Meta-analysis of the role of fibular fixation in tibiofibular fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the role and importance of fibular fixation in tibiofibular fractures by Meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#The literature related to the comparison of the efficacy of fixation of the fibula with or without fixation on the treatment of tibiofibular fractures was searched through the databases of China Knowledge Network, Wipu, Wanfang, The Cochrane Library, Web of science and Pubmed, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The rates of malrotation, rotational deformity, internal/external deformity, anterior/posterior deformity, non-union, infection, secondary surgery and operative time were compared between the fibula fixation and non-fixation groups.@*RESULTS@#A total of 11 publications were included, six randomised controlled trials and five case-control trials, eight of which were of high quality. A total of 813 cases were included, of which 383 were treated with fibula fixation and 430 with unfixed fibulae.Meta-analysis results showed that fixation of the fibulae in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures reduced the rates of postoperative rotational deformity[RR=0.22, 95%CI(0.10, 0.45), P<0.000 1] and internal/external deformity[RR=0.34, 95%CI(0.14, 0.84), P=0.02] and promoted fracture healing [RR=0.76, 95%CI(0.58, 0.99), P=0.04]. In contrast, the rates of poor reduction [RR=0.48, 95% CI(0.10, 2.33), P=0.36], anterior/posterior deformity[RR=1.50, 95%CI(0.76, 2.96), P=0.24], infection[RR=1.43, 95%CI(0.76, 2.72), P=0.27], secondary surgery[RR=1.32, 95%CI(0.82, 2.11), P=0.25], and operative time[MD=10.21, 95%CI(-17.79, 38.21), P=0.47] were not statistically significant (P>0.05) for comparison.@*CONCLUSION@#Simultaneous fixation of the tibia and fibula is clinically more effective in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures.

Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Multiglycoside in Mouse Models of Psoriasis Keratinocytes / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the role of Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside (TGW) in the treatment of psoriatic dermatitis from a cellular immunological perspective.@*METHODS@#Mouse models of psoriatic dermatitis were established by imiquimod (IMQ). Twelve male BALB/c mice were assigned to IMQ or IMQ+TGW groups according to a random number table. Histopathological changes in vivo were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ratios of immune cells and cytokines in mice, as well as PAM212 cell proliferation in vitro were assessed by flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#TGW significantly ameliorated the severity of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin lesions and restrained the activation of CD45+ cells, neutrophils and T lymphocytes (all P<0.01). Moreover, TGW significantly attenuated keratinocytes (KCs) proliferation and downregulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor α, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, it reduced the number of γ δ T17 cells in skin lesion of mice and draining lymph nodes (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TGW improved psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting KCs proliferation, as well as the associated immune cells and cytokine expression. It inhibited IL-17 secretion from γ δ T cells, which improved the immune-inflammatory microenvironment of psoriasis.

Tanshinone IIA promotes reverse cholesterol transport to improve atherosclerosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of tanshinone II A (Tan II A) on reverse cholesterol transport in atherosclerosis model mice and RAW264. 7 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods Thirty-two male LDLR -/- mice were randomly divided into four groups. These mice were fed with normal diet or high fat diet for 12 weeks. The control group and model group were given normal saline. Tan II A group and atorvastatin group were given Tan II A solution and atorvastatin solution for 12 weeks. RAW264. 7 cells were induced with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) 100 mg • L-

