMN metastasis rates were 0 (0/34), 4.3% (6/140) and 29.1% (37/127), respectively. Conclusions: The risk stratification of IMN metastasis according to three independent risk factors of IMN metastasis including tumor located in medial quadrant, positive PR and axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients can guide the radiotherapy of IMN in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. For N1 patients, radiotherapy of IMN is strongly recommended when the primary tumor is located in the medial quadrant and/or PR positive.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methodsABSTRACT
With the development of new strategies like target therapy and immunotherapy, early breast cancer treatment has become more standardized, and the interval of disease free survival has been extended. Although guidelines and expert consensus have provided supports for clinical decision making, there are still some controversial issues in clinical practice, attributing to different treatment concepts, product indications and accessibility. These controversial issues would eventually affect the treatment of early breast cancer. This year in 2021, the approval of new indications of drugs like abemaciclib and the popularity of dual anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeted drugs have promoted the change of treatment modalities for different types of early breast cancer. To this end, ten hot topics of early breast cancer are summarized according to their different molecular typing and treatment stages for discussion.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
Osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) is one of the complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is characterized by complex pathogenesis and difficult treatment, and is the main cause of SLE-induced disability. Previous studies have confirmed that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in the pathological process of SLE, and the activation of JAK/STAT has also been found to be related to the occurrence of ONFH. Therefore, we speculated that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway may play an important role in the occurrence and development of SLE-ONFH. 30 female MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into three groups: the model group (Lipopolysaccharide/24 hours, twice + Methylprednisolone/24 hours, 3 times), the control group (equal amount of PBS) and the treatment group (the model group + JAK1/2 inhibitors Baricitinib/day, 6 weeks), with 10 mice in each group. The results showed that the grip value of the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the 4th and 6th week (P < 0. 05), and that of the treatment group was better than that of the model group at the 6th week (P < 0. 05). At the 6th week, the mice were sacrificed to take the bilateral femoral head, and the morphology and HE staining pathological changes of the femoral head were observed. The results showed that the femoral head of the control group was spherical, transparent, hard and without cartilage defects, while that of the model group was irregular, rough, gray in color and partial defects of the femoral head. The performance of the mice in the treatment group was basically similar to that in the model group. And the overall appearance of the femoral head was more irregular than that in the control group. The color was darker than that in the control group, and there was a partial defect of the femoral head, but the degree was not as serious as that in the model group. The empty bone lacuna rate in the model group and treatment group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0. 05), and the empty bone lacuna rate in the treatment group was lower than that in the model group (P < 0. 05). Western blotting, ELISA and RT-qPCR were used to detect the protein expression, phosphorylation levels, mRNA expression of the JAK/STAT pathway (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, STAT3) in local bone tissues, and the expression of IL-6 and TNF- α in serum and local tissues. The mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α and STAT3 in bone tissues of the model group were significantly higher than that of the control group and treatment group, and the content of serum IL-6 and TNF- α of the model group were significantly higher than that of the treatment group and control group. The cartilage catabolic metabolites ADAMTS-4, MMP-13 and JAK/STAT pathway related proteins JAK1, p-JAK1, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3 and pSTAT3 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group and treatment group. In summary, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of ONFH in MRL/lpr lupus erythematosus mice. Selective JAK1/2 inhibitors can effectively inhibit ONFH inflammation, improve bone structures and joint functions, and may become an effective therapeutic drug for SLE ONFH.
