ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen, and influence of ibuprofen in hippocampal nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatome and its related products in chronic epilepsy rats models.Methods:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) group and PTZ+ibuprofen group ( n=10). Rats in the PTZ group were intraperitoneally injected with PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every one d, and rats in the PTZ+ibuprofen group were intraperitoneally injected with ibuprofen (30 mg/kg) once every one d 30 min before PTZ injection; rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline every one d. Injection for 15 times was performed. After the last injection, the rats were observed for 10 min, and the latency, seizure level and complete ignition of the rats in each group were recorded. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to detect the abnormal brain discharge in rats. Four h after last injection, HE staining and Nissl staining were used to detect the proportion of damaged hippocampal neurons in each group. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the absorbance values of NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-18 positive cells in the hippocampus of rats in each group; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-18 in the hippocampus of each group. Results:(1) As compared with the PTZ group, rats in the PTZ+ibuprofen group had statistically lower incidence of complete ignition, significantly longer latency and significantly lower seizure level ( P<0.05). EEG showed spikes and high amplitude epileptic wave discharge in rats of the PTZ group; EEG showed low amplitude small spiny wave and slow spiny wave in rats of the PTZ+ibuprofen group. (2) As compared with the control group, the proportion of injured hippocampal neurons significantly increased in the PTZ group and PTZ+ibuprofen group ( P<0.05); and the proportion of injured hippocampal neurons in the PTZ+ibuprofen group signficantly decreased as compared with that in the PTZ group ( P<0.05). (3) As compared with those in the control group, the absorbance values of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18 positive cells, and the protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the hippocampus of the PTZ group and PTZ+ibuprofen group were all significantly increased ( P<0.05); as compared with the PTZ group, the the absorbance values of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18 positive cells, and the protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the hippocampus in the PTZ+ibuprofen group were all significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ibuprofen can inhibit the expressions of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18, reduce the intensity of seizures, and play a neuroprotective role.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of ibuprofen on autophagy and astrocyte proliferation and their significances in rats with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy. Methods Sixty male sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, PTZ group, 3-MA+PTZ group, ibuprofen+PTZ group and 3-MA+ibuprofen+PTZ group (n=12); activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid was blocked by PTZ to ignite epileptic rats in the latter 4 groups, and rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline once every one day; rats in the 3-MA+PTZ group and ibuprofen+PTZ group were given intraperitoneal injection of 3-MA (2.5 mg/kg) or ibuprofen (30 mg/kg) 30 min before PTZ injection;rats in the 3-MA+ibuprofen+PTZ group were given intraperitoneal injection of 3-MA (2.5 mg/kg)+ibuprofen (30 mg/kg) at the same time. The behavior and EEG features of rats were observed. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results (1) As compared with rats in the PTZ group and 3-MA+PTZ group, rats in the ibuprofen+PTZ group and 3-MA+ibuprofen+PTZ group had significantly decreased seizure grading and incidence of complete ignition, and significantly increased latency period (P<0.05). (2) The EEG waveform of the control group was normal; electroencephalogram of PTZ group and 3-MA+PTZ group showed sharp waves of high amplitude and spike waves; EEG wave peaks in the ibuprofen+PTZ group and 3-MA+ibuprofen+PTZ group decreased significantly, presenting frequent small spike waves and slow spike waves, among which ibuprofen+PTZ group showed more obvious changes. (3) The results of immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that as compared with the PTZ group, 3-MA+PTZ group had statistically decreased LC3 expression and significantly increased GFAP expression (P<0.05); as compared with the PTZ group, ibuprofen+PTZ group had statistically increased LC3 expression and significantly decreased GFAP expression (P<0.05), however, 3-MA+ibuprofen+PTZ group had statistically decreased LC3 expression and significantly increased GFAP expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Ibuprofen can reduce astrocyte proliferation by promoting autophagy to affect seizures.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical disinfection effect of root canal with non-filling medication.Methods 50 patients who required root canal therapy for apical period(acute or chronic) or pulp necrosis were involved in the study.Non-filling medication on the root canals were taken bacteria from the root canals were collected and cultured before and after the treatment.Results Bacteria were detected in every specimen,which were mixture of aerobes and anaerobes.One week later,only two strain were detected in two specimen.Conclusion Non-filling medication can be used as an effective disinfection to sterilize root canal.