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1.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1039036

ABSTRACT

Bacterial biofilms gave rise to persistent infections and multi-organ failure, thereby posing a serious threat to human health. Biofilms were formed by cross-linking of hydrophobic extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA, which were synthesized by bacteria themselves after adhesion and colonization on biological surfaces. They had the characteristics of dense structure, high adhesiveness and low drug permeability, and had been found in many human organs or tissues, such as the brain, heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and skeleton. By releasing pro-inflammatory bacterial metabolites including endotoxins, exotoxins and interleukin, biofilms stimulated the body’s immune system to secrete inflammatory factors. These factors triggered local inflammation and chronic infections. Those were the key reason for the failure of traditional clinical drug therapy for infectious diseases.In order to cope with the increasingly severe drug-resistant infections, it was urgent to develop new therapeutic strategies for bacterial-biofilm eradication and anti-bacterial infections. Based on the nanoscale structure and biocompatible activity, nanobiomaterials had the advantages of specific targeting, intelligent delivery, high drug loading and low toxicity, which could realize efficient intervention and precise treatment of drug-resistant bacterial biofilms. This paper highlighted multiple strategies of biofilms eradication based on nanobiomaterials. For example, nanobiomaterials combined with EPS degrading enzymes could be used for targeted hydrolysis of bacterial biofilms, and effectively increased the drug enrichment within biofilms. By loading quorum sensing inhibitors, nanotechnology was also an effective strategy for eradicating bacterial biofilms and recovering the infectious symptoms. Nanobiomaterials could intervene the bacterial metabolism and break the bacterial survival homeostasis by blocking the uptake of nutrients. Moreover, energy-driven micro-nano robotics had shown excellent performance in active delivery and biofilm eradication. Micro-nano robots could penetrate physiological barriers by exogenous or endogenous driving modes such as by biological or chemical methods, ultrasound, and magnetic field, and deliver drugs to the infection sites accurately. Achieving this using conventional drugs was difficult. Overall, the paper described the biological properties and drug-resistant molecular mechanisms of bacterial biofilms, and highlighted therapeutic strategies from different perspectives by nanobiomaterials, such as dispersing bacterial mature biofilms, blocking quorum sensing, inhibiting bacterial metabolism, and energy driving penetration. In addition, we presented the key challenges still faced by nanobiomaterials in combating bacterial biofilm infections. Firstly, the dense structure of EPS caused biofilms spatial heterogeneity and metabolic heterogeneity, which created exacting requirements for the design, construction and preparation process of nanobiomaterials. Secondly, biofilm disruption carried the risk of spread and infection the pathogenic bacteria, which might lead to other infections. Finally, we emphasized the role of nanobiomaterials in the development trends and translational prospects in biofilm treatment.

2.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-907109

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo understand the satisfaction and comfort level of the rail transit passengers regarding hygienic environment of one city, and provide a basis of hygienic management and suggestions for rail transit operations. MethodsPassengers who have lived in the city for the past 6 months and used rail transit as their main transportation tool were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey to collect basic information, satisfaction with environmental cleanliness, perception of crowdedness, air quality and noise, etc. The Chi-square, Pearson contingency coefficient and linear trend test of orderly grouped data were used for statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 820 valid questionnaires were collected, with a total effective rate of 94.0%. Passengers' overall satisfaction with the environmental cleanliness of each link of rail transit was between basic and relatively better satisfaction, with an average of 3.52. Passengers with different one-way trip times had different satisfaction with the cleanliness of each link (P<0.05). Passengers generally thought that the rail transit was crowded and the carriages were more crowded than the station. The level of feeling congestion was correlated with the age and gender of passengers (P<0.05). Passengers thought that the air quality of the rail transit was inferior in carriages during the evening rush hour, and experienced different symptoms such as drowsiness, dizziness, and headache. Passengers perceived that the rail transit was noisy, and much noisier in the carriages. ConclusionPassengers are basically satisfied with the hygienic environment of rail transit. It is necessary to focus on strengthening the hygiene and cleanliness of toilets and X-ray luggage inspection systems in the future rail transit hygienic design and management. Passengers are uncomfortable with the air quality, congestion and noise in the rail transit environment. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management and control of the centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems, enhance fresh air volume, reduce ambient noise, and focus on controlling the hygiene environment in the carriages in order to improve the comfort and satisfaction of passengers in the rail transit environment.