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In the past two decades, with the introduction of NCCN guidelines, the establishment of a standardized diagnosis and treatment system for breast cancer had begun. The Chinese version of the NCCN guidelines, which combines international standards and Chinese characteristics, was then developed to guide clinical practice. Since 2011, Chinese experts have entered St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Group, and to introduce the latest therapy concepts. On this basis, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology has developed guidelines for diagnosis and treatment in line with product accessibility and expert opinions to help clinicians choose the best treatment option. The latest Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Guideline will further contribute to the establishment of a standardized diagnosis and treatment system for breast cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) can repair the injury of nerve cells caused by ischemia and hypoxia, but which state of cells has a better therapeutic efficacy, primary isolation or induced differentiation is not yet known. OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSCs primary cultured and differentiated in a rat model of cerebral infarction.METHODS: After full-term delivery, fetal umbilical cord blood samples were obtained using quadruple bags by means of density gradient centrifugation. hUC-MSCS were induced in the medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor. Sixty rats were equivalently randomized into four groups: sham, model, primary culture and induced differentiation groups. Animal models of cerebral infarction were made in the rats in the latter three groups. Model rats in the primary culture and induced differentiation groups were subjected to tail vein transplantation of hUC-MSCs that were primary cultured or induced to differentiate in vitro at 7 days after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A marked improvement in balance, walking, spatial orientation, and learning and memory abilities was found in the rats after transplantation of hUC-MSCs that were primary cultured or induced to differentiate. Moreover, compared with the primary culture group, a significant improvement was found in the induced differentiation group, including improved pathological injury of the brain, higher expression of CD34 and Ki-67, lower expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, lower expression of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor β. Compared with the primary culture group, similar infarction size and expression of interleukin-6 were also found in the induced differentiation group. These findings indicate that hUC-MSCs with induced differentiation exhibit better therapeutic outcomes in the recovery of neurological function of cerebral infarction rats.
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Objective:To discuss innovative development under the "6 requirements" guidance of supply-side structural reform,and provide direction of development reference for promoting the development of blood collection and supply.Methods:It reviewed the development of blood collection and supply in a certain blood center,analyzed the integrating degree between the main business development measures and "6 requirements" of supply-side structural reform.Results:There was a better compatibility between the main measures and "6 requirements" of supply-side structural reform.Conclusion:Based on the "6 requirements" guidance of supply-side structural reform,innovative development could be led to effectively break the current bottleneck at blood collection and supplyment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the position, displacement, degree of inclusion (DI) and matching index (MI) of the gross tumor volume (GTV) for peripheral lung cancer based on 4-dimensional CT (4D CT) and 3-dimensional CT (3D CT) assisted with active breathing control (ABC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen patients with peripheral lung cancer underwent 4D CT simulation scan during free breathing and 3D CT simulation scans in end-inspiratory hold (CTEIH) and end-expiratory hold (CTEEH) in turn. The 4D CT images from each respiratory cycle were sorted into 10 phases. phase 0 was defined as end-inspiratory phase (CT0), and phase 50 was defined as end-expiratory phase (CT50). The GTVs were delineated separately on CT0, CT50, CTEIH and CTEEH images, and then GTV0, GTV50, GTVEIH and GTVEEH were constructed, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median distances between the centroids of GTV0 and GTVEIH, GTV50 and GTVEEH were 3.9 mm and 3.4 mm in all patients, 3.2 mm and 3.1 mm in the upper lobe group, and 5.0 mm and 4.7 mm in the lower lobe group, respectively. In the upper lobe group, the GTV0 and GTVEIH were 65.9% and 63.1%, and the median mutual DIs of GTV50 and GTVEEH were 67.5%, 63.1%, respectively. In the lower lobe group, the GTV0 and GTVEIH were 35.3% and 21.4%, and the median mutual DIs of GTV50 and GTVEEH were 27.8% and 24.8%, respectively. In the upper lobe group, the median MI of GTV0 and GTVEIH was 0.5, and the median MI of GTV50 and GTVEEH was 0.6. In the lower lobe group, the median MI of GTV0 and GTVEIH was 0.2, and the median MI of GTV50 and GTVEEH was 0.3. Whether in the upper or lower lobe groups, all the differences between displacements of centroid positions of GTVEIH and GTVEEH (ABC displacement) and GTV0 and GTV50 (4D displacement ) were <1 mm in three dimensional directions (all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The target displacement of tumors based on 3D CT scanning in end-inspiratory hold and end-expiration hold can be used to construct internal target volume instead of that based on 4D CT scanning in extreme phase for peripheral lung cancers, but spatital mismatches of GTVs are obvious between extreme phases in 4D CT and corresponding phases in 3D CT assisted with ABC, especially for tumors of smaller volume and with larger motion amplitude.