Mechanism of myeloid differentiation factor 2 on mediating sepsis-associated encephalopathy / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of human myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) in the process of neuronal death induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by establishing an in vitro model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) by LPS.@*METHODS@#Healthy C57BL/6J mice at 14-18 days of gestation were selected, and brain cortical tissue was taken from fetal mice. Neurons were stimulated with 0 (control), 1, 5 and 10 g/L of LPS for 24 hours. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected and the death of neurons was observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β), in order to determine the optimal dose of LPS for establishing an in vitro neuroinflammation model of SAE. The cells were divided into blank control group and LPS group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) was used to discover apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the relevant protein markers activated caspase-3, necroptosis-associated protein neuronal receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and phosphorylated RIPK3 (p-RIPK3). Immunofluorescence chemical staining was used to detect the expressions of p-RIPK3 and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) to evaluate the type of cell death and the degree of neuronal death. Western blotting was used to detect MD2 expression. Immunofluorescence chemical staining was performed to observe the expression and distribution of p-RIPK3 and MD2 in neurons to assess whether MD2 was involved in the inflammatory response promoting neuronal death. In addition, the cells were divided into blank control group, LPS group, and MD2 interfering peptide group (LPS+TC group), and the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and LDH were detected to evaluate whether interfering with MD2 can alleviate LPS induced neuroinflammation.@*RESULTS@#10 g/L LPS induced notable neuronal death, and the release of LDH in neurons stimulated with this concentration for 24 hours was significantly higher than that in the blank control group (relative release: 1.45±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.01), indicating apoptosis and necroptosis occurred in neurons, and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β were remarkable increased [IL-6 (relative level): 1.94±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.00, IL-1β (relative level): 1.53±0.09 vs. 1.00±0.00, both P < 0.01]. Compared with the blank control group, the apoptosis of cells, cleaved-caspase-3 expression, the p-RIPK3/RIPK3 ratio, and p-RIPK3 expression around neurons in the LPS group were significantly increased [cleaved-caspase-3/GAPDH: 1.55±0.10 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.01; p-RIPK3/RIPK3 ratio (relative value): 1.54±0.06 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.05], which suggested that typical apoptosis and necroptosis apoptosis occurred in neurons in the septic environment. Furthermore, MD2 expression was significantly increased in the LPS group compared with the blank control group (MD2/GAPDH: 1.91±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.01), and MD2 expression around neurons was increased, indicating that LPS-induced MD2 upregulation may play a key role in neuroinflammation and induction of neuronal death in sepsis. In addition, compared with the LPS group, the MD2-interfering peptide could reduce the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β [IL-6 (relative level): 1.16±0.08 vs. 1.94±0.04, IL-1β (relative level): 1.15±0.05 vs. 1.75±0.09, both P < 0.01] and decrease LDH release (relative release: 1.09±0.01 vs. 1.44±0.04, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#LPS induced neuronal inflammatory responses via MD2, which ultimately leads to apoptosis and necroptosis. Interfering with MD2 reduces inflammation and inhibits neuronal death.

Blockade of the Dopamine D3 Receptor Attenuates Opioids-Induced Addictive Behaviours Associated with Inhibiting the Mesolimbic Dopamine System / 神经科学通报·英文版

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a considerable global public health challenge; however, potential medications for the management of OUD that are effective, safe, and nonaddictive are not available. Accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that antagonists of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have effects on addiction in different animal models. We have previously reported that YQA14, a D3R antagonist, exhibits very high affinity and selectivity for D3Rs over D2Rs, and is able to inhibit cocaine- or methamphetamine-induced reinforcement and reinstatement in self-administration tests. In the present study, our results illustrated that YQA14 dose-dependently reduced infusions under the fixed-ratio 2 procedure and lowered the breakpoint under the progressive-ratio procedure in heroin self-administered rats, also attenuated heroin-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. On the other hand, YQA14 not only reduced morphine-induced expression of conditioned place preference but also facilitated the extinguishing process in mice. Moreover, we elucidated that YQA14 attenuated opioid-induced reward or reinforcement mainly by inhibiting morphine-induced up-regulation of dopaminergic neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area and decreasing dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with a fiber photometry recording system. These findings suggest that D3R might play a very important role in opioid addiction, and YQA14 may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in attenuating opioid-induced addictive behaviors dependent on the dopamine system.

Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) promotes cardiac fibrosis via ERK1/2 signaling pathway / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Cardiac fibrosis is a cause of morbidity and mortality in people with heart disease. Anti-fibrosis treatment is a significant therapy for heart disease, but there is still no thorough understanding of fibrotic mechanisms. This study was carried out to ascertain the functions of cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) in cardiac fibrosis and clarify its regulatory mechanisms. We found that CRLF1 was expressed predominantly in cardiac fibroblasts. Its expression was up-regulated not only in a mouse heart fibrotic model induced by myocardial infarction, but also in mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts provoked by transforming growth factor-‍β1 (TGF‍-‍β1). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments of CRLF1 were carried out in neonatal mice cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs) with or without TGF-‍β1 stimulation. CRLF1 overexpression increased cell viability, collagen production, cell proliferation capacity, and myofibroblast transformation of NMCFs with or without TGF‍-‍β1 stimulation, while silencing of CRLF1 had the opposite effects. An inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and different inhibitors of TGF-‍β1 signaling cascades, comprising mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD)‍-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways, were applied to investigate the mechanisms involved. CRLF1 exerted its functions by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the SMAD-dependent pathway, not the SMAD-independent pathway, was responsible for CRLF1 up-regulation in NMCFs treated with TGF-‍β1. In summary, activation of the TGF-‍β1/SMAD signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis increased CRLF1 expression. CRLF1 then aggravated cardiac fibrosis by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. CRLF1 could become a novel potential target for intervention and remedy of cardiac fibrosis.

