Prevention and Treatment of NAFLD with Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers by Regulating AMPK Pathway： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a chronic liver disease with complex and diverse pathogenesis， and there is no effective treatment or specific drugs for its clinical treatment. In recent years， its incidence has been on the rise， and it has become the earnest expectation of medical researchers in China and abroad that related patients could be treated. AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） functions to regulate cellular energy homeostasis and mitochondrial homeostasis. When activated， it has a good intervention effect on NAFLD progression with lipid metabolism disorders and mitochondrial homeostasis disorders. For NAFLD， the activation of AMPK can inhibit the production of new lipogenesis in the liver， promote the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver， and enhance the mitochondrial function of adipose tissues. As a key target of metabolic diseases， AMPK can also improve apoptosis， liver fibrosis， autophagy， and inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is good at treating diseases from multiple targets and multiple pathways and is also commonly used in the treatment of chronic liver disease in clinical practice. A large number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on NAFLD have shown that TCM monomers have good prospects for the treatment of NAFLD through the AMPK signaling pathway， including glycosides， phenols， alkaloids， flavonoids， quinones， terpenoids， and lignans， which are natural activators of AMPK. This study reviewed the research progress on TCM monomers in regulating the AMPK pathway to prevent and treat NAFLD， providing a broader perspective for TCM treatment of NAFLD.

Expert consensus on preimplantation genetic testing for spinal muscular atrophy / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron degenerative disease, which is the most common fatal neuromuscular disease in pediatrics with a high carrier frequency and can lead to progressive symmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy of the trunk and limbs. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) can be used to prevent the birth of children with SMA effectively. To standardize PGT technologies for SMA, experts from the fields of neurology, pediatrics and reproductive genetics have discussed and drafted this consensus for guiding its clinical application.

Intracardiac echocardiography versus transesophageal echocardiography for left atrial appendage occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To systematically evaluate the safety, efficacy, and economics of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) versus transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). Methods     PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Database were systematically  searched to collect relevant studies on comparing ICE and TEE-guided LAAO from inception to June 15th, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and R 4.0.3. Retrospective cohort studies were excluded for sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the types of occluder and ICE catheter. Results     A total of 14 studies with 6 599 patients were included. Meta-analyses showed no statistical differences in technical success rate, overall complications, device embolization, peri-device leakage, device-related thrombus, stroke, vascular complications, bleeding, operation time, fluoroscopy time, or contrast agent volume between the ICE and TEE-guided LAAO. The total in-room time (MD=–33.47 min, 95%CI –41.20 to –25.73, P<0.000 01) and radiation dosage (MD=–170.20 mGy, 95%CI –309.79 to –30.62, P=0.02) were lower in the ICE group than those in the TEE group, whereas the incidence of pericardial effusion/tamponade was higher than the TEE group (RR=1.57, 95%CI 1.01 to 2.45, P=0.048). Except for pericardial effusion/tamponade, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis showed similar results. The analysis based on the cost data from the United States showed comparable or even lower total costs for ICE versus TEE, but comparative domestic cost studies were lacking. Conclusion     Current evidence suggests that ICE-guided LAAO can reduce radiation dosage and total in-room time, and there is no statistical difference in the overall complication rate between the two groups. Owing to the limitations of sample size and quality of the included studies, the conclusion still needs to be verified by large sample size and high-quality randomized controlled trials.

The Association of Skin and Nasal Colonisations of Staphylococcus aureus in Children with Atopic Dermatitis with Disease Severity and Its Impact on Quality of Life

