Evaluation of astigmatism-correcting efficiency and clinical effects after phacoemulsification with bifocal Toric intraocular lens implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To assess the astigmatism-correcting efficiency and clinical effects of cataract phacoemulsification combined with bifocal Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation. METHODS: Retrospective analysis. The clinical data of 46 patients(46 eyes)with cataract complicated with regular corneal astigmatism by the treatment of cataract phacoemulsification and bifocal Toric IOL implantation in our hospital from August 2020 to September 2021 were included. The patients were followed up for 3mo after operation, and the changes of uncorrected distant visual acuity(UDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), best corrected distant visual acuity(BCDVA), best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA)and astigmatism before and 1, 3mo after operation were evaluated. The IOL axial rotation was measured and calculated, and a questionnaire was conducted to investigate the necessity of using glasses at different distances and overall satisfaction.RESULTS:After operation at 1 and 3mo, there were significant differences in UDVA, BCDVA, UNVA and BCNVA compared with those before operation(all P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in UDVA, BCDVA, UNVA and BCNVA at 1mo after operation and 3mo after operation(all P>0.0167). At 3mo after operation, 46 eyes(100%)of UDVA reached 0.20(LogMAR), 40 eyes(87.0%)of UNVA reached 0.20(LogMAR). Astigmatism vector analysis showed that the mean preoperative corneal astigmatism in this group was 1.88±0.70D, and the centroid value was 0.61D@177°±1.93D, the mean residual astigmatism at 3mo postoperatively was 0.33±0.30D, and the centroid value was 0.03D@34°±0.45D. After operation at 3mo, the axial rotation of IOL was 3°(0°, 5°). Only 5 eyes(11%)required some degree of refractive correction for near or intermediate distances. 83%(38 eyes)were satisfied or very satisfied with the surgical results CONCLUSION: The implantation of bifocal Toric IOL during cataract surgery could effectively correct corneal regular astigmatism, improve uncorrected distance and near vision, and had high patient satisfaction.

Moxibustion alleviates decreased ovarian reserve in rats by restoring the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Moxibustion, a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat model of DOR and explores the possible mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, DOR, moxibustion (MOX), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The DOR rat model was established by intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg Tripterygium glycoside suspension (TGS), once daily for 14 days. MOX and HRT treatments were given from the day TGS administration was initiated. The ovarian reserve function was evaluated by monitoring the estrus cycle, morphological changes in ovaries, levels of serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), pregnancy rate and embryo numbers. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end-labeling staining was used to identify ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, while the protein and mRNA expressions of Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) in ovarian tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the DOR group, MOX improved the disordered estrous cycle, promoted follicular growth, reduced the number of atresia follicles, increased the concentrations of serum E2 and AMH, and decreased serum FSH and LH concentrations. More importantly, the pregnancy rate and embryo numbers in DOR rats were both upregulated in the MOX treatment group, compared to the untreated DOR model. Further, we found that the MOX group had reduced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced expression of Bax. Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was triggered by the moxibustion treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion improved ovarian function and suppressed apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in a rat model of DOR induced by TGS, and the mechanism may involve the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Electroacupuncture can alter bladder c-Kit expression in rats with urination disorders after a spinal cord injury / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on urodynamics and bladder c-Kit expression in rats with urination disorders after spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:Complete spinal cord injury models were created in female Sprague-Dawley rats by transecting the spine at the thoracic or sacral level. On day 22 after the injury, the rats with successful modeling were randomized into a thoracic spinal cord injury (TSCI) group, a TSCI+ EA group, a sacral spinal cord injury (SSCI) group and an SSCI+ EA group, each of 10. Both EA groups were given 15 minutes of EA at the Guanyuan (CV4) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) points daily for 14 days. After the intervention, urination function was evaluated using bladder volume, compliance and residual urine volume. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe any morphological changes in bladder tissues. The gene and protein expression of c-Kit in bladder tissues were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions and western blotting.Results:Compared with the sham group, the bladder volume and compliance of the TSCI group decreased significantly, while the average residual urine volume increased significantly. In the SSCI group the average residual urine volume, bladder volume and compliance all increased significantly. The modeling altered the morphology of the bladder in all of the SCI rats. The average expression of c-Kit mRNA and protein increased significantly in TSCI group, but both decreased significantly in the SSCI group. EA improved the histological structure of the SCI rats′ bladders.Conclusions:EA can bi-directionally regulate bladder c-Kit expression, and that is a possible mechanism for improving urinary incontinence and urine retention after an SCI.