Curative Effect of Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine System in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation Complicated with Nerve Root Canal Stenosis / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic spine system （TESSYS） in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation （LDH） complicated with nerve root canal stenosis. MethodsA retrospective study was done on 40 LDH patients complicated with nerve root canal stenosis who underwent TESSYS in our hospital from April 2019 to April 2021. The clinical efficacy of the patients was evaluated by the modified Mac Nab criteria 12 months after the surgery. We also measured and analyzed the scores of visual analogue scale （VAS）， Oswestry disability index （ODI） and Japanese orthopaedic association （JOA）， the changes of structural parameters of lumbar spine and inflammatory factor levels preoperatively， 6 and 12 months after the surgery. ResultsAll the 40 cases successfully underwent the surgery and follow-ups， with a 12-month post-operative clinical excellent and good rate of 90%. The preoperative， 6-month and 12-month post-operative VAS scores were （7.38±2.06）， （2.36±0.87） and （1.62±0.82）， respectively. The respective ODI scores were （55.54±11.19）， （26.52±7.61） and （18.14±4.36）； JOA scores （13.93±2.10）， （20.26±1.35） and （22.34±1.88）. The post-operative scores of VAS， ODI and JOA were significantly improved compared with those before the surgery （P<0.05）. The preoperative and post-operative lumbosacral angles were （37.23±6.84）° and （27.37±4.31）°， respectively， with the respective lumbar curvatures of （13.48±3.06） mm and （22.36±4.51） mm. The post-operative lumbosacral angle and lumbar curvature were significantly improved compared with those before the surgery （P<0.05）. The preoperative and post-operative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） levels were （3.43±0.61） mg/L and （5.18±0.70） mg/L， respectively， with the respective tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） levels of （1.44±0.27） mg/L and （2.07±0.44） mg/L. The post-operative levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α were significantly higher than those before the surgery （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn the treatment of LDH complicated with nerve root canal stenosis， TESSYS achieves a good clinical effect， improves the structure and function of the lumbar spine， reduces the degree of lumbar spine pain， and has a mild post-operative inflammatory reaction.

Telerehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease based on ICF: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the application of telerehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) based on the theories and methods of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsLiteratures on the application of telerehabilitation in patients with CHD from databases of PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang data were retrieved from establishment to May 5th, 2022. Scoping review methods were used to analyze the intervention measures, evaluation methods and indicators, rehabilitation outcomes, and influencing factors on patients with CHD based on ICF. ResultsA total of 4 172 literatures were retrieved, and 15 of them from five countries were enrolled. They were almost published in journals on medical and public health, from 2015 to 2022. The main elements of telerehabilitation included nine items: the establishment of telerehabilitation group, the establishment of personal health profiles, physical activity, exercise monitoring, provision of relevant knowledge, communication and guidance from professionals, provision of psychological support, self-report and supervision and reminder of medical staff. According to the ICF framework, telerehabilitation promoted the function of patients with CHD mainly in body function (including b1 mental functions, b4 function of the cardiovascular, hematological, immunological and respiratory systems, b5 functions of the digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems, and b7 neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions) and activity and participation (including d2 general tasks and demands, d4 mobility, d7 interpersonal interactions and relationships, d8 major life areas, and d9 community, social and civic life). The factors affecting the activity and participation of patients with CHD contained environmental factors and personal factors, mainly including e1 products and technology, e3 support and relationships, e4 attitudes, and e5 service, systems and policies. ConclusionThis paper summarized nine items of telerehabilitation for patients with CHD, and analyzed the effects and related influencing factors of telerehabilitation on patients with CHD based on ICF.