Background@#Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent, pruritic inflammatory skin disease that causes significant burden to affected children. Staphylococcus aureus plays a vital role in AD, and its resistance to current topical antibiotics is worrying. This study aims to determine the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and its resistance pattern. It further assesses the association between Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and disease severity; as well as its impact on quality of life.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was conducted among 153 children with AD. Skin and nasal swabs were collected. Antibiotic sensitivity to penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, methicillin, clindamycin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, rifampicin, fusidic acid and linezolid were tested. Clinical evaluation was performed using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index (SCORAD). Quality of life was assessed with the Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI).@*Results@#Twenty-nine patients had positive skin swab results. One patient had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swab. Skin colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus (p=0.03) and DLQI (p<0.01) were significantly associated with disease severity. The resistant rate is highest in penicillin, followed by fusidic acid, tetracycline, and erythromycin.@*Conclusion@#Skin colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus is an indicator of disease severity in children with AD. Patients with severe disease have lower quality of life. Clinicians need to be aware of high resistance rates towards penicillin and fusidic acid and be prudent in the choice of antibiotics. Antiseptic wash can be considered in patients with Staphylococcus aureus colonisation.

Study on the mechanism of miR-6751-3p affecting the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of microRNA (miRNA)-6751-3p expression on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of miR-6751-3p in gastric cancer cell lines (MGC803, BGC823, SGC7901, HS-746T) and normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1). The gastric cancer cell lines with the lowest expression level of miR-6751-3p were divided into control group and experimental group, and were transfected with miR-NC and miR-6751-3p mimics respectively. qRT-PCR detected the expression level of miR-6751-3p in the two groups of cells. CCK-8 method and scratch healing test were used to detect the proliferation and migration of miR-6751-3p overexpressing cells. The potential target genes of miR-6751-3p were predicted through Deepbase v2.0 and microRNA.org online websites, and the dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of target genes in miR-6751-3p overexpression cells.Results:Compared with normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells, the expression of miR-6751-3p was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines ( P<0.05), and the cell line with the lowest expression level was MGC803 cells ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, overexpression of miR-6751-3p can inhibit the proliferation ability ( P<0.05). The scratch healing rate of MGC803 cells in the control group and the experimental group were (65.14±5.65)% and (23.40±6.78)%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the scratch healing rate of MGC803 cells in the experimental group was significantly lower ( t=4.73, P<0.01). The online website predicts that the target gene of miR-6751-3p may be fatty acid binding protein 5 ( FABP5), and miR-6751-3p can complementally bind FABP5 messenger RNA (mRNA) ( t=4.01, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, overexpression of miR-6751-3p can inhibit the expression of FABP5 gene in MGC803 cells ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The expression of miR-6751-3p in gastric cancer cell lines is low, and the overexpression of miR-6751-3p can inhibit the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer MGC803 cells by down-regulating the FABP5 gene.

Analysis of the effect of arthroscopic high-strength non-absorbable sutures on fresh avulsion fractures of the tibial ACL / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy of small incision open reduction and internal fixation and arthroscopic high strength non-absorbable suture in the treatment of tibial avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Methods:The clinical data of 72 patients with ACL tibial avulsion fracture treated in Shantou Central Hospital from April 2018 to April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomly divided into control group ( n=36) and experimental group ( n=36). The control group was treated with small incision open reduction and internal fixation and the experimental group was treated with high intensity non-absorbable suture under arthroscopy. The general data, surgical indexes and postoperative adverse reactions of the two groups were compared, and the knee joint function indexes of the two groups before and after treatment were compared and evaluated by random walking model. The counting data were expressed by percentage, the comparison between groups was expressed by chi-square test, the measurement data was expressed by mean ±standard deviation, the independent t-test was used for inter-group comparison, and the paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison. Results:There was no significant difference in general information, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative Lysholm score, IKDC score, Tegner score, knee mobility, and bilateral tibial displacement distance between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). In the experimental group, the operation time, hospitalization time, the first postoperative time to move to the ground, bone healing time, and the total incidence of adverse reactions were (68.41±7.65) min, (11.93±3.24) d, (6.37±1.85) d, (23.65± 2.28) weeks, 2.78% (1/36), the control group were (55.37±8.62) min, (13.45±2.96) d, (8.16±2.08) d, (25.79±2.46) weeks, 22.22% (8/36), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The Lysholm score, IKDC score, Tegner score, range of motion of the knee joint, and the difference of bilateral tibial displacement distance after treatment in the experimental group were (85.27±5.28) points, (85.43±1.74) points, and (6.65±1.41) points, respectively. (108.45±5.79)°, (1.12±0.65) mm, the control group was (79.73±4.69) points, (80.37±1.59) points, (5.72±1.31) points, (97.58±5.42)°, (2.24±0.72) mm, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Random walking model evaluation the improvement of knee joint function in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group. Conclusion:Arthroscopic treatment of ACL tibial avulsion fracture with high-intensity non-absorbable suture can significantly improve the knee joint function of patients with rapid recovery and high safety, so it has a broad prospect of clinical application.