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adenocarcinoma , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Movement , Respiration , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of registration based on different reference markers on the displacement of the geometry consisted of all clips in the cavity for external-beam partial breast irradiation at moderate deep inspiration breath holding assisted by active breathing control device.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven early stage breast cancer patients feasible for external beam partial breast irradiation (EB-PBI) were selected. The patients undertaken three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) simulation scan at moderate deep inspiration breath holding (mDIBH) assisted by active breathing control device, and two sets of mDIBH CT images were got and transferred to the Pinnacle 3 planning system. All of the silver clips were delineated and a geometry consisted of all clips were generated. On the account of automatic registration of mDIBH CT images, manual registration was carried out based separately on the topside clip in the cavity, the labeled skin at anterior surface of the cavity at central level and the metal mark on the body surface near the cavity, then the displacements of center of the geometry in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP) and superior-inferior (SI) directions based separately on the three registrations were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The displacements of center of the geometry in LR, AP and SI directions based on registration of the clips, the labeled skin and the metal mark were (0.61 ± 0.62)mm vs. (1.11 ± 1.21)mm vs. (1.31 ± 1.55)mm, (0.63 ± 0.59)mm vs. (0.92 ± 0.93)mm vs. (1.19 ± 1.24)mm and (0.91 ± 0.96)mm vs. (2.13 ± 2.12)mm vs. (1.93 ± 1.55)mm, respectively. Compared the displacements of center of the geometry in the same direction between the three registrations, significant differences were found only in SI direction between clip registration and skin registration, clip registration and mark registration (t = 5.045, 7.210 and P = 0.025, 0.007) . Compared the displacements of center of the geometry between three dimensional directions for each reference registration, there was no significant difference (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>When EB-PBI is carried out in state of mDIBH, measurement of the intrafraction displacement based on registration of the clip in the cavity is a reasonable selection. Otherwise, excessive margin enlargement of PTV in SI direction will be generated if the regional skin or metal mark is selected as registration reference.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiotherapy , Breath Holding , Fiducial Markers , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Radiography , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Surgical InstrumentsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the displacement of the selected clips and the center of the geometry consisted of all the clips in the surgical cavity measured on the basis of four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) simulation images.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourteen breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery were recruited for external beam partial-breast irradiation (EB-PBI), and received large aperture CT simulation. The 4D-CT image data sets were collected when the patient was in the free breathing state. Using the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system, the selected four clips in the cavity were separately delineated on the CT images from 10 phases of the breath cycle, and all of the clips in the cavity were marked to obtain the geometry. Then the displacement of the four selected clips and the center of the geometry in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions were measured. The differences of the displacement were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The displacements in the AP and SI directions were always greater than the displacement in LR direction for the same selected clip. The difference of the displacements in the same direction of the different selected clips was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The displacements of the geometry center consisted of all of the clips in the LR, AP, SI directions were (1.34±0.39) mm, (2.01±1.02) mm and (1.89±1.03) mm, respectively, and the difference of the displacements between LR and AP, LR and SI were all statistically significant (P<0.05). In the same directions (LR, AP and SI), the displacement of geometry center was always greater than the displacement of the selected clips, and the difference except SI direction was all statistically significant (P<0.05). In the SI direction, the association between the displacement of geometry center and the upper clip, geometry center and the lower clip was statistically significant (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When the target for EB-PBI is defined on the basis of 4D-CT simulation images, the displacement of the selected clips at the border of the surgical cavity is not qualified to substitute the displacement of the target defined basing on all of the clips in the surgical cavity.