Titin: structure, isoforms and functional regulation / 生理学报

Titin, the largest known protein in the body expressed in three isoforms (N2A, N2BA and N2B), is essential for muscle structure, force generation, conduction and regulation. Since the 1950s, muscle contraction mechanisms have been explained by the sliding filament theory involving thin and thick muscle filaments, while the contribution of cytoskeleton in force generation and conduction was ignored. With the discovery of insoluble protein residues and large molecular weight proteins in muscle fibers, the third myofilament, titin, has been identified and attracted a lot of interests. The development of single molecule mechanics and gene sequencing technology further contributed to the extensive studies on the arrangement, structure, elastic properties and components of titin in sarcomere. Therefore, this paper reviews the structure, isforms classification, elastic function and regulatory factors of titin, to provide better understanding of titin.

Efficacy and safety profiles of dolutegravir plus lamivudine vs . bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in therapy-naïve adults with HIV-1 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Dual regimen dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) has demonstrated non-inferior efficacy compared to DTG-based three-drug regimens (3DRs), yet directly comparative data regarding the efficacy and safety of DTG + 3TC and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) for therapy-naïve people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 (PWH) are still limited. We aimed to assess the antiviral potency and safety profiles of DTG + 3TC vs. B/F/TAF based on antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve PWH in China.@*METHODS@#This retrospective multicenter study enrolled PWH initiating ART with DTG + 3TC or B/F/TAF from 2020 to 2022 in Guangdong and Guangxi. We analyzed response rates based on target not detected (TND) status using intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Subgroups were formed based on baseline viral load (VL) (<100,000 vs . ≥100,000 copies/mL) and CD4 + cell count (<200 vs . ≥200 cell/µL). Median time to TND VL was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. We also measured changes from baseline in CD4 + cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio, lipid parameters, weight, creatinine (Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and drug-related adverse effects (DRAEs).@*RESULTS@#We enrolled 280 participants, including 137 (48.9%) on DTG + 3TC and 143 (51.1%) on B/F/TAF. At week 48, 96.4% (132/137) on DTG+3TC and 100% (143/143) on B/F/TAF achieved TND ( P = 0.064). At week 12, TND responses were higher with B/F/TAF (78.3% [112/143]) than DTG+3TC (30.7% [42/137]) ( P <0.001). This trend held across subgroups. B/F/TAF achieved TND faster (12 weeks) than DTG+3TC (24 weeks) ( P <0.001). No differences were seen in CD4 + cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio, except in the high-VL subgroup, where B/F/TAF showed better recovery. DRAEs were significantly lower with B/F/TAF (4.9% [7/143]) than with DTG + 3TC (13.1% [18/137]) ( P = 0.016). Lipid parameters, body weight, and Cr increased in both groups over 48 weeks, with DTG+3TC showing a more favorable effect on triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and weight gain.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In this real-life study, B/F/TAF led to a faster viral decline and fewer DRAEs compared to DTG+3TC. No significant difference was observed in the TND rate at week 48, regardless of baseline VL and CD4 + cell count. CD4 + recovery was superior for B/F/TAF in participants with high VL. The DTG + 3TC regimen had less impact on metabolic changes than B/F/TAF.

Analysis on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Narrative Nursing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Nurses in Grade A Tertiary Hospitals / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To understand the current status of narrative nursing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among nurses in grade A tertiary hospitals, and to provide a basis for the development of narrative nursing in relevant areas. 【Methods:】 Using convenience sampling methods, 931 nurses from three grade A tertiary hospitals in Xi’an were selected as subjects. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Clinical Nurses’ Narrative Nursing Knowledge and Trustworthiness Questionnaire and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses’ narrative nursing KAP. 【Results:】 The scores on the three dimensions of narrative nursing KAP were (23.70±2.99) points, (31.69±5.92) points, and (30.26±5.32) points, respectively. Nursing workload, general self-efficacy, professional title, and nursing satisfaction were the influencing factors of nurses’ narrative nursing knowledge dimension (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in nurses’ narrative nursing attitude dimension among nursing workload, general self-efficacy, professional title, monthly income, and nursing satisfaction (P<0.05). Nursing workload, general self-efficacy, nursing satisfaction, and accompanying experience were the influencing factors of nurses’ narrative nursing behavior dimension (P<0.05). 【Conclusion:】 Nurses in grade A tertiary hospitals have moderate narrative nursing knowledge, positive attitudes, and poor practice execution. The high nursing workload is the main barrier factor for the current development of narrative nursing. Nursing managers should actively build a diversified training system and guarantee system to boost the development of narrative nursing in clinical nursing work, and further promote the development of narrative nursing concepts.