Formins: the key regulators of plant cell morphology and development / 生物工程学报

Formins are widely distributed in eukaryotes such as fungi, plants and animals. They play crucial roles in regulating the polymerization of actin, coordinating the synergistic interactions between actin and microtubules, and determining cell growth and morphology. Unlike formins from fungi and animals, plant formins have been evolved into two plant-specific types. Generally, type Ⅱ formins are believed to regulate the polarized growth of cells, and type Ⅰ formins may regulate the cell expansion and division processes. Recent studies on the function of plant formins suggest it is inappropriate to classify the function of formins purely based on their structures. This review summarizes the domain organization of formins and their corresponding functions, as well as the underpinning mechanisms. Furthermore, the unsolved or unexplored issues along with future perspectives on plant formins are proposed and discussed.

Prokineticin 2 mediates peripheral and central sensitization of somatic pain / 药学实践杂志

Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a newly discovered chemokine, which participates in various physiological functions of the body by binding to receptors PKR1 and PKR2. PK signaling pathway is a newly discovered important regulatory pathway for the occurrence and maintenance of pain after tissue injury and nerve injury in recent years. It plays a key role in regulating injury-related nociceptive events and is a potential therapeutic target for many diseases. The activation of PKRs can induce pain sensation and participate in the sensitivity of pain receptors to different stimuli. The PK system (PKs and PKRs) is an important link involved in inflammation and pain transmission in immune cells. PK2 is involved in the regulation of pain perception by activating PKR1 and PKR2 on primary sensory neurons. In rat primary sensory neurons, PK2 also enhances gated ion channel current through the PKC signaling pathway, inhibits GABA-activated currents, and sensitizes purine nucleotide P2 receptor (P2X). This paper reviews the research progress of PK2 in physical pain. We hope to find new drugs for the treatment of inflammatory pain that target the PKs signaling pathway in future studies.

Immunogenicity and safety of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 inactivated vaccine in healthy adults: randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The significant morbidity and mortality resulted from the infection of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) call for urgent development of effective and safe vaccines. We report the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, KCONVAC, in healthy adults.@*METHODS@#Phase 1 and phase 2 randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials of KCONVAC were conducted in healthy Chinese adults aged 18 to 59 years. The participants in the phase 1 trial were randomized to receive two doses, one each on Days 0 and 14, of either KCONVAC (5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo. The participants in the phase 2 trial were randomized to receive either KCONVAC (at 5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo on Days 0 and 14 (0/14 regimen) or Days 0 and 28 (0/28 regimen). In the phase 1 trial, the primary safety endpoint was the proportion of participants experiencing adverse reactions/events within 28 days following the administration of each dose. In the phase 2 trial, the primary immunogenicity endpoints were neutralization antibody seroconversion and titer and anti-receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G seroconversion at 28 days after the second dose.@*RESULTS@#In the phase 1 trial, 60 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 24), 10-μg vaccine (n = 24), or placebo (n = 12). In the phase 2 trial, 500 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 100 for 0/14 or 0/28 regimens), 10-μg vaccine (n = 100 for each regimen), or placebo (n = 50 for each regimen). In the phase 1 trial, 13 (54%), 11 (46%), and seven (7/12) participants reported at least one adverse event (AE) after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. In the phase 2 trial, 16 (16%), 19 (19%), and nine (18%) 0/14-regimen participants reported at least one AE after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. Similar AE incidences were observed in the three 0/28-regimen treatment groups. No AEs with an intensity of grade 3+ were reported, expect for one vaccine-unrelated serious AE (foot fracture) reported in the phase 1 trial. KCONVAC induced significant antibody responses; 0/28 regimen showed a higher immune responses than that did 0/14 regimen after receiving two vaccine doses.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both doses of KCONVAC are well tolerated and able to induce robust immune responses in healthy adults. These results support testing 5-μg vaccine in the 0/28 regimen in an upcoming phase 3 efficacy trial.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx (No. ChiCTR2000038804, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62350; No. ChiCTR2000039462, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=63353).