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Combined Modality Therapy , Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography , Mastectomy, Segmental , Radiotherapy, Image-Guided , Respiration , Silver , Surgical InstrumentsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the position and magnitude of internal target gross volume (IGTV) of primary hepatocarcinoma delineated by three methods based on four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) and to investigate the relevant factors affecting the position and magnitude.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty patients with primary hepatocarcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) underwent big bore 4D-CT simulation scan of the thorax and abdomen using a real-time position management (RPM) system for simultaneous record of the respiratory signals. The CT images with respiratory signal data were reconstructed and sorted into 10 phase groups in a respiratory cycle, with 0% phase corresponding to end-inhale and 50% corresponding to end-exhale. The maximum intensity projection (MIP) image was generated. IGTVs of the tumor were delineated using the following three methods: (1) The gross tumor volume (GTV) on each of the ten respiratory phases of the 4D-CT image set was delineated and fused ten GTV to produce IGTV10; (2) The GTVs delineated separately based on 0% and 50% phase were fused to produce IGTV(IN+EX); (3) The visible tumor on the MIP image was delineated to produce IGTV(MIP). Twenty patients were divided into groups A and B based on the location of the target center,and were divided into groups C and D based on the tumor maximum diameter. The patients were divided into groups E and F based on the three-dimensional (3D) motion vector of the target center. The position of the target center, the volume of target, the degree of inclusion (DI) and the matching index (MI) were compared reciprocally between IGTV10, IGTV(IN+EX) and IGTV(MIP), and the influence of the tumor position and 3D motion vector on the related parameters were compared based on the grouping.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average differences between the position of the center of IGTVs on direction of X, Y and Z axes were less than 1.5 mm, and the difference was statistically not significant. The volume of IGTV10 was larger than that of IGTV(IN+EX), but the difference was not significant (t = 0.354, P = 0.725). The volume of IGTV10 was larger than that of IGTV(MIP) but the difference was not significant (t = -0.392, P = 0.697). The ratio of IGTV(IN+EX) to IGTV10 was 0.75 +/- 0.15 and the ratio of IGTV(MIP) to IGTV10 was 0.78 +/- 0.14. The DI of IGTV(IN+EX) in IGTV10 was (74.85 +/- 15.09)% and that of IGTV(MIP) in IGTV10 was (68.87 +/- 13.69)%. The MI between IGTV10 and IGTV(IN+EX), IGTV10 and IGTV(MIP) were 0.75 +/- 0.15 and 0.67 +/- 0.13, respectively. The median of ratio of IGTV(IN+EX)/ IGTV10 was 0.57 in group A versus 0.87 in group B, statistically with a significant difference between the groups A and B (Z = -3.300,P = 0.001). The median of ratio of IGTV(MIP)/IGTV10 was 0.51 in the group A and 0.72 in group B, with a significant difference between the groups A and B (Z = -3.413, P = 0.001). The median of ratio of IGTV(IN+EX)/IGTV10 was 0.79 in group C versus 0.74 in group D, with a difference not significant (Z = -0.920, P = 0.358). The median of ratio of IGTV(MIP)/IGTV10 was 0.85 in group C versus 0.80 in group D, with a non-significant difference (Z = -0.568, P = 0.570). The median of ratio of IGTV(IN+EX)/IGTV10 was 0.87 in group E versus 0.68 in group F, with a significant difference between the two groups (Z = -2.897, P = 0.004). The median of ratio of IGTV(MIP)/IGTV10 was 0.85 in the group E versus 0.81 in the group F, with a non-significant difference (Z = -0.568, P = 0.570).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The center displacement of the IGTVs delineated separately by the three techniques based on 4D-CT images is not obvious. IGTV(IN+EX) and IGTV(MIP) can not replace IGTV10, however, IGTV(IN+EX) is more close to IGTV10 comparing with IGTV(MIP). The ratio of IGTV10 and IGTV(MIP) is correlated to the 3D motion vector of the tumor. When the tumor is situated in the upper part of the liver and with a 3D motion vector less than 9 mm, IGTV10 should be the best IGTV.