β -Glucan Improves Protective Qi Status in Adults with Protective Qi Deficiency-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To test the hypothesis that β -glucan enhances protective qi (PQi), an important Chinese medicine (CM) concept which stipulates that a protective force circulates throughout the body surface and works as the first line of defense against "external pernicious influences".@*METHODS@#A total of 138 participants with PQi deficiency (PQD) were randomized to receive β -glucan (200 mg daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. Participants' PQi status was assessed every 2 weeks via conventional diagnosis and a standardized protocol from which a PQD severity and risk score was derived. Indices of participants' immune and general health status were also monitored, including upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), saliva secretory IgA (sIgA), and self-reported measures of physical and mental health (PROMIS).@*RESULTS@#PQi status was not significantly different between the β -glucan and placebo treatment groups at baseline but improved significantly in the β -glucan (vs. placebo) group in a time-dependent manner. The intergroup differences [95% confidence interval (CI)] in severity score (scale: 1-5), risk score (scale: 0-1), and proportion of PQD participants (%) at finish line was 0.49 (0.35-0.62), 0.48 (0.35-0.61), and 0.36 (0.25-0.47), respectively. Additionally, β -glucan improved URTI symptom (scale: 1-9) and PROMIS physical (scale: 16.2-67.7) and mental (scale: 21.2-67.6) scores by a magnitude (95% CI) of 1.0 (0.21-1.86), 5.7 (2.33-9.07), and 3.0 (20.37-6.37), respectively, over placebo.@*CONCLUSIONS@#β -glucan ameliorates PQi in PQD individuals. By using stringent evidence-based methodologies, our study demonstrated that Western medicine-derived remedies, such as β -glucan, can be employed to advance CM therapeutics. (ClinicalTrial.Gov registry: NCT03782974).

Road traffic injury mortality and morbidity by country development status, 2011-2017 / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#This research examined road traffic injury mortality and morbidity disparities across of country development status, and discussed the possibility of reducing country disparities by various actions to accelerate the pace of achieving Sustainable Development Goals target 3.6 - to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020.@*METHODS@#Data for road traffic mortality, morbidity, and socio-demographic index (SDI) were extracted by country from the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease study, and the implementation of the three types of national actions (legislation, prioritized vehicle safety standards, and trauma-related post-crash care service) were extracted from the Global Status Report on Road Safety by World Health Organization. We fitted joinpoint regression analysis to identify and quantify the significant rate changes from 2011 to 2017.@*RESULTS@#Age-adjusted road traffic mortality decreased substantially for all the five SDI categories from 2011 to 2017 (by 7.52%-16.08%). Age-adjusted road traffic mortality decreased significantly as SDI increased in the study time period, while age-adjusted morbidity generally increased as SDI increased. Subgroup analysis by road user yielded similar results, but with two major differences during the study period of 2011 to 2017: (1) pedestrians in the high SDI countries experienced the lowest mortality (1.68-1.90 per 100,000 population) and morbidity (110.45-112.72 per 100,000 population for incidence and 487.48-491.24 per 100,000 population for prevalence), and (2) motor vehicle occupants in the high SDI countries had the lowest mortality (4.07-4.50 per 100,000 population) but the highest morbidity (428.74-467.78 per 100,000 population for incidence and 1025.70-1116.60 per 100,000 population for prevalence). Implementation of the three types of national actions remained nearly unchanged in all five SDI categories from 2011 to 2017 and was consistently stronger in the higher SDI countries than in the lower SDI countries. Lower income nations comprise the heaviest burden of global road traffic injuries and deaths.@*CONCLUSION@#Global road traffic deaths would decrease substantially if the large mortality disparities across country development status were reduced through full implementation of proven national actions including legislation and law enforcement, prioritized vehicle safety standards and trauma-related post-crash care services.