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity analysis of Yinlian Tongfeng granules based on network Pharmacology / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism of Yinlian Tongfeng granules by network pharmacology. Methods Three main active components of Yinlian Tongfeng granules were collected from TCMSP database to predict its effective targets. Based on the network information of active components and targets, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic related targets were established by using protein-protein interaction information. The enrichment analysis of KEGG biological pathway and go function enrichment were carried out to construct the active component-target-signal pathway network and explain the main mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Results 37 targets were closely related to anti-inflammation and analgesic effects of Yinlian Tongfeng granules, mainly on Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factors (TNF). The mechanism of action may relate to the regulation of nuclear transcription factor B signaling pathway(NF-κB). Conclusion The study predicted the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism of Yinlian Tongfeng granules, and provided theoretical basis for further verification and interpretation of its mechanism.

Long-term trend of viral hepatitis mortality and potential years of life lost in Jing’an District of Shanghai， 1976-2015 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the long-term trend of viral hepatitis mortality in Jing’an District of Shanghai， and to provide a reference for viral hepatitis prevention and control. Methods:Mortality rate， standard mortality rate， PYLL and potential years of life lost rate （PYLL‰） of viral hepatitis in Jing’an district of Shanghai from 1976 to 2015 were calculated. The annual percent change （APC） of the mortality and PYLL‰ were analyzed by Joinpoint regression analysis. Results:From 1976 to 2015， there were 1 342 viral hepatitis death cases， including 832 males and 510 females. The average crude mortality rate was 8.31/100 000， and the average age-standardized mortality rate was 5.45/100 000. Among the deaths of viral hepatitis， men had a higher mortality rate， age-standardized mortality rate and PYLL% than women （χ2Pearson=107.34， 112.93， 39.15， all P<0.01）， men were mainly in the age group of 35-64 years （accounted for 62.62%）， while women were mainly in the age group of 65 years and above （accounted for 55.49 %）， and the average death age of men was earlier than that of women （by rank-sum test： Z=-8.879，P<0.01）. After 1990 （except in 2002）， hepatitis B was the main cause of deaths from viral hepatitis， accounting for 75.00%-100%， and the proportion of other and unclassified cases gradually decreased. Overall， the mortality rate of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1976-2015 （APC=-2.0%，P<0.05）， with the turning point in 2002. The mortality rate of viral hepatitis declined significantly from 2002 to 2015 （APC=-8.1%，P<0.05）. The overall PYLL‰ of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1976-2015 （APC=-3.7%，P<0.05）， with the turning point in 1992. After 1992， the PYLL‰ of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1992-2015 （APC=-6.5%，P<0.05）. Conclusion:There has been a significant decline trend of viral hepatitis in the mortality rate in Jing’an District of Shanghai from 2002 to 2015， with hepatitis B as the main cause of death.

Effect of electroacupuncture on levels of serum sex hormones and expression of ovarian auto-phagy related factors in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of autophagy mediated PI3K/AKT pathway and sex hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats, so as to explore the mechanisms underlying improvement of PCOS anovulatory infertility. METHODS: Six-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model and EA groups (n=10 per group). The PCOS model was established by gavage of Letrozole solution (1.0 mg/kg), once daily for 21 consecutive days. Then, EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to the "Sanyinjiao"(SP6) and "Taichong"(LR3) for 20 min, once a day for 14 successive days. The morphological changes of the ovary were observed after H.E. staining. The contents of serum androgen (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the ovary tissues were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the levels of serum T, LH and AMH contents, and ovarian LC3 Ⅱ expression and the ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰwere significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of PI3K and AKT proteins were considerably decreased in the model group (P<0.05). After EA intervention, the levels of serum T, LH, AMH, and the ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰwere considerably down-regulated (P<0.05), and those of PI3K and AKT were obviously up-regulated in the EA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EA intervention can reduce serum T, LH and AMH contents, and the ratio of ovarian LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ and up-regulate ovarian PI3K and AKT in PCOS rats, which may contribute to its effect in improving anovulatory infertility by suppressing autophagy.