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Liver Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Respiration , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the dosimetric variance in forward intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) based on 4D CT and 3D CT after breast conserving surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventeen patients after breast conserving surgery underwent 3D CT simulation scans followed by respiration-synchronized 4D CT simulation scans at free breathing state. The treatment plan constructed using the end inspiration (EI) scan was then copied and applied to the end expiration (EE), and 3D scans and dose distribution were calculated separately. Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) parameters for the CTV, PTV, ipsilateral lung and heart were evaluated and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CTV volume difference was biggest between T0 and 3D CT, and the volume difference was 4.10 cm(3). Mean dose of PTV at EE was lower than that at EI (P = 0.019), but there were no statistically significant difference between 3D and EI, EE (all P > 0.05). The homogeneity index (HI) at EI, EE, 3D plans were 0.149, 0.159 and 0.164, respectively, and a significant difference was only between EI and EE (P = 0.039). The highest conformal index (CI) was at EI phase (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between EE and 3D (P = 0.758). The V(40) and V(50) of ipsilateral lung at EE phase were lower than that at EI (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in all the indexes for heart (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The breast deformation during respiration may be disregarded in whole breast IMRT. PTV dose distribution is significantly changed between EI and EE phases, and the differentiation of the lung high dose area between EI and EE phases may be induced by thorax expansion. 3D treatment planning is sufficient for whole breast forward IMRT, but 4D CT scans assisted by respiratory gating ensures more precise delivery of radiation dose.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Breast Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography , Methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Methods , Mastectomy, Segmental , Organs at Risk , Radiotherapy Dosage , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated , RespirationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the intrafraction displacement of the mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT), and to provide the basis for the internal margin of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four NSCLC patients with mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes confirmed by contrast enhanced CT (short axis diameter ≥ 1 cm) were included in this study. 4D-CT simulation was carried out during free breathing and 10 image sets were acquired. The mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes and the dome of ipsilateral diaphragma were separately delineated on the CT images of 10 phases of breath cycle, and the lymph nodes were grouped as the upper, middle and lower mediastinal groups depending on the mediastinal station. Then the displacements of the lymph nodes in the left-right, anterior-posterior, superior-inferior directions and the 3-dimensional vector were measured. The differences of displacement in three directions for the same group of metastatic lymph nodes and in the same direction for different groups of metastatic lymph nodes were compared. The correlation between the displacement of ipsilateral diaphragma and mediastinal lymph nodes was analyzed in superior-inferior direction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The displacements in left-right, anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions were (2.24 ± 1.55) mm, (1.87 ± 0.92) mm and (3.28 ± 2.59) mm for the total (53) mediastinal lymph nodes, respectively. The vectors were (4.70 ± 2.66) mm, (3.87 ± 2.45) mm, (4.97 ± 2.75) mm and (5.23 ± 2.67) mm for the total, upper, middle and lower mediastinal lymph nodes, respectively. For the upper mediastinal lymph nodes, the displacements in left-right, anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions showed no significant difference between each other (P > 0.05). For the middle mediastinal lymph nodes, the displacements merely in anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions showed significant difference (P = 0.005), while the displacements were not significantly different in the left-right and anterior-posterior, left-right and superior-inferior directions (P > 0.05). The displacements of the total and the lower mediastinal lymph nodes in left-right and superior-inferior, or anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions were significantly different (P < 0.05), but was not significantly different in left-right and anterior-posterior directions (P > 0.05). The displacements of different group of mediastinal lymph nodes in a single direction or vector showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the superior-inferior direction, the correlation between the displacements of ipsilateral diaphragma and mediastinal lymph nodes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>During free breathing, the differences between the intrafractional displacement of mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes in the same direction and its station were not statistically significant. The displacements of the total mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes in the superior-inferior direction