Study on the relationship between acute stress disorder and symptom group in stroke patients with motor impairment / 中国综合临床

Objective:To explore the influence of symptom group of stroke patients with exercise disorder on acute stress disorder.Methods:Patients with stroke and motor impairment hospitalized in the Department of Neurology and surgery of North China University of technology from October 2018 to August 2019 were selected as the research objects.The general information of patients, brain injury subscale (BIS) and Stanford acute stress reaction questionnaire (SARSQ) were investigated by questionnaire.Results:A total of 324 patients with stroke and motor disorders were investigated.The demographic characteristics of education, age, degree of motor function, number of combined dysfunction and Activity Of Daily Living Scale(ADL) grade had effects on acute stress disorder, and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). The score of acute stress disorder in stroke patients with motor disorders was (99.60±13.69 ) points.From the highest to the lowest symptom group, the scores were obsessive symptom (11.35±2.71), depression (7.44±1.86), hostility (7.23±2.26), somatization (3.69±1.42) and psychosis (2.81±1.09). The results of correlation analysis showed that somatization, depression, obsessiveness, hostility and psychosis were positively correlated with the total score of acute stress disorder and the scores of each dimension ( r=0.164, 0.355, 0.329, 0.298, 0.279, all P<0.05), the symptoms were also positively correlated with all the dimensions of acute stress disorder(all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age(Regression coefficient=7.682, 95% CI: 4.930-10.435, P<0.001), the number of combined dysfunction(Regression coefficient=3.937, 95% CI: 0.268-7.605, P=0.036), depression(Regression coefficient=1.662, 95% CI: 0.727-2.597, P=0.001) had influence on ASD of stroke patients. Conclusion:The level of acute stress disorder in stroke patients with motor impairment is on the high side, and the characteristics of symptom group are obvious, which has a positive correlation with acute stress disorder.Medical staff should pay attention to the characteristics of symptom group and acute stress reaction level of stroke patients with motor impairment, so as to provide targeted intervention strategies to avoid disease recurrence and improve the quality of life.

Efficacy and safety of different antiplatelet drugs on coronary heart disease with hyperhomocysteinemia / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) and hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy).Methods:A total of 101 patients with CHD complicated with HHcy who had successfully undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. They were divided into ticagrelor group ( n=49) and clopidogrel group ( n=52) according to the different antiplatelet drugs used. The clinical data of the two groups were collected, and the incidence of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events (MACCE) and bleeding events in one year were compared between the two groups. Results:There was no statistical difference in baseline datas and PCI datas between the clopidogrel and ticagrelor groups ( P>0.05). Compared with clopidogrel group, ticagrelor can reduce the total MACCE (8.16% vs 32.69%, P<0.05) and the incidence of unstable angina pectoris events (0 vs 13.46%, P<0.05) in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia PCI 1 year after operation. The incidences of ischemic stroke, unstable angina pectoris, recurrent myocardial infarction, and cardiogenic death were compared separately between the two groups, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The incidence of major bleeding events, minor bleeding events, and minimal bleeding events were similar between the two groups, and the difference was not statistically significant (4.08% vs 0; 4.08% vs 1.92%; 20.41% vs 9.62%; P>0.05). Conclusions:In patients with CHD and Hhcy, ticagrelor can play a better antithrombotic effect, reduce the incidence of ischemic events, and has good security, which is more worthy of clinical recommendation.

Proof-of-Concept and Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Effect of β-Glucan on Protective Qi Deficiency in Adults / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To preliminarily explore the potential effect of β-glucan on Chinese medicine (CM) concept protective qi deficiency (PQD), and the methodology for future definitive studies.@*METHODS@#To have a standardized assessment of PQD, a list of 13 potentially PQD-relevant parameters were firstly created, each with defined quantitative or categorial scales. Using the data from 37 participants with (21 cases) or without (16 cases) PQD, multivariate logistic modeling was conducted to create a preliminary diagnostic PQD risk score. Subsequently, 21 participants diagnosed with PQD were treated with β-glucan in a dose of 200 mg/day for 8 weeks. Data were collected for trial acceptability measures (rate of recruitment, withdrawal, and compliance), and the participants were assessed for PQD status at baseline and every 2 weeks thereafter.@*RESULTS@#The preliminary logistic model consisted of 3 parameters (low voice and apathy, aversion to wind and cold, and Cun pulse). The resulting risk score demonstrated a degree of PQD-predicting accuracy that, as evaluated by statistical (discrimination and classification) methods, was higher than those obtained from any of the individual candidate parameters. The 21 PQD participants treated with β-glucan demonstrated good receptibility and a time-dependent improvement in PQD status as evidenced by the decrease of PQD participant to 9.5% at the end of study.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study demonstrated the effect of proof-of-concept of β-glucan on improving PQD and the proof-of-concept of a multivariate-model-derived diagnostic PQD risk score. It also indicated feasibility for future definitive studies. Studies like this embody an innovative approach that uses therapies derived from the mainstream biomedicine to enrich therapeutics guided by CM principle. (Trial registration No. NCT03829228).