Research advances in the mechanism of acupuncture in regulating tumor immunosuppression / 针刺研究

As a characteristic therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture has shown potential advantages in anti-tumor therapy, and one of the therapeutic effects of acupuncture is to improve the immunosuppressive conditions in patients with tumor. Based on the immunoregulatory effect of acupuncture, this article summarized the mechanism of acupuncture in regulating tumor immune status from the following aspects: stimulating the activation of natural killer cells, increasing the number of CD8+ T cells, and adjusting the balance between T helper 1 cells and T helper 2 cells and between regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells. With reference to existing evidence, we believe that acupuncture can regulate the body's immunosuppressive conditions through a variety of targets, but further clinical and basic studies are needed to clarify its regulatory effect on tumor immune microenvironment and related mechanism of action.

Evaluation of medium to long term efficacy of balloon dilation in the treatment of aural fullness as chief complaint / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To discuss the characteristics of symptoms improvement based on the follow-up evaluation of Eustachian tube balloon dilation medium to long-term efficacy in patients with symptomatic Eustachian tube dysfunction (SETD). Patients from 2015 to 2017 were followed up after Eustachian tube balloon dilation (with the sense of aural fullness, or tinnitus and hearing ambiguity). All participants had been done ETDQ-7 before surgery and were re-evaluated with ETDQ-7 in follow-up. The improvement of overall and individual symptoms scores in ETDQ-7, the effects of gender and the difference of scores at different stages (12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-30 months) after the operation were analyzed. There were 29 patients, including 16 males and 13 females, whose age ranged from 20 to 62 years old. The medium to long-term score of ETDQ-7 significantly declined after surgery (27.0±7.9 . 14.1±7.5, 0.05). Among all symptoms, symptoms like "blockage feeling in ear or being like under the water, constriction feeling" , "sound of blisters or explosions in the ear" decreased obviously (0.05). Comparing different stages after surgery, the scores of ETDQ-7 existed no difference (0.05). And the difference of gender showed no significant influence on surgery effects. The subjective symptoms of patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction diagnosed with SETD can be significantly improved in the medium to long-term follow-up after Eustachian tube balloon dilation, and the degree of improvement is not linearly related to the postoperative time.

Comparison of clinical effect of two different Kirschner wire fixations after closed reduction on supracondylar fracture of humerus in children with GartlandⅡand Ⅲ / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare clinical effect of Kirschner wire radial sector fixation and bilateral ulnar radial cross fixation in treating supracondylar fracture of humerus in children after closed reduction.@*METHODS@#From March 2017 to December 2018, 60 children with supracondylar fracture of humerus treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation were analyzed retrospectively, and divided into two groups according to different needling methods. Thirty patients in radial three needles fan fixation group (group A), including 19 males and 11 females, aged from 2 to 10 years old with an average of (5.00±2.10) years old, 21 patients were typeⅡ and 9 patients were typeⅢ according to Gartland classification. Thirty patients in cross fixationwith 3 needles on both ulnar and radial side group(group B), including 22 males and 8 females, aged from 1 to 9 years old with an average of(5.13±2.08) years old, 19 patients were typeⅡand 11 patients were typeⅢ. Healing time of fracture, postoperative complications, elbow flexion and extension activity, forearm rotation activity recovery, elbow carrying angle and angle loss after operation between two groups were observed and compared. Mayo Elbow function score at the final following up was used to evaluate clinical efficacy.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up, while there were no significant difference in follow-up time and fracture healing time between two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Closed reduction and Kirschner wire at the early stage of fracture has advantages of less trauma, easy reduction, stable fixation, and early functional exercise. The risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury caused by fan-shaped fixation of three radial needles is less than that of cross fixation of three radial needles.