were greater than that in the left-right and anterior-posterior directions, especially for the middle and lower mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes. There was no significant correlation between the displacements of ipsilateral diaphragma and the mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes in the superior-inferior direction, so it was unreasonable to estimate and predict the displacement of mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes by the displacement of ipsilateral diaphragma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography , Methods , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Lymph Nodes , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Mediastinum , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Movement , RespirationABSTRACT
This study was purposed to investigate the effects of 25 Gy gamma-ray irradiation on the CD62p expression, platelet count and the mean platelet volume (MPV) of manually enriched platelet suspension in different time of shelf life at 22 degrees C. Each of 16 bags with plasma-rich platelet was divided into two bags, one of which was exposed to 25 Gy gamma-ray of 137Cs and the other ones was not exposed. 16 bags then were preserved for 72 hours according to AABB standards. The irradiated platelets were regarded as the observation group, and the other ones were regarded as the control group, the expression of p-selectin (CD62p) in the above 2 groups was detected by flow cytometry before irradiation and at 24, 72 hours after irradiation respectively; at the same time, the platelet count and MPV were assayed by using blood cell counter. The results showed that the expression level of CD62p on platelet in irradiated and control groups increased along with the prolonging of preservation time, the expression rate of CD62p on the platelets preserved for 24 hours was higher than that on fresh platelets with significant difference (p<0.05); the expression rate of CD62p on the platelets preserved for 72 hours obviously was enhanced as compared with platelets preserved for 24 hours (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in CD62p expression rate, platelet count and MPV between irradiated and control groups preserved for 24 and 72 hours (p>0.05), however the MPV of irradiated and control groups preserved for 72 hours was higher than that of fresh platelets (p<0.05). It is concluded that the gamma-ray irradiation does not affect the quantity and quality of platelets, but the preservation time for manually enriched platelet suspension should be shortened as far as possible.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Platelets , Metabolism , Radiation Effects , Flow Cytometry , Gamma Rays , P-Selectin , Metabolism , Radiation Effects , Platelet Count , Plateletpheresis , Preservation, Biological , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the overlap ratio of the target volume in different respiratory statuses of active breath control (ABC) and their differences during external-beam partial breast irradiation (EB-PBI), and from the perspective of target volume overlap to determine the influence of the ABC-assisted breathing condition on intra-fractional target movement of EB-PBI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patients, who received breast-conserving surgery with silver clips marked at the margins of the cavity and were suitable for EB-PBI, were immobilized on the breast bracket to undertake CT simulation assisted by ABC device, six sets of CT simulation images including two sets of image in state of moderate deep inspiration breathing control (mDIBH), two sets of images in state of free breath (FB) and two sets of images in state of deep expiration breathing control (DEBH) were obtained. The six sets of images were transferred to Pinnacle(3) treatment planning system (TPS), then automatic fusion and registration between two sets of mDIBH images, two sets of FB images, two sets of DEBH images and mDIBH image and DEBH image were achieved separately. Thereafter, the overlap ratios of GTV with GTV, CTV with CTV, PTV with PTV were calculated by the Pinnacle(3) TPS. The differences between the overlap ratios of the three kinds of targets in the same registered image and the difference between the overlap ratios of the same kind of target in the different registered images were statistically analyzed using statistical package of SPSS 11.5.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on mDIBH/mDIBH registration, the overlap ratios of GTV/GTV, CTV/CTV and PTV/PTV were (83.54 ± 11.41)%, (93.00 ± 6.49)%, and (95.26 ± 4.90)%, respectively, and the differences of the overlap ratios between GTV/GTV and CTV/CTV, GTV/GTV and PTV/PTV were all statistically significant (P < 0.05), but statistically not significant between CTV/CTV and PTV/PTV (P > 0.05). Based on FB/FB registration, the overlap ratios of GTV/GTV, CTV/CTV and PTV/PTV were (72.55 ± 29.10)%, (89.36 ± 9.53)% and (92.47 ± 7.25)%, respectively, and the differences of the overlap ratios between GTV/GTV and CTV/CTV, CTV/CTV and PTV/PTV were all not statistically significant (P > 0.05), but statistically significant between GTV/GTV and PTV/PTV (P < 0.05). Based on DEBH/DEBH registration, the