Investigation and analysis of work stress of medical staff in Shanghai during the period of normalized epidemic prevention and control / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the work stress of medical staff at different medical institutions in Shanghai under the background of normalized prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases(COVID-19), for evidence of relieving the work stress of medical staff.Methods:From September to November 2020, two community health service centers, one secondary hospital and one tertiary hospital were selected from each district of Jing′an District, Jiading District and Pudong New Area of Shanghai, totaling 12 medical institutions. The medical staff were selected by stratified random sampling. A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey on the work stress of medical staff. The survey data were analysied by descriptive analysis, and different groups were compared with chi square test.Results:1 422 valid questionnaires were obtained. There was a significant difference in self-rated routine work stress of medical staff between community health service centers and secondary/tertiary hospitals( P<0.001). The proportions of medical staff whose self-rated routine work stress was " quite stressed" or " very stressed" at community health service centers and secondary/tertiary hospitals were 39.77%(317)and 55.36%(346)respectively. There was a significant difference in self-rated COVID-19 prevention stress of medical staff between community health service centers and secondary/tertiary hospitals( P<0.001), the proportions of medical staff who considered the COVID-19 prevention was " quite stressed" or " very stressed" were 86.45%(689)and 76.48%(478)respectively. Conclusions:The overall work stress of medical staff at medical institutions in Shanghai was high.The prevention and control of COVID-19 increased the pressure of medical staff at all levels of medical institutions.

Analysis on the appeals for rights and interests of medical staff in medical institutions at all levels in Shanghai / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To understand the current situation of appeals for rights and interests of medical staff in community health institutions and secondary/tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, for the suggestions on improving the job satisfaction and enthusiasm of medical staff.Methods:From September to November 2020, two community health service centers(stations), one secondary hospital and one tertiary hospital were selected from Jiading District, Pudong New Area and Jing′an District of Shanghai respectively. An online questionnaire survey was conducted among medical staff in medical institutions selected by stratified random sampling. The survey covered the main demographic information as well as 12 rights and interests demands, namely " salary promotion" among other. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data, and chi square test was used for comparison between groups.Results:1 759 valid questionnaires were recovered in this survey, and 1 654 medical employees(94.03%)reported a high degree of appeal for " salary promotion" . Compared with the medical staff in community health service centers(stations), the medical staff in secondary/tertiary hospitals reported higher demands for " training and study" " title appointment" and " academic promotion" , presenting a difference statistically significant( P<0.05). There were significant differences between doctors and nurses in " routine expense reimbursement" " staff recruitment" " professional title appointment" " children′s education" " cultural and recreational activities" and " opinion feedback channels" ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Salary promotion was the common demand of medical staff at all levels of medical institutions. Medical staff at secondary/tertiary hospitals had higher demands for career development. There were some differences in appeals for rights and interests between doctors and nurses. Medical institutions at all levels should continue to promote the reform of salary system, pay attention to the respective rights and interests of doctors and nurses, and improve their job satisfaction and enthusiasm.

