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1.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1031371

ABSTRACT

There are still multiple challenges in China during the malaria post-elimination phase, including a large number of imported malaria cases with widespread distribution, low awareness of timely healthcare seeking, insufficient malaria diagnosis and treatment capacity of medical institutions and insufficient malaria surveillance and response capability of disease control and prevention institutions. As the core technical institutions for preventing the re-establishment of malaria transmission, both medical institutions and disease control and prevention institutions are required to enhance the collaboration between clinical and public health services, improve the malaria diagnosis and quality management system, intensify case identification and epidemiological investigations, and improve the management mechanism of antimalarial drug reserves. In addition, doctors are encouraged to become the main force in the health education and promotion of malaria prevention to improve the public health literacy. These approaches are recommended to improve the overall capability of timely identification, standardized treatment and effective response of imported malaria cases, so as to continuously consolidate the malaria elimination achievements in China.

2.
Frontiers of Medicine ; (4): 10-16, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-929200

ABSTRACT

Malaria remains a global health challenge, although an increasing number of countries will enter pre-elimination and elimination stages. The prompt and precise diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium parasites is the key aspect of malaria elimination. Since the launch of the China Malaria Elimination Action Plan in 2010, China has formulated clear goals for malaria diagnosis and has established a network of malaria diagnostic laboratories within medical and health institutions at all levels. Various external quality assessments were implemented, and a national malaria diagnosis reference laboratory network was established to strengthen the quality assurance in malaria diagnosis. Notably, no indigenous malaria cases have been reported since 2017, but the risk of re-establishment of malaria transmission cannot be ignored. This review summarizes the lessons about malaria diagnosis in the elimination phase, primarily including the establishments of laboratory networks and quality control in China, to better improve malaria diagnosis and maintain a malaria-free status. A reference is also provided for countries experiencing malaria elimination.


Subject(s)
Humans , China/epidemiology , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Global Health , Laboratories , Malaria/prevention & control
3.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-815935

ABSTRACT

@#To preliminarily study the pro⁃angiogenic activity of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts against hu⁃ man umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and the transcriptional level of potential pro⁃angiogenic factors. Methods The hydatid cysts and protoscolex derived from experimentally infected mice were collected and cultured in vitro,then the human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated by the supernatant and cyst fluid respectively,and the angiogenesis was observed and analyzed through a microscope and the angiogenesis mode of the software NIH Image J. Meanwhile,the mouse homologous proteins of matrix metalloproteinase⁃9(MMP⁃9)and high mobility group box B1(HMGB1)were identified in E. granulosus genome through sequence alignment,and their transcriptional levels in the cyst wall and protoscolex were analyzed. Results The culture supernatant of hydatid cysts significantly promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cells into tubes(F = 73.03,P < 0.001),the transcriptions of MMP⁃9 and HMGB1 were detected in the cyst wall and protoscolex,and the transcriptional level of MMP⁃9 was higher in protoscolex(t = -11.65,P < 0.001),while the level of HMGB1 was higher in hydatid cysts(t = 6.43,P = 0.003). Conclusion Some parasite⁃derived pro⁃angiogenic molecules may exist in the supernatant of E. granulosus hydatid cysts,while further researches are required into their exact mechanisms.

4.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-601478

ABSTRACT

Objective To study the structural features and characteristics of a novel gene Schistosoma japonicum 79(Sj79), and observe its effect of RNA interference(RNAi),so as to provide the experimental basis for its further function study and mechanism study of anti reproductive development of schistosome. Methods The gene structure and characteristics of Sj79 were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Then the expressions of Sj79 messenger RNA(mRNA)during the different develop?mental stages of schistosome were analyzed and the effects of RNAi silencing were observed by the soaking method. The tran?scriptional levels of Sj79 after RNAi were detected by real time PCR. Results The open reading frame of Sj79 contained 696 base pairs with an exon structure. The gene had obvious stage specificity,and its transcriptional level in mature female worms was the highest. After soaking for 3 d,the Sj79 mRNA level[(41.0 ± 12.3)%]in the siRNA?1 group with low dosage(20 nmol/L) was lower than that in the siRNA?NC group[(103.2 ± 14.4)%],the difference was statistically significant(t=3.28,P<0.05). When with high dosage(200 nmol/L ),both the Sj79 mRNA levels in the siRNA?1 group[(15.8 ± 10.9)%]and siRNA?2 group [(11.1 ± 8.8)%]were significantly lower than that in the siRNA?NC group[(100.1 ± 6.3)%](t=13.44,27.84,both P<0.01). After soaking for 7 d,only the Sj79 mRNA levels in the siRNA?1group[(43.4 ± 4.5)%]and siRNA?2 group[(62.5 ± 5.4)%]with low dosage were lower than that in the siRNA?NC group[(100.4 ± 5.2)%],and the differences had statistical sig?nificance(t=8.33,5.07,both P<0.01). Conclusion Through this study,we have improved the mRNA sequence and genom?ic information of Sj79 gene,and understood its structural features,as well as selected out two effect fragments siRNA?1and siR? NA?2 which will provide the basic evidences for the further study on egg laying interference of the female adult worm of schisto?some in vitro.

5.
Biomed. environ. sci ; Biomed. environ. sci;(12): 315-320, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-306857

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Cryptosporidium spp. are prevalent globally and sheep are an important zoonotic reservoir. Little data regarding the rates of Cryptosporidium infections in ovines in China are available. This study assessed the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned ovines from Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in the Sichuan province of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 213 fecal samples were collected from pre-weaned ovines and were examined microscopically (following modified acid fast staining). In addition, 18S rRNA genetic sequences were amplified from fecal samples by nested PCR and phylogenetically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in the collected samples was at 14.6% (31/213) and four isolates identified by PCR belonged to the Cryptosporidium cervine genotype (Cryptosporidium ubiquitum) demonstrating that this species was the primary sheep species found in sheep in China.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study suggested that the high incidence of Cryptosporidium in sheep poses a significant public health threat and that surveillance practices must be established to prevent zoonotic disease of humans.</p>


Subject(s)
Animals , China , Cryptosporidium , Genetics , Feces , Parasitology , Oocysts , Microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sheep , Weaning
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