Study on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of active fractions of Tongfeng granule on arthritis rats / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the active fractions of Tongfeng granules on rats with arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. Methods 56 SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, blank group, model group, total flavonoids group, total organic acid group, total alkaloid group, Tongfeng granule group and positive control group. Except for the blank group, the remaining 6 groups established joints pathological model of inflammation. 15 days after the successful modeling, intragastric drug administration was continued for 30 days. The swelling of ankle joint, WBC, N%, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and the histopathology of joint were measured. Results Comparing with the model group, each effective fraction group of Tongfeng granules, Gout granules and positive control group decreased the ankle joint swelling rate significantly (P<0.01) and reduced fibrous tissue proliferation. There was no significant difference in WBC and N% of neutrophils. They significantly reduce the level of serum IL-6 and TNF-α, and increase the level of IL-10 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion This study clarifies the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of active fractions of Tongfeng granules and provides a basis for further clinical medication and preparation development.

Emergency management for kidney transplantation in the epidemic period of coronavirus disease 2019 / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To summarize the emergency management of the kidney transplantation for a large tertiary first-class hospital in response to the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of inpatients in the Department of Kidney Transplantation from January 24, 2020 to February 29, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, we conducted telephone, Wechat follow-up, and online education for kidney transplant recipients and patients on waiting-list for kidney transplantation one by one. We also strictly screened for COVID-19 in outpatients. To guarantee the security of medical staff and recipients and to reduce the transmission risk of COVID-19, we have made detailed approaches to prevent COVID-19, which mainly included 6 aspects of preventive approaches, such as kidney transplant clinic, kidney transplant ward, patients on waiting-list for kidney transplantation, kidney transplant operation, medical staff self-protection, and postoperative follow-up of kidney transplant recipients.@*RESULTS@#There were altogether 47 inpatients which included 20 recipients who had just received kidney transplantation in the meantime, 2 577 kidney transplant recipients, 1 689 patients on waiting-list for kidney transplantation, and 794 outpatients in our hospital. No case of COVID-19 occurred in this period.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Through strictly implementing proactive and preventive approaches, we avoid the occurrence of COVID-19 in carrying out kidney transplantation in the epidemic period.

Challenges and enlightenments of SPARC program on acupuncture and moxibustion researches in China / 中国针灸

The advantages of western medical research were analyzed and the differences between skin nerve stimulation in western medicine and acupuncturemoxibustion in TCM were compared, so as to inspire the scientific researches of acupuncture and moxibustion in China. The related literature was searched and the research basis, content and achievements of the American stimulating peripheral activity to relief condition (SPARC) program were systematically summarized. From the perspectives of theoretical system, stimulation site, stimulation method and mechanism of action, the similarities and differences between skin nerve stimulation in western medicine and acupuncturemoxibustion in TCM were compared. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the systematic construction of SPARC "high-resolution neural circuit map" is essentially the upgraded version of the traditional distribution map of meridians and acupoints in China, which is similar to the research on origin of nervous system and stimulation site of acupuncturemoxibustion of TCM. Under the impact of "localization of traditional Chinese medicine" in other countries, learning from the international advanced research technology, gathering top-level talents, and encouraging openness and innovation will be the necessary pathway to improve the quality of acupuncturemoxibustion research and master the power of knowledge initiative.

Association of Overlapped and Un-overlapped Comorbidities with COVID-19 Severity and Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Nine Provinces in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear.@*Methods@#A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( @*Results@#Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks.@*Conclusion@#Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Thoughts and Advices on Performing Procedures in Surgery During the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID- 19）in 2019，it has had a serious impact on the normal work and life of the people because of its strong infectivity，high susceptibility，long incubation period and diversified clinical manifestations. In this epidemic situation，clinicians should master the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia ，comply with the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of novel coronavirus pneumonia，carry out the diagnosis and treatment classification of surgical diseases well，reasonably select surgical methods；while optimizing the process of diagnosis，treatment and nursing，the protective measures should be taken according to different risk grades.