Meta-analysis of effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of lower limbs on patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To evaluate the effect of lower limb neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on mechanical ventilation patients in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:Databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database were searched from inception to May 2021. Randomized controlled trails (RCT) about the influence of NMES of lower limbs in patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU were collected. Routine rehabilitation measures were implemented in the control group, while the combination of routine rehabilitation and NMES on the lower limbs was implemented in the observation group. The literature screening, data extracting, and bias risk assessment of included studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform Meta-analysis. Funnel plot was used to test publication bias.Results:A total of 8 RCT were eventually enrolled. The literature quality evaluation results showed that 1 study was grade A and 7 studies were grade B, suggesting that the quality of the included literature was relatively high. The Meta-analysis results showed that NMES in the lower extremities could effectively shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients [standardized mean difference ( SMD) = -0.51, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was -0.72 to -0.31, P < 0.000 01], increase the maximum inspiratory pressure [MIP; mean difference ( MD) = 14.19, 95% CI was 9.30 to 19.09, P < 0.000 01], and improve the functional status of critically ill patients [functional status score for ICU (FSS-ICU); MD = 10.44, 95% CI was 3.12 to 17.77, P = 0.005] with statistically significances. However, there were no significant advantages in increasing the Medical Research Council (MRC) score ( MD = 2.13, 95% CI was -1.38 to 5.63, P = 0.23), reducing ICU mortality [relative risk ( RR) = 0.80, 95% CI was 0.51 to 1.24, P = 0.31], shortening length of ICU stay ( MD = -0.54, 95% CI was -3.67 to 2.59, P = 0.74), and the combined effect was not statistically significant. Funnel plot based on the duration of mechanical ventilation showed that the distribution of included articles was basically symmetrical, and no publication bias was detected. Conclusions:NMES of the lower limbs can not only shorten the ventilation duration effectively, but also improve the MIP and functional status of mechanically ventilated patients in ICU. However, it has no significant effect on the MRC score, ICU mortality and length of ICU stay of patients with mechanical ventilation. In the future, high-quality, large sample size and multi-center RCT are needed to verify the effects of NMES.

Intervention of phlegm and blood stasis inhibits TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway in the kidney of diabetic rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine for intervention of phlegm and blood stasis in regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and relieving nephropathy in diabetic rats.@*METHODS@#SD rats were divided into blank group (NC), diabetic model group (MC group), intervention of phlegm and blood stasis (RPDBS) group, phlegm-removing (RP) group and blood-removing (DBS) group. Diabetic models were established in all the rats except for those in the blank group. After 4 weeks of feeding, the rats in RPDBS group, RP group and DBS group were given corresponding drug intervention for 8 weeks. HE staining was used to observe the changes in renal histopathology. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad3.@*RESULTS@#The structure and arrangement of the glomeruli and renal tubules improved significantly in the treatment groups in comparison with those in the MC group. The expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad3 and p-Smad3 were significantly downregulated at both the protein and mRNA levels in the treatment groups ( < 0.05), and the down-regulation was more obvious in RPDBS group than in RP group and DBS group ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intervention of phlegm and blood stasis may inhibit the activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and delay diabetic nephropathy and fibrosis to protect the renal function in diabetic rats.

Interpretation of clinical guidelines for comprehensive interventional diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot (fifth edition) / 医学研究生学报

According to the latest research progress at home and abroad, and the domestic situation, China Diabetic Cellular and Interventional Therapy Technology Alliance forDiabetic Foot developed and issued the fifth edition of clinical guidelines for comprehensive interventional diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot, which covers domestic evidence,references foreign evidence, and reflects the progress in China. The interpretation focuses on the updated key points.

Interpretation of clinical guidelines for comprehensive interventional diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot (fifth edition) / 医学研究生学报

According to the latest research progress at home and abroad, and the domestic situation, China Diabetic Cellular and Interventional Therapy Technology Alliance forDiabetic Foot developed and issued the fifth edition of clinical guidelines for comprehensive interventional diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot, which covers domestic evidence,references foreign evidence, and reflects the progress in China. The interpretation focuses on the updated key points.

Detection of carotid intima and media thicknesses based on ultrasound B-mode images clustered with Gaussian mixture model / 生物医学工程学杂志

In clinic, intima and media thickness are the main indicators for evaluating the development of atherosclerosis. At present, these indicators are measured by professional doctors manually marking the boundaries of the inner and media on B-mode images, which is complicated, time-consuming and affected by many artificial factors. A grayscale threshold method based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering is therefore proposed to detect the intima and media thickness in carotid arteries from B-mode images in this paper. Firstly, the B-mode images are clustered based on the GMM, and the boundary between the intima and media of the vessel wall is then detected by the gray threshold method, and finally the thickness of the two is measured. Compared with the measurement technique using the gray threshold method directly, the clustering of B-mode images of carotid artery solves the problem of gray boundary blurring of inner and middle membrane, thereby improving the stability and detection accuracy of the gray threshold method. In the clinical trials of 120 healthy carotid arteries, means of 4 manual measurements obtained by two experts are used as reference values. Experimental results show that the normalized root mean square errors (NRMSEs) of the estimated intima and media thickness after GMM clustering were 0.104 7 ± 0.076 2 and 0.097 4 ± 0.068 3, respectively. Compared with the results of the direct gray threshold estimation, means of NRMSEs are reduced by 19.6% and 22.4%, respectively, which indicates that the proposed method has higher measurement accuracy. The standard deviations are reduced by 17.0% and 21.7%, respectively, which indicates that the proposed method has better stability. In summary, this method is helpful for early diagnosis and monitoring of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.