3.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-907132

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo understand the satisfaction and comfort level of the rail transit passengers regarding hygienic environment of one city, and provide a basis of hygienic management and suggestions for rail transit operations. MethodsPassengers who have lived in the city for the past 6 months and used rail transit as their main transportation tool were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey to collect basic information, satisfaction with environmental cleanliness, perception of crowdedness, air quality and noise, etc. The Chi-square, Pearson contingency coefficient and linear trend test of orderly grouped data were used for statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 820 valid questionnaires were collected, with a total effective rate of 94.0%. Passengers' overall satisfaction with the environmental cleanliness of each link of rail transit was between basic and relatively better satisfaction, with an average of 3.52. Passengers with different one-way trip times had different satisfaction with the cleanliness of each link (P<0.05). Passengers generally thought that the rail transit was crowded and the carriages were more crowded than the station. The level of feeling congestion was correlated with the age and gender of passengers (P<0.05). Passengers thought that the air quality of the rail transit was inferior in carriages during the evening rush hour, and experienced different symptoms such as drowsiness, dizziness, and headache. Passengers perceived that the rail transit was noisy, and much noisier in the carriages. ConclusionPassengers are basically satisfied with the hygienic environment of rail transit. It is necessary to focus on strengthening the hygiene and cleanliness of toilets and X-ray luggage inspection systems in the future rail transit hygienic design and management. Passengers are uncomfortable with the air quality, congestion and noise in the rail transit environment. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management and control of the centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems, enhance fresh air volume, reduce ambient noise, and focus on controlling the hygiene environment in the carriages in order to improve the comfort and satisfaction of passengers in the rail transit environment.

4.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 52-57, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984980

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the characteristics of medical malpractices in orthopaedic surgeries, to explore principles and methods in medical legal identification, and to provide basic data for uniform medicolegal standard for the future medical identification.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 cases of medical malpractices in orthopaedic surgery, among the 364 cases archived in Medicolegal Expertise Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University during 2002-2015.@*RESULTS@#In the 100 cases of orthopedic medical malpractices, with 104 hospitals involved in, 95 cases were judged with medical errors and the other 9 cases with no error. The top 3 reasons for errors were (1) inadequate observation or estimation of diseases (27.9%), (2) intraoperative improper operation (17.3%), and (3) delayed or missed diagnosis and treatment (12.5%). The consequences of medical malpractices were mostly disability (61%), followed by prolonged diseases (31%) and death (8%). With regard to the causal relationship between medical errors and consequences, 95 cases (91.4%) were with causality and the other 9 cases (8.6%) with no causality. Specifically, 56 cases (53.9%) were with medical errors as the secondary causes accounting for 25% causative potency, and 20 cases (19.2%) were with medical errors as the major causes accounting for 75% causative potency.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is pivotally important for determining the causative potency of medical errors to analyse the causes of damages in orthopaedic surgery and to distinguish subjective factors from objective ones of medical errors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Malpractice , Medical Errors , Orthopedic Procedures/standards , Orthopedics , Retrospective Studies
5.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-293347

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe matrine-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells in relation to activation of the apoptotic pathway in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>K562 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of matrine at different concentrations for 4 days, and the morphological and ultramicrostructural changes of the cells were observed using inverted microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related protein p27kip1 was detected by immunocytochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to untreated K562 cells, the cells treated with matrine at 0.10 g/L exhibited apoptostic characteristics in the cellular morphology and ultramicrostructure, with the expression of p27kip1 protein upregulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Matrine-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells is associated with cell apoptosis, and upregulation of p27kip1 protein expression may play a crucial role in the process of apoptosis.</p>


Subject(s)
Humans , Alkaloids , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Physiology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Immunohistochemistry , K562 Cells , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute , Metabolism , Pathology , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Quinolizines , Pharmacology , Signal Transduction , Time Factors
6.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics ; (12): 180-183, 2003.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-280544

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study changes of plasma motilin concentration and it's effect on enteral nutrition in premature infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The plasma motilin concentration of 72 premature infants was measured within 12 hours after birth before enteral feeding and on day 3 and 7 of life by using radioimmunoassay. Sixteen full-term neonates were enrolled as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The plasma concentrations of motilin in premature infants before enteral feeding after birth and on day 3 and 7 were 198.65 +/- 58.42 ng/L, 248.83 +/- 56.00 ng/L, and 376.77 +/- 139.46 ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (300.33 +/- 67.15 ng/L, 334.26 +/- 83.81 ng/L, 510.64 +/- 179.85 ng/L) (P < 0.001 or < 0.01). There was positive correlation between the concentration and gestational age, age in day and the volume of milk. On day 7 the level of motilin was higher than the pre-enteral feeding level of the full term control group. (2) The plasma motilin concentration in feeding un-tolerated premature infants group was lower than that in the normal group, especially on day 3 of life (P < 0.05). (3) Early enteral feeding could improve the plasma motilin levels, gastrointestinal motility and nutrition tolerance in premature infants.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The gastrointestinal functions of premature infants are adaptable to enteral nutrition. Early enteral feeding (including minimal enteral nutrition and non-nutritive sucking) can promote adaptive rapid growth and development of intestine.</p>


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Enteral Nutrition , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Blood , Infant, Premature , Blood , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Blood , Motilin , Blood , Time Factors
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