overlap ratios of GTV/GTV, CTV/CTV and PTV/PTV were (79.48 ± 22.31)%, (92.83 ± 6.77)% and (95.05 ± 4.81)%, respectively, and the differences of the overlap ratios between GTV/GTV and CTV/CTV (P = 0.000), CTV/CTV and PTV/PTV (P = 0.037), GTV/GTV and PTV/PTV (P = 0.000) were statistically all significant (P = 0.000). The differences of the overlap ratios of GTV/GTV, CTV/CTV, and PTV/PTV (P = 0.000) between mDIBH/mDIBH and DEBH/DEBH, mDIBH/mDIBH and FB/FB, FB/FB and DEBH/DEBH were all statistically significant (P = 0.000), and not statistically significant between mDIBH/mDIBH and mDIBH/DEBH, FB/FB and mDIBH/DEBH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>During the delivering of EB-PBI assisted by ABC, the intra-fractional overlap ratios of the target volume between the same breathing state is increasing in the order of GTV/GTV → CTV/CTV → PTV/PTV. The difference of the overlap ratios of the target volumes between mDIBH and mDIBH, FB and FB, DEBH and DEBH is not significant, and the overlap ratios of PTV/PTV in the three breathing statuses of mDIBH, FB and DEBH reaches a higher level. Therefore, from the perspective of target volume overlap, if the setup error is corrected online before delivering, the necessity of breathing control during delivering of EB-PBI is worthy discussing.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Immobilization , Mastectomy, Segmental , Postoperative Period , Radiotherapy, Conformal , Methods , Respiration , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of intrafraction and interfraction target displacement on the dose distribution in the target of forward whole-breast intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) assisted by active breathing control (ABC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Each of the selected patient who had received breast conserving surgery was immobilized and received the primary CT simulation assisted by ABC device to get five sets of CT images in three different breathing status, including free breathing (FB) (one set), moderate deep inspiration breathing hold (mDIBH)(two sets) and deep expiration breathing hold (DEBH) (2 sets). After 10 to 15 fractions of radiation, the repeated CT simulation was completed and the same five sets of CT images were obtained at FB, mDIBH, and DEBH, respectively. In the Pinnacle3 treatment planning system, the forward IMRT planning was completed on the first set of mDIBH CT images from the primary CT simulation, and the planning was separately copied by the special system order to the second set of CT images from the primary CT simulation and to the first set of CT images from the repeated CT simulation, keeping the primary angle, direction, size and shape of the MLC field and prescribed dose un-changed. the volumes covered by selected high dose area in the selected segment were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the planning based on the first set of mDIBH CT images from the primary CT simulation, the volume irradiated by equal and more than 103% of prescribed dose in the segment was (1.16 +/- 0.39) cm3, and the volumes were (3.88 +/- 1.07) cm3 and (51.66 +/- 8.68) cm3 in the plannings copied from the first set of mDIBH CT images from the primary CT simulation respectively to the second set of CT images from the primary CT simulation and first set of CT images from the repeat CT simulation, the difference of the volume in the two plannings based on the two set mDIBH CT image from the primary CT simulation was not statistically significant (t = -1.672, P = 0.103). The difference of the volume in the two plannings based on the two sets of mDIBH CT images respectively from the primary and repeat CT simulations had a significant difference (t = -5.728, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>If the same threshold of mDIBH is maintained during IMRT after breast conserving surgery, the influence of the intrafraction target displacement on the dose distribution is not significant. However, if set-up error is not adjusted, the interfraction change of position of the segment given to cover the high dose area in the IMRT planning will be significant, resulting in a significant change of dose distribution in the breast.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Carcinoma, Lobular , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Mastectomy, Segmental , Postoperative Period , Radiography , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated , Methods , Respiration , Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship of dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters and computed tomography grading of radiation-induced lung injury in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred sixty-nine patients with stage I approximately III NSCLC, treated by 3D-CRT and followed by CT scan for more than six months after 3D-CRT, were divided into grade 0 to grade 4 based on the appearance of radiation-induced lung injury on CT image defined jointly by radiotherapist and radiologist. The patients were divided into CT positive group (grade 2 to grade 4) and CT negative group (grade 0 to grade 1), then the treatment planning shown to the patients were reviewed to compare and analyze the relationship of