Identification of impurity profile in tinidazole glucose injection by UPLC-MS / 药学学报

Five components in the impurity profile of tinidazole glucose injection were detected and identified by UPLC-Q Exactive quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry, in combination with retention time references, organic reaction mechanisms and UV spectral analysis. They are 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (impurity 1), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (impurity 2), 1-(2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-Imidazole (impurity 5), 1-(2-(ethylthio)ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (impurity 6) and 1,4-di-N-oxo-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (impurity 8) respectively, of which impurities 6 and 8 are identified for the first time. These results and detection methods are useful for monitoring the manufacturing process and quality control of tinidazole and glucose injection solution.

Study on Preparation ，Quality Standard and Fingerprint of Ganshen Granules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To prepare Ganshen granules， formulate its quality standards primarily and establish its HPLC fingerprint. METHODS： Using feeding speed， roller speed， roller pressure and roller clearance as factor， grain forming rate as index， single factor test and orthogonal test were used to optimize the granulation technology of Ganshen granules. According to 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （part Ⅳ） （shorted for pharmacopeia）， moisture， granulation and dissolution were determined. TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Lycium barbarum， Astragalus membranaceus， Codonopsis pilosula in the Ganshen granules. HPLC method was used to determine the contents of betaine， calycosin-7-glucoside and lobetyolin in Ganshen granules. Fingerprints of 10 batches of Ganshen granules were drawn. RESULTS： The optimal dry granulation technology of Ganshen granules included that 25 r/min feeding speed， 8 r/min roller speed， 7 MPa roller pressure and 1.1 mm roller clearance， The grain forming rate is 85.83％. The moisture， granulation and solubility of Ganshen granule were all in line with pharmacopeia standard. TLC of L. barbarum， A. membranaceus and C. pilosula showed the same color spots on the corresponding positions of the reference chromatogram. The linear range of sample mass of betaine is 4.32-8.64 μg， and the linear range of mass concentration of calycosin-7-glucoside and lobetyolin were 5-30 and 10-60 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， reproducibility and stability tests （24 h） were all lower than 2.0％ （n＝5）. Average recoveries were 97.02％， 99.25％ and 101.04％ （all RSD＜1.7％， n＝6 or n＝9）. The contents of them were 4.298、0.054、0.025 mg/g， respectively. The similarity of HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Ganshen granules to control fingerprint was higher than 0.95. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal granulation technology of Ganshen granule is stable and feasible， and established quality standard and HPLC fingerprint can provide reference for quality control of Ganshen granule.

Repairing effect of wheat-grain moxibustion on thin-type endometrium in rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the repairing effects of estrogen and wheat-grain moxibustion on thin-type endometrium in rats and to explore its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#Forty healthy SPF-grade adult female SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an estrogen group and a moxibustion group according to random number table method, 10 rats in each group. The model of thin-type endometrium was established during estrous period in all the groups except for the normal group. No intervention was given in the normal group. The intragastric administration of 2 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution was applied the next day after modeling in the model group. The intragastric administration of 2 mL of estradiol was given the next day after modeling in the estrogen group. The wheat-grain moxibustion was given at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) the next day after modeling in the moxibustion group, 7 moxa cones for each acupoint. The treatment in 3 groups was given once a day. After three estrous cycles, the samples were collected during estrous period; the thickness and morphology of endometrium were observed by HE staining; the expressions of vimentin, keratin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrium tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry; the expressions of HOXA10 and LIF in endometrium tissue were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The endometrial thickness in the model group was significantly thinner than that in the normal group (0.05). The expressions of keratin, vimentin and VEGF in endometrium in the model group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (0.05). The expressions of HOXA10 and LIF in endometrium in the model group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (<0.01); compared with the model group, the expressions of HOXA10 and LIF in endometrium in the estrogen group and moxibustion group were significantly increased (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The wheat-grain moxibustion could up-regulate the expressions of keratin, vimentin and VEGF in endometrium to improve the endometrial thickness; in addition, it could increase the levels of factors related to endometrial receptivity including HOXA10, LIF, which improves endometrial receptivity and play a repair role.