Study on the Construction of a Doctor-patient Community from the Perspective of Struggle Spirit / 中国医学伦理学

Maintaining a harmonious doctor-patient relationship is an important foundation for the development of health care, and building a doctor-patient community is a key measure to maintain the harmonious doctor-patient relationship. To accelerate the construction of a doctor-patient community, it is necessary to establish a sense of struggle, grasp the connotation of a doctor-patient community, and understand its predicament, so as to propose targeted strategies for constructing a doctor-patient community. A doctor-patient community is a cooperative community, not a compromise community. The purpose of struggle is to better unite and cooperate. A doctor-patient community established under the guidance of struggle spirit is more united, more cohesive, and more effective. In the context of the new era, building a doctor-patient community faces the challenges of doctors being busy with "treatment" and neglecting emotional communication between doctors and patients, patients looking for "curing" and generating the illusion of omnipotence in medical skills, schools focusing on "medical skill" and weakening the cultivation of students’ humanities, the society lacking "integration" and disrupting the harmonious doctor-patient environment, etc. Building a doctor-patient community should strengthen emotional communication between doctors and patients, correct patients’ cognitive biases, enhance humanistic education, and create a good medical environment, with a view to promoting the healthy development of a doctor-patient community and facilitating the construction of the healthy China strategy.

Observation on the effect of modified buffy coat centrifugal canning method on improving the quality of platelet concentrates / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the quality of platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared by traditional and modified buffy coat centrifugal canning methods, and to explore the effect of modified buffy coat centrifugal canning method on improving the quality of PCs. 【Methods】 The buffy coat centrifugal canning methods was divided into traditional group and modified group. In the traditional group, the buffy coat component bag and empty bag were directly combined layer by layer and vertically canned for light centrifugation. In the modified group, a foam spacer was added between the buffy coat component bag and the empty bag for light centrifugation layer by layer. The effects of the two groups of centrifugal canning methods on the preparation quality of PCs were observed. 【Results】 The platelet content in PCs prepared by the modified buffy coat centrifugal canning method was significantly higher than that in the traditional group, and the mixed amount of red blood cells was lower than that in the traditional group (P0.05), the qualified rates of platelet content and mixed red blood cell in the modified group were higher than those in the traditional group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The modified centrifugal canning method with buffy coat can improve the quality of PCs, which is convenient and cheap, and is worth popularizing.

Analysis of High-Risk Clinical Factors of Early Death in Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the high-risk clinical factors of early death in patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), and further identify the clinical factors related to the rapid progression of sHLH in the short term.@*METHODS@#The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and prognosis of sHLH patients were retrospectively analyzed. Continuous variables were grouped by median, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were used to explore the risk factors affecting early death of sHLH. Then, a nomogram model was established with independent risk factors, Bootstrap resampling method was used for verification, and consistency index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to detect the prediction accuracy.@*RESULTS@#A total of 126 sHLH patients were enrolled, with a median age of 48.5(16-88) years, including 74 males and 52 females. Fifty-five patients (43.6%) died within 30 days, including 39 males and 16 females. Univariate regression analysis showed that lymphocyte count <0.45×109/L, platelet count (PLT) <39.5×109/L, prothrombin time (PT)≥13.3 s, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)≥39.7 s, albumin (ALB) <25.9 g/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)≥811 U/L, creatinine (Cr) ≥67 μmol/L and procalcitonin (PCT)≥0.61 ng/ml were risk factors for death within 30 days in sHLH patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that lymphocyte count <0.45×109/L, APTT≥39.7 s and ALB <25.9 g/L were independent risk factors for death within 30 days in sHLH patients. A nomogram model was established based on the above three risk factors, its C-index was 0.683, and the calibration chart showed good agreement between the observed and predicted values of sHLH.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Lymphopenia, prolonged APTT, and hypoalbuminemia are risk factors for early death of sHLH patients. Early identification and positive intervention are expected to reduce early mortality in sHLH patients. The nomogram model based on the above risk factors provides a method for clinicians to evaluate sHLH.

The effect of bladder function on the efficacy of transurethral prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a retrospective, single-center study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

We investigated the impact and predictive value of bladder function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the efficacy of transurethral prostatectomy. Symptomatic, imaging, and urodynamic data of patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy at West China Hospital of Sichuan University (Chengdu, China) from July 2019 to December 2021 were collected. Follow-up data included the quality of life (QoL), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and IPSS storage and voiding (IPSS-s and IPSS-v). Moreover, urinary creatinine (Cr), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and prostaglandin estradiol (PGE2) were measured in 30 patients with BPH and 30 healthy participants. Perioperative indicators were determined by subgroup analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Among the 313 patients with BPH included, patients with severe micturition problems had more improvements but higher micturition grades postoperatively than those with moderate symptoms. Similarly, good bladder sensation, compliance, and detrusor contractility (DC) were predictors of low postoperative IPSS and QoL. The urinary concentrations of BDNF/Cr, NGF/Cr, and PGE2/Cr in patients were significantly higher than those in healthy participants (all P < 0.001). After evaluation, only DC was significantly related to both urinary indicators and postoperative recovery of patients. Patients with good DC, as predicted by urinary indicators, had lower IPSS and IPSS-v than those with reduced DC at the 1st month postoperatively (both P < 0.05). In summary, patients with impaired bladder function had poor recovery. The combined levels of urinary BDNF/Cr, NGF/Cr, and PGE2/Cr in patients with BPH may be valid predictors of preoperative bladder function and postoperative recovery.

Research Progress on Molecular Biology of Human Height Estimation / 法医学杂志

As an important anthropometric characteristic, human height not only contributes to the recognition of other anthropological characteristics and genetic risk factors, but also is an important part of forensic DNA phenotyping studies. Accurate estimation of height can provide more complete information about the phenotype of suspects and provide help to solve cases. In recent years, having benefited from the rapid development of molecular biological techniques and bioinformatics, height-related genetics research has made some progress. This paper describes the research progress of human height estimation from the genetic variation and the epigenetic inheritance perspectives and looks into the future research direction.

Application of micro-bolus injection and piezoelectric sensors to improve the safety of radiopharmaceuticals bolus injection / 生物医学工程学杂志

Radiopharmaceutical dynamic imaging typically necessitates intravenous injection via the bolus method. However, manual bolus injection carries the risk of handling errors as well as radiological injuries. Hence, there is potential for automated injection devices to replace manual injection methods. In this study, the effect of micro-bolus pulse injection technology was compared and verified by radioactive experiments using a programmable injection pump, and the overall bubble recognition experiment and rat tail vein simulation injection verification were performed using the piezoelectric sensor preloading method. The results showed that at the same injection peak speed, the effective flushing volume of micro-bolus pulse flushing (about 83 μL/pulse) was 49.65% lower than that of uniform injection and 25.77% lower than that of manual flushing. In order to avoid the dilution effect of long pipe on the volume of liquid, the use of piezoelectric sensor for sealing preloading detection could accurately predict the bubbles of more than 100 μL in the syringe. In the simulated injection experiment of rat tail vein, when the needle was placed in different tissues by preloading 100 μL normal saline, the piezoelectric sensor fed back a large difference in pressure attenuation rate within one second, which was 2.78% in muscle, 17.28% in subcutaneous and 54.71% in vein. Micro-bolus pulse injection method and piezoelectric sensor sealing preloading method have application potential in improving the safety of radiopharmaceutical automatic bolus injection.

Correlation between rhizosphere environment and content of medicinal components of Arnebia euchroma / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the correlation between rhizosphere soil microorganisms of wild Arnebia euchroma and the content of medicinal components to provide guidance for the selection of the ecological planting base. The total DNA of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of wild A. euchroma was extracted, and the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil microorganisms was analyzed by IlluminaMiseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The content of total hydroxynaphthoquinone pigment and β,β'-dimethylacrylalkannin in medicinal materials was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The physicochemical pro-perties of rhizosphere soil of wild A. euchroma in main producing areas were determined, and the correlation of soil microbial abundance with index component content and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the species composition of rhizosphere fungi and bacteria in A. euchroma from different habitats was similar at the phylum and genus levels, but their relative abundance, richness index(Chao1), and community diversity(Simpson) index were different. Correlation analysis showed that the content of available phosphorus in soil was positively correlated with the content of total hydroxynaphthoquinone pigment and β,β'-dimethylacrylalkannin, and the abundance of five fungal genera such as Solicoccozyma and six bacterial genera such as Pseudo-nocardia and Bradyrhizobium was positively correlated with the content of medicinal components in medicinal materials. The abundance of Bradyrhizobium was significantly positively correlated with the content of β,β'-dimethylacrylalkanin. The abundance of fungi such as Archaeorhizomyces was significantly positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil, and Bradyrhizobium was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH. Therefore, the abundance of fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of A. euchroma has a certain correlation with the medicinal components and the physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, which can provide a scientific basis for the selection of ecological planting bases in the later stage.

Overexpression of miR-431-5p impairs mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase3 pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of microRNA miR-431-5p in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and its effects on apoptosis and mitochondrial function in GC cells.@*METHODS@#The expression level of miR-431-5p in 50 clinical samples of GC tissues and paired adjacent tissues was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of the patients was analyzed. A cultured human GC cell line (MKN-45 cells) were transfected with a miR-431-5p mimic or a negative control sequence, and the cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial number, mitochondrial potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were detected using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, fluorescent probe label, or ATP detection kit. The changes in the expression levels of the apoptotic proteins in the cells were detected with Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of miR-431-5p was significantly lower in GC tissues than in the adjacent tissues (P < 0.001) and was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P=0.0227), T stage (P=0.0184), N stage (P=0.0005), TNM stage (P=0.0414) and vascular invasion (P=0.0107). In MKN-45 cells, overexpression of miR-431-5p obviously inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, causing also mitochondrial function impairment as shown by reduced mitochondrial number, lowered mitochondrial potential, increased mPTP opening, increased ROS production and reduced ATP content. Overexpression of miR-431-5p significantly downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and increased the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins p53, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of miR-431-5p is down-regulated in GC, which results in mitochondrial function impairment and promotes cell apoptosis by activating the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase3 signaling pathway, suggesting the potential role of miR-431-5p in targeted therapy for GC.

Genotype-environment interaction on arterial stiffness: A pedigree-based study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To utilized the baseline data of the Beijing Fangshan Family Cohort Study, and to estimate whether the association between a healthy lifestyle and arterial stiffness might be modified by genetic effects.@*METHODS@#Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan district, Beijing were included in this study. We developed a healthy lifestyle score based on five lifestyle behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, and physical activity. The measurements of arterial stiffness were brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). A variance component model was used to determine the heritability of arterial stiffness. Genotype-environment interaction effects were performed by the maximum likelihood methods. Subsequently, 45 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the glycolipid metabolism pathway were selected, and generalized estimated equations were used to assess the gene-environment interaction effects between particular genetic loci and healthy lifestyles.@*RESULTS@#A total of 6 302 study subjects across 3 225 pedigrees were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 56.9 years and 45.1% male. Heritability of baPWV and ABI was 0.360 (95%CI: 0.302-0.418) and 0.243 (95%CI: 0.175-0.311), respectively. Significant genotype-healthy diet interaction on baPWV and genotype-BMI interaction on ABI were observed. Following the findings of genotype-environment interaction analysis, we further identified two SNPs located in ADAMTS9-AS2 and CDH13 might modify the association between healthy dietary pattern and arterial stiffness, indicating that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern might attenuate the genetic risk on arterial stiffness. Three SNPs in CDKAL1, ATP8B2 and SLC30A8 were shown to interact with BMI, implying that maintaining BMI within a healthy range might decrease the genetic risk of arterial stiffness.@*CONCLUSION@#The current study discovered that genotype-healthy dietary pattern and genotype-BMI interactions might affect the risk of arterial stiffness. Furthermore, we identified five genetic loci that might modify the relationship between healthy dietary pattern and BMI with arterial stiffness. Our findings suggested that a healthy lifestyle may reduce the genetic risk of arterial stiffness. This study has laid the groundwork for future research exploring mechanisms of arterial stiffness.