CT grading of radiation-induced lung injury and the DVH parameter selected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Regardless of whole lung or tumor-bearing lung, there was a statistically significant difference in normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) between the patients grouped with different CT grading of radiation-induced lung injury, and the mean of NTCP increased along with upgrade of CT grading. There was a statistically significant difference of mean lung dose (MLD) regardless of whole lung or tumor-bearing lung between the patients grouped with different CT grading of radiation-induced lung injury, and MLD increased along with upgrade of CT grading. There was a statistically significant difference of the volume received equal or more than 20 Gy (V(20)), 30 Gy (V(30)), 40 Gy (V(40)) of whole lung and tumor-bearing lung between the patients grouped with different CT grading of radiation-induced lung injury, and V(20), V(30), V(40) increased along with upgrade of CT grading. There were not statistically significant differences of the DVH parameters of the contralateral lung in the patients of different groups based on the CT grading. On statistical analysis, the DVH parameters of whole lung and tumor-bearing lung closely correlated with CT grading of radiation-induced injury of the tumor-bearing lung, and there was a relatively strongest relationship between NTCP and CT grading of the tumor-bearing lung (eta = 0.522).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DVH parameters such NTCP, MLD, V(20), V(30), and V(40) are statistically correlated closely with CT grading of radiation-induced lung injury after radiotherapy for the patients with NSCLC treated by 3D-CRT. Therefore the parameters can be selected as the reference for evaluation after 3D-CRT for patients with NSCLC.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Follow-Up Studies , Lung , Radiation Effects , Lung Injury , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Neoplasm Staging , Radiation Injuries , Radiotherapy Dosage , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted , Radiotherapy, Conformal , Methods , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the displacement of surgical clip and cavity during different respiratory status, intrafraction and interfraction for the patients treated by external-beam partial breast irradiation (EB-PBI) assisted by active breathing control (ABC) device after breast-conserving surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After breast-conserving surgery, twenty-five patients with stage I/II breast cancer who was identified to be feasible for EB-PBI underwent CT-simulation positioning assisted with ABC device. Five series of CT images were done during three respiratory status, which included one series of images during free breathing status (FB), two series of images during moderate deep inspiration breath hold (mDIBH), two series of images during deep expiration breath hold (DEBH) at 75% maximum inspiration capacity, and all of the five series of images were transferred to ADAC Pinnacle3 treatment planning system. This procedure was repeated after 10 - 15 days. The targets were delineated and the first appeared clips were marked by the same radiotherapist on the CT images in mDIBH and DEBH status from the first CT simulation positioning to analyze the displacement of the targets produced by respiratory status. The targets were also delineated and all of the clips were marked by the same radiotherapist on another two series of CT images during mDIBH from the first and repeated CT-simulation positioning for analyzing the intrafraction and interfraction movement of cavity and clips, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant difference between mDIBH and DEBH in the movement of the point of interest (POI) of the first appeared clip in the directions of X (0.22 cm), Y (1.27 cm) and Z axis (0.50 cm) (chi2 =9.558, P = 0.008); and this was also found to be present in the movement of POI of the cavity in the directions of X (0.10 cm), Y (1.08 cm) and Z axis (0.50 cm) (chi2 = 20.44, P <0.01). Regardless of the clip and the cavity, the movement extent along the direction of Y axis was the biggest. However, no significant difference was found in the displacements of POI of the geometric form constructed by all clips in the directions of X (0.09 cm, 0.68 cm), Y (0.14 cm, 0.37 cm) and Z axis (0.25 cm, 0.50 cm) in the same respiratory status of mDIBH at different moment in the intrafraction and interfraction, respectively; and this was also found in the displacements of POI of the cavity in the direction of X (0.15 cm, 0.66 cm), Y (0.17 cm, 0.45 cm) and Z axis (0.25 cm, 0.75 cm)in the same respiratory status of mDIBH at different moment in the intrafraction and interfraction, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The margin of planning target volume for external beam partial breast irradiation in different respiratory status is found to be different, the margin displacement along the different axis is also different in free breathing status. However, it can be controlled almost at the same extent in moderate deep inspiration breath hold if assisted